Gibraltar: A Modern History PDF
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Gibraltar: A Modern History Gibraltar.indd 1 19/04/2012 08:09:09 Gibraltar: A Modern History Chris Grocott and Gareth Stockey UNIVERSITY OF WALES PRESS CARDIFF Gibraltar.indd 3 19/04/2012 08:09:09 © Chris Grocott and Gareth Stockey, 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the University of Wales Press, 10 Columbus Walk, Brigantine Place, Cardiff CF10 4UP. www.uwp.co.uk British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-0-7083-2481-3 e-ISBN 978-0-7083-2515-5 The right of Chris Grocott and Gareth Stockey to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77, 78 and 79 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Typeset by Marie Doherty Printed by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham, Wiltshire Gibraltar.indd 4 19/04/2012 08:09:09 Contents Acknowledgements vii Map ix Introduction 1 1 Gibraltar as British Fortress, 1704–1783 7 2 Trading Outpost and Naval Base, 1783–1906 26 3 Emergence of a Civilian Community, c.1865–1954 50 4 Relations with Spain, 1704–1969 75 5 Gibraltar and the Gibraltarians, 1954 to the present 103 Conclusion 128 Notes 135 Bibliographical note 155 Appendix: Article X of the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) 165 Index 167 Gibraltar.indd 5 19/04/2012 08:09:09 Acknowledgements This work builds upon a combined total of twenty-odd years of research into the history of Gibraltar undertaken by the authors. Over this period we have accrued many debts of gratitude. It is, of course, impossible to give sufficient acknowledgement to all such debts, but here we would like to mention a few. We are grateful for the support we have received in Gibraltar over the years, particularly from Lorna Swift, librarian of the Garrison Library; Tommy Finlayson and Dennis Beiso, archivists at the Gibraltar Govern- ment Archive; and to Pepe Rosado for encouraging us in our work. Closer to home we are also grateful for the support, first as super- visers, and now as fellow academics and friends, of Professor Martin Blinkhorn and Professor Stephen Constantine. Yet still closer to home we acknowledge and are thankful for the help and encouragement of both our families and of, in particular, Dr Jo Grady and Dr Helena Chadderton; without their support this, and many other projects, would not have been completed. As to any errors contained herein, these are entirely our own doing. Chris Grocott and Gareth Stockey Gibraltar.indd 7 19/04/2012 08:09:09 LL AA LL II NN EEAA Chains Mile 20 10 0 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 Boundary, Inter-Territorial........................ NNEEUUTTRRAALL ZZOONNEE Principal Roads................................................. WWeesstteerrnn BBeeaacchh EEaasstteerrnn CCoommmmeeMMrrccooiiaalleell CCeemm BBeeaacchh NNoorrtthh MMoollee OOlldd MMoollee eetteerryy CCaalleeddoonniiaann CCaannaall DDeettaaccMMhheeooddllee GGIIBBHHRRAAAARRLLBBGGTTRROOAAAAVVUURRIISSNNRRLLIIGGPP DDWWOOAAYYCCKK WWAATTEERRWWOORRKKSS TTUUNNNNEELL CBCBaaaayyttaallaann CCooaalliinngg IIssllaanndd BBrreeaakkwwaatteerr WWaatteerr WWhhaarrff PPAARR.. GGRRAANNDD CCaattcchhmmeenntt SSooMMuuootthhllee PPRRQQ.. oo.. AAff WWKKLLEE..AA EEXXLLDDAAEENNWWSSDD AADDRRRROOAADDCC DD KKVVOOIIIICC DDKKOOCCKKDDOOCCKKYYAARRDD TTUUNNNNEELL 11339988’’ SBSBaaaanynyddyy OOiill FFuueell TTaannkkss RRoossiiaa BBaayy CCaammpp BBaayy EEUURROOPPAA PPAARR.. PPOORRTTUUGGAALL SSeevviilllleeSS PP AA II NN LLiittttllee BBaayy WWIIFFNNHHLLAADDIILLTTMMLLSSIILLLL CC.. SStt.. VViinncceenntt MMaallaaggaa CCaáddiizz SSttrr.. TTooffaa GGnniiggbbrriiaaeellrrttaarr GGIIBBMMRREEDDAAIILLTTTTEEAARRRRRRAANNEEAANN E E UU RR FFOOLLAAPPTTAASS IINNTTEERRNNAATTIIOONNAALL TTeettuuáánn SSEEAA AATTLLAANNTTIICC ZZOONNEE SSPPAANNIISSHH MMOORROOCCCCOOMMeelliillllaa EEuurrooppaa PPooiinntt OOCCEEAANN MMOORROOCCCC OO Map of Gibraltar after 1952 survey, RRaabbaatt FFeezz compiled and drawn by Directorate of Colonial Surveys Gibraltar.indd 9 19/04/2012 08:09:09
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