Getting Started with Grunt The javascript Task Runner

132 Pages·2014·18.514 MB·English

by  Jaime Pillora

Getting Started with Grunt: The
JavaScript Task Runner
A hands-on approach to mastering the fundamentals
of Grunt
Jaime Pillora
BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI
Getting Started with Grunt: The JavaScript Task Runner
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First published: January 2014
Production Reference: 1170114
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
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ISBN 978-1-78398-062-8
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The cover image is trademarked Bocoup LLC
Credits
Author Project Coordinator
Jaime Pillora Aboli Ambardekar
Reviewers Proofreader
Peter deHaan Lauren Harkins
Arnaud Tanielian
Indexer
Monica Ajmera Mehta
Acquisition Editors
Kartikey Pandey
Meeta Rajani Production Coordinator
Alwin Roy
Lead Technical Editor
Sruthi Kutty Cover Work
Alwin Roy
Technical Editors
Shashank Desai
Aman Preet Singh
Anand Singh
About the Author
Jaime Pillora is a passionate full-stack JavaScript developer, an open source
advocate and contributor, and is currently the CTO of Luma Networks, a well-
funded networking startup in Sydney, Australia.
Jaime has always been interested in all things computer science, and from a young
age, he began to devote his time and effort to learning and perfecting his knowledge
in the field. Jaime holds a Bachelor of Computer Science from the University of
New South Wales. In all of his work, Jaime strives to reduce technical debt while
maintaining maximum efficiency; this is done through software engineering best
practices, combined with using the best tools for the given situation. Grunt is one
such tool, which is utilized in every frontend project. Jaime's interest in Grunt began
early on in his development career and he has since become a renowned expert.
Jaime has been working as a frontend JavaScript developer since 2008, and a backend
JavaScript developer utilizing Node.js since 2011. Currently, Jaime leads all software
development at Luma Networks, who is implementing software-defined networking
on commodity hardware utilizing JavaScript.
I would like to thank my loving partner, Jilarra, for her support
during the many hours put into this book, and her contribution to
the proofreading and editing of the final drafts.
About the Reviewers
Peter deHaan likes Grunt a lot and thinks it's the best thing to happen to Node.js
since npm. You can follow his Grunt npm-twitter-bot feed at @gruntweekly.
Arnaud Tanielian is a happy French web developer who specializes in frontend
projects such as FullJS, standards, HTML5, and GruntJS. He is a freelancer,
traveling around the world and working from coffee shops to bars, currently
living in Melbourne, Australia.
Look for @Danetag on the Internet and you'll find some cool projects, fun, and
French clichés.
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Table of Contents
Preface 1
Chapter 1: Introducing Grunt 7
What is Grunt? 7
Why use Grunt? 9
Benefits of Grunt 10
Efficiency 10
Consistency 10
Effectiveness 11
Community 11
Flexibility 12
Real-world use cases 13
Static analysis or Linting 13
Transcompilation 16
CoffeeScript 16
Minification 20
Concatenation 21
Deployment 23
FTP 23
SFTP 25
S3 27
Summary 28
Chapter 2: Setting Up Grunt 29
Installation 29
Node.js 29
Modules 31
npm 33
Finding modules 35
Installing modules 35
Table of Contents
Grunt 37
Project setup 38
package.json 39
Gruntfile.js 42
Directory structure 43
Configuring tasks 44
Configuring multitasks 47
Configuring options 48
Configuring files 49
Single set of source files 51
Multiple sets of source files 51
Mapping a source directory to destination directory 52
Templates 53
Summary 54
Chapter 3: Using Grunt 55
Creating your own tasks 55
Tasks 55
The task object 56
Task aliasing 57
Multitasks 58
The multitask object 60
Asynchronous tasks 61
Running tasks 62
Command-line 62
Task arguments 65
Runtime options 66
Task help 67
Programmatically 69
Automatically 70
Using third-party tasks 72
Searching for tasks 72
Official versus user tasks 72
Task popularity 73
Task features 73
Task stars 74
Summary 74
Chapter 4: Grunt in Action 75
Creating the build 75
Step 1 – initial directory setup 76
Step 2 – initial configuration 76
Step 3 – organizing our source files 81
Scripts 81
[ ii ]
Table of Contents
Views 85
Styles 87
Step 4 – optimizing our build files 88
Scripts 89
Styles 90
Views 91
Step 5 – tasks and options 92
Step 6 – improving development flow 94
Step 7 – deploying our application 97
Summary 99
Chapter 5: Advanced Grunt 101
Testing with Grunt 101
Continuous integration with Grunt 103
External tasks 103
Grunt plugins 104
Useful plugins 108
JavaScript resources 109
Development tools 110
Author picks 110
Mac OS X 110
Sublime Text 111
SourceTree 111
Chrome DevTools 111
Community picks 111
WebStorm 111
Yeoman 112
Summary 112
Index 113
[ iii ]