Getting Results Part I - Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drug Prevention

192 Pages·2000·1.79 MB·English

Getting Results
Developing Safe
and Healthy Kids
CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SACRAMENTO • 1998
Getting Results
◆ PART I ◆
California Action Guide
to Creating
Safe and Drug-Free
Schools and Communities
◆
CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SACRAMENTO • 1998
PREFACE
C H A P T E R 0
Preface

T
he use of illegal drugs among increase of violence in schools and the
California adolescents has school community. The Legislature,
been climbing since the early concerned parents, members of the
1990s. Major increases in the general public, educators at all levels,
use of marijuana, LSD, researchers, and the media cite exam­
inhalants, and several other drugs ples in which violence on campuses
were reported by the 1993 California makes education impossible. In 1996­
Student Substance Use Survey, and 1997, school districts and county
alcohol use remained at disturbingly offices of education reported to the
high levels. More startling is that California Department of Education
over half of eleventh graders report (CDE) over 80,000 incidents of crime
knowing one or more adults who on school campuses, of which slightly
use marijuana, indicating how wide­ over 53,000 involved drugs, alcohol,
spread drug use is within our commu­ or violence against another person.
nities. Tobacco use among adoles­
Violence, as defined by an advisory
cents in California increased nearly
panel convened by the California
31 percent between 1993 and 1995
Commission on Teacher
as reported by the California Youth
Credentialing, often results from
Tobacco Survey, 1996.
“individual, social, economic, politi­
Accompanying the rise in use of alco­ cal, and institutional disregard for
hol, tobacco, and other drugs is an basic human needs. [It] includes
physical and non-physical harm which lence and the use of alcohol, tobacco,
causes damage, pain, injury, or fear. and other drugs among young
Violence disrupts the school environ­ people. Part I, California Action Guide
ment and results in the debilitation of to Creating Safe and Drug-Free Schools
personal development which may lead and Communities, addresses the
to hopelessness and helplessness” requirements of the Act. Part II,
(Dear 1995, p. 5). Violence is a learned which is not yet developed, will focus
behavior that cuts across culture and on tobacco use prevention education.
ethnicity. It is, however, preventable,
Part I reinforces the need for an
and its prevention requires education
extensive and stable comprehensive
of and by all segments of society.
program that includes planning and
Schools have a responsibility to pro­ evaluation. It focuses on guidelines
vide safe, disciplined, and drug-free for program design derived from
environments that enable students to research and evaluation on effective
focus on the academic and social tasks practices. It includes summaries of
designed to foster their development research and evaluation studies on
into healthy, productive adults. The prevention and descriptions of
Safe and Drug-Free Schools and promising practices. The several
Communities Act (SDFSCA), Title IV appendixes contain resource lists, leg­
of the Improving America’s Schools islation, and other pertinent materials.
Act, provides funding to local educa­
The material presented in Getting
tional agencies (LEAs) to undertake
Results is not intended to be used as
activities that promote these environ­
a model. No single approach for pre­
ments. Funds to support school-based
venting drug use and violence will
efforts to reduce tobacco use are made
work in every environment: “One
available to LEAs through the Tobacco
size doesn’t fit all.” The needs of
Use Prevention Education (TUPE) pro­
students and families differ, and each
gram established by Proposition 99.
community must create its own
Schools and school districts that seek unique prevention program.
to implement prevention programs
By taking into account the recommen­
often face a bewildering array of pro­
dations presented in this document
grams, models, and instructional
and planning local programs in accor­
materials. Getting Results was devel­
dance with research-based principles
oped to help simplify the tasks of edu­
of effectiveness, local districts can
cators by linking legislative require­
create comprehensive programs that
ments to what research and evaluation
address the needs of their students
tell us about exemplary and promising
and create safe, disciplined, and drug­
strategies for preventing school vio­
PREFACE
free environments where students can tricts to customize the publication by
develop into effective learners. adding documents that they deem rel­
evant for their particular programs.
Getting Results will be supplemented
by future mailings to keep practition­ CDE welcomes feedback from schools
ers in the field abreast of new research and school districts about Getting
and evaluation that can make local Results; comments will be used to
prevention programs more effective. guide the development of updated
The binder format allows for this materials. A feedback form is includ­
ongoing expansion, and it allows dis- ed with this document.
Jane Irvine Henderson Gabriel Cortina
Deputy Superintendent Deputy Superintendent
Child, Youth and Family Service Branch Specialized Programs Branch
Wade Brynelson Mary Tobias Weaver
Assistant Superintendent Acting Director/Assistant Superintendent
Learning Support and Adult Education, Educational Options,
Partnerships Division and Safe Schools Division
Gerald Kilbert Karen Lowrey
Administrator Acting Administrator
Healthy Kids Program Office Safe Schools and Violence Prevention Office

C H A P T E R 0
Contents

Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................ vii

Chapter 1 • Introduction.................................................................................................. 1

Purpose of the California Action Guide for Creating Safe and
Drug-Free Schools and Communities............................................................................. 2

Organization of the Action Guide ............................................................................... 2

What We Know about Drug Prevention Programs ................................................. 3

A Framework for Program Design ............................................................................ 4

Chapter 2 • Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities ....................................11

California Implementation of Title IV ..................................................................... 16

Summary for Districts ............................................................................................... 16

Chapter 3 • Action Steps for Designing an SDFSC Program ................................. 19

Establish a Broad-Based Advisory Council ............................................................ 23

Assess Local Needs Related to Health, Safety and Drug Use.............................. 26

Establish Measurable Goals and Objectives ........................................................... 29

Select Research- and Evaluation-Based Strategies................................................. 33

Coordinate with Other Programs ............................................................................ 38

Evaluate and Refine the Program ............................................................................ 39

Chapter 4 • Strategies for Prevention.......................................................................... 49

Exemplary Practices in Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Use ...................50
Promising Practices in Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Use ................... 53

Ineffective Practices in Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Use ....................53
Exemplary Practices in Violence Prevention .......................................................... 54

Promising Practices in Violence Prevention ........................................................... 55

Ineffective Practices in Violence Prevention........................................................... 55

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Chapter 5 • Summaries of Promising Practices ......................................................... 59
Chapter 6 • Summaries of Prevention Research and Evaluation ........................... 87
Appendixes
A: Prevention Resources ........................................................................................
165
B: Legislation ...........................................................................................................
170
Title IV: Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act ..................
170
Gun-Free Schools Act ....................................................................................
177
C: SDFSC Program Performance Indicators ........................................................
178
D: Sources of Financial Support for Safe and Healthy Schools ........................
179
References .........................................................................................................................
184
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222
Table of Contents
C H A P T E R 0
Figures

1 • California Guidelines for Program Design ............................................................. 5

2 • SDFSCA Requirements for School Districts ........................................................... 12

3 • SDFSCA Authorized Activities ................................................................................ 14

4 • Planning Sequence for Safe and Drug-Free Schools ..............................................22
5 • Useful Research and Evaluation Definitions ......................................................... 35

6 • Checklist for Determining a Program’s Effectiveness .......................................... 37

7 • SDFSC Program Data Sources.................................................................................. 42

8 • Useful Definitions...................................................................................................... 46

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C H A P T E R 0
Tables

1 • SDFSC Program Parameters at a Glance ................................................................ 20

2 • What Works in Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Use and Prevention

of Violence ................................................................................................................. 57

3 • What Does Not Work in Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Use and

Prevention of Violence ............................................................................................. 58

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