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Gilles Deleuze's Involuntary Memory in Samuel Beckett and Marcel Proust PDF

143 Pages·2017·1.48 MB·English
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UNIVERZITA KARLOVA – FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA ÚSTAV ANGLOFONNÍCH LITERATUR A KULTUR Resonance and Self-resonance: Gilles Deleuze’s Involuntary Memory in Samuel Beckett and Marcel Proust BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE Zpracoval (author): Vedoucí bakalářské práce (supervisor): Tomáš Suchánek Prof. PhDr. Martin Procházka, CSc. Obor (subject): Přelouč, srpen 2017 Anglistika-amerikanistika Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto bakalářskou práci vypracoval samostatně, že jsem řádně citoval všechny použité prameny a literaturu a že práce nebyla využita v rámci jiného vysokoškolského studia či k získání jiného nebo stejného titulu. I declare that the following BA thesis is my own work for which I used only the sources and literature mentioned, and that this thesis has not been used in the course of other university studies or in order to acquire the same or another type of diploma. V Přelouči dne 15. srpna 2017 ............................................... I would like to use this opportunity to dedicate my gratitude to prof. Martin Procházka for his valuable input, commentary and patience during the consultation of my BA thesis; and, most of all, I wish to express my deepest respect and admiration to my family for their heartwarming support and unrelenting trust in my efforts. Souhlasím se zapůjčením této bakalářské práce k dalším studijním účelům. I have no objections to the BA thesis being borrowed for further study purposes. Abstrakt Má bakalářská práce se zaměří na kontrast mezi dvěma díly. Na jedné straně bude figurovat heptalogie A la recherche de temps perdu (1913) Marcela Prousta, a to především její interpretace v podání Gillesa Deleuze, a na té druhé trilogie Samuela Becketta sestávající se z knih Molloy (1951), Malone meurt (1951) a L’Innommable (1953). Podobnost i rozdíl mezi těmito díly bude zkoumán skrz prisma Deleuzeova pojetí mimovolné paměti, které vychází z jeho analýzy Proustových narativů. Má práce si vezme za úkol prozkoumat mimovolnost, a znaky reminiscence a resonance, tak, jak s nimi nakládá Beckett, což bude komparováno s jejich distribucí v Proustovi, neboť ony kontrastní aspekty mimovolnosti, jež poodkrývají schizoidního vypravěče u obou zmíněných autorů, souvisejí s Deleuzovou redefinicí tradičního smýšlení o podstatě pravdy, kterou Deleuze charakterizuje prazákladním schizofrenním nastavením. Proto bude nutné vypíchnout odlišné variace na termíny mimovolné paměti, a znaků reminiscence a resonance, v každém z těchto děl. Práce bude rozdělená na čtyři hlavní části. Abych čtenáře řádně zasvětil do teorie Gillesa Deleuze, obsahem první kapitoly bude úvod do jeho redefinice konceptu pravdy – oproti tomu druhá se bude zabývat způsobem odhalení její podstaty v uměleckém díle, a to konkrétně na příkladech této revelace skrz mimovolnost, reminiscenci a resonanci v Proustových románech. Dále, zatímco se třetí kapitola zblízka podívá na pozici „já,“ a subjektivitu obecně, v Deleuzově teorii s mírným přesahem k Beckettovi, jakožto i na podobnosti a rozdíly mezi jejich užitím v Beckettovi a Proustovi, čtvrtá část konečně podrobí výše zmíněné termíny zkoušce v podobě textuální analýzy Beckettovy trilogie. Jak si bude moci čtenář povšimnout, v Beckettovi se resonance nachází, vzhledem k vypravěčově neúprosnému sebezpytu a neutuchajícímu procesu uvědomování si sama sebe, někde trochu jinde, než je tomu v Proustově díle. Tato bakalářská práce si bude klást za cíl vytvořit prostor a odrazový můstek pro další studium problematiky vypravěčského subjektu jako takového. Abstract The main focus of my thesis will aim at a contrast between two works. On one hand, it will be Marcel Proust’s heptalogy A la recherche de temps perdu (1913) as viewed by Gilles Deleuze, on the other, Samuel Beckett’s trilogy Molloy (1951), Malone meurt (1951) and L’Innommable (1953). The contrast will be dissected through the prism of Deleuze’s notion of involuntary memory which he derives out of his analysis of Proust’s narrative. Hence the thesis will investigate the involuntary memory and its signs of reminiscence and resonance in Beckett’s hands, which will be compared with their distribution in Proust, for the different aspects of the involuntary, which reveals the schizoid narrator in both Proust and Beckett, may correspond with Deleuze’s redefinition of essence of truth that is characterized by its primordial schizophrenic setting. Therefore, it will be indispensable to point out how varied the involuntary memory and signs of reminiscence and resonance in their narratives are. The structure of the thesis will consist of four main parts. In order to introduce the readers with the theory of Gilles Deleuze, the first chapter will include the introduction into Deleuze’s redefinition of essence of truth – as a response to that, the second will exemplify its revelation in the work of art. In other words, the view will be zoomed in to the concrete revelation through the involuntary, reminiscence and resonance in Proust’s novels. Further, whereas the third chapter will take a closer look at Deleuze’s views on the self, and subjectivity in general, partially intersecting with Beckett’s writings, as well as at the comparison and contrast with their use in Beckett and Proust, the fourth part will eventually examine the aforementioned terms in Beckett’s novels. In Beckett, interestingly enough, due to the narrator’s constant self-analysis and obsessive self-awareness, the resonance is revealed somewhere else than in Proust. The thesis will thus model a space and propping for the research of the problematic of the subject of the writer as such. Table of Contents Introduction: Thesis’ Theme and Structure……………………………………….10 Chapter 1: The Ontology of Gilles Deleuze………………………………………13 Subchapter 1.1: Transversality: Methodological Questions……………………...13 Subchapter 1.1.1: Deleuze et la transversalité……………………………………14 Subchapter 1.1.2: Nietzsche et la transversalité………………………………….22 Chapter 2: Deleuze, Proust and Art: Signs and Literary Machines of La Recherche………………………………………………………………………...27 Subchapter 2.1: Worldly Signs and Signs of Love……………………………….31 Subchapter 2.2: Material Signs…………………………………………………...33 Subchapter 2.3: Signs of Art……………………………………………………...36 Subchapter 2.4: Signs of Death…………………………………………………...37 Chapter 3: Beckett, Deleuze and the Self…………………………………………40 Subchapter 3.1: Transversality and the Self………………………………………42 Subchapter 3.2: The Self and the Involuntary…………………………………….48 Subchapter 3.3: Beckett, Deleuze and Self-resonance……………………………52 Chapter 4: Textual Analysis of Molloy, Malone meurt and L’Innommable……….63 Subchapter 4.1: Analysis of the Rhetorical, Grammatical and Narrative Strategies of the Trilogy……………………………………………………………………..68 Subchapter 4.2: The Trilogy of Self-resonance…………………………………...87 Subchapter 4.2.1: Molloy’s Anomal……………………………………………...91 Subchapter 4.2.2: Moran’s Molloy……………………………………………….96 Subchapter 4.2.3: Malone’s Epilogue…………………………………………...101 Subchapter 4.2.4: L’Innommable: The Pure Self-resonance…………………….120 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………....138 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………….140 10 Thesis’ Theme and Structure Behind the progression of my thesis, there stood an elementary question: how could one understand the narrator’s self in Samuel Beckett’s trilogy of novels Molloy (1951), Malone meurt (1951) and L’Innommable (1953) if the narrator finds it so hard to identify with his very own voice? In the pursuit of answering this question, my thesis will describe the way how the narrative develops in terms of the narrator’s self and its projection in signs; it will also adumbrate what are the criteria that prescribe its genesis, and what outcomes it has in detail. Its second main task will be, in a nutshell, to infer from the analysis of Beckett’s trilogy a framework with help of which the narrator’s self in a narrative may be treated in general. In this respect, I have chosen two main sources to benefit from: on one hand, it is the post-structuralist thinking of Gilles Deleuze’s Proust et les signes [(1964) 1976], in which he categorizes Marcel Proust’s narrator in the series of novels A la recherche du temps perdu (1913) as a “universel schizophrène” and “corps- araignée.”1 I will not only investigate its guiding theorems – the involuntary memory, reminiscence and resonance – that he defines in the book, but I will also analyze their contrastive distributability both in Proust’s “heptalogy,”2 La Recherche, and in Beckett’s trilogy. On the other, I will research Deleuze’s views 1 “Etrange plasticité du narrateur. C’est ce corps-araignée du narrateur, l’espion, le policier, le jaloux, l’interprète et le revendicateur – le fou – l’universel schizophrène qui va tendre un fil vers Charlus le paranoïaque, un autre fil vers Albertine l’érotomane, pour en faire autant de marionnettes de son propre délire, autant de puissances intensives de son corps sans organes, autant de profils de sa folie.” [Gilles Deleuze, Proust et les Signes (Paris: Quadrige 2006) 219] The book will be hereafter referenced by the abbreviation PS. 2 Proust’s chef-d’œuvre consists of seven successive novels {Du côté du chez Swann [1913 (1919)], À l’ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs (1919), La Côté de Guermantes (1920-1921), Sodome et Gomorrhe (1921-1922), La Prisonnière (1923), Albertine disparue (1925), and Le Temps retrouvé (1927)} all of which will be referred to as to a single work in my thesis – La Recherche or Proust’s Recherche– in order to simplify the referencing procedure.

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higher truth and its form descending into the hands of its forger de jure, in a sense .. réalité naturelle ou spirituelle, comme image et monde Introduction to Nietzsche's Ethics and Ontology (Newcastle upon Tyne: leaves a trace of an akin, yet different, resonance, for, in Beckett, the frequenc
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