Get Into Wow-Factor Science PDF
Preview Get Into Wow-Factor Science
JANICE DYER CONTENTS Author: Janice Dyer Photographs Shutterstock.com: © jarabee123 (cover top); © GoncharukMaks (cover Publishing plan research and bottom right); © memorisz (cover top right); © SUWIT NGAOKAEW development: Reagan Miller (TP background); © Natykach Nataliia (TOC background); © aekikuis (p. 7 top); © Gino Santa Maria (Eureka blast) Editors: Marcia Abramson, Petrice Custance © Sam Taylor: Sam Taylor: cover, back cover, TP, TOC, p. 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, Photo research: Melissa McClellan 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31 Editorial director: Kathy Middleton © Austen Photography: cover, back cover, p. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 bottom right, 18, 21 top, 27 top, 29 top Proofreader: Wendy Scavuzzo Cover/interior design: T.J. Choleva Production coordinator and prepress technician: Samara Parent Print coordinator: Margaret Amy Salter Consultant: Brianne Manning Science teacher, Peel District School Board Written and produced for Crabtree Publishing by BlueAppleWorks Inc. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dyer, Janice, author Names: Dyer, Janice, author. Get into wow-factor science / Janice Dyer. Title: Get into wow-factor science / Janice Dyer. Description: New York, New York : Crabtree Publishing Company, (Get-into-it guides) [2018] Includes index. Series: Get-into-it guides | Includes index. Issued in print and electronic formats. Identifiers: LCCN 2017029308 (print) | LCCN 2017031466 (ebook) | ISBN 978-0-7787-3643-1 (hardcover).-- ISBN 9781427119636 (Electronic HTML) ISBN 978-0-7787-3652-3 (softcover).-- ISBN 9780778736431 (reinforced library binding : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-4271-1963-6 (HTML) ISBN 9780778736523 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Science--Experiments--Juvenile literature. 1. Science--Experiments--Juvenile literature. 2. Scientific Classification: LCC Q164 (ebook) | LCC Q164 .D94 2018 (print) | recreations--Juvenile literature. I. Title. DDC 507.8--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017029308 Q164.D94 2017 j507.8 C2017-903617-3 C2017-903618-1 Crabtree Publishing Company www.crabtreebooks.com 1-800-387-7650 Copyright © 2018 CRABTREE PUBLISHING COMPANY. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or be transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Crabtree Publishing Company. In Canada: We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund for our publishing activities. Published in Canada Published in the United States Published in the United Kingdom Published in Australia Crabtree Publishing Crabtree Publishing Crabtree Publishing Crabtree Publishing 616 Welland Ave. PMB 59051 Maritime House 3 Charles Street St. Catharines, Ontario 350 Fifth Avenue, 59th Floor Basin Road North, Hove Coburg North L2M 5V6 New York, New York 10118 BN41 1WR VIC, 3058 CONTENTS THE EXCITING WORLD OF SCIENCE 4 LET’S TALK ABOUT COLORS 6 AWAKEN THE FORCES 8 WACKY SLIME TIME 12 S-NAUGHTY SLIMEBALLS 14 MAGNETIZE IT! 16 EXPLOSIVE SCIENCE MADNESS 18 I HAVE THE TOOTHPASTE— WHO HAS THE ELEPHANT? 20 IT MAKES NO SENSE! 22 SEEING IS BELIEVING— OR IS IT? 24 GET ELECTRIFIED! 26 SPOOKY SCIENCE 28 LEARNING MORE 30 GLOSSARY 31 INDEX 32 THE EXCITING WORLD OF SCIENCE Do you like getting your hands dirty? Do you ask a lot of questions? Are you curious? Then science is for you! Science is all about understanding the strange, mysterious, and complicated things that happen in the world around us. Scientists search for truth. To do this, they ask a lot of questions, then conduct experiments to find the answers. The spectacular hands-on experiments in this book will help you learn about nature and how things work—and they’ll also make you say “Wow!” S T T cience hrough ime Our world is constantly changing. As advanced cultures developed, discoveries in math and science were made in Greece, India, Egypt, China, and other civilizations. A new age of science started more than 700 years ago during the Renaissance in Europe. People wanted to understand the world around them. They started using experiments to help them understand. In present times, science is all around us. Science, engineering, and math come together to create new technology for home, school, and work. Try to imagine a world How to Use This Book without video games or The experiments in this book smartphones. It was are meant to inspire you to get science that brought into science and keep learning. You can follow the steps provided, or use them to our lives not your imagination to change the very long ago. experiments with different ideas and materials. 4 5 g i i ! eT nTo T i c B y ! T ould e ou Some people think science is serious and Some discoveries come from boring. Nothing could be further from the years of research, but others are happy accidents. Thomas Adams truth! Scientists need wild imaginations to was seeking a substitute for ask new questions and look at old problems rubber in 1870. He tried chicle, the sap from a South American in a new way. Being able to laugh at things tree, but it failed. Seeing that is also part of studying science. In fact, that’s local people chewed the stuff, Adams tried it, liked it, and why we have Silly Putty! It failed as a new turned it into a popular chewing type of rubber, but the scientists working on gum! In 1928, Alexander Fleming made one of the greatest the project in 1943 had so much fun playing accidental discoveries when with it that a new toy was born. he found penicillin growing on moldy lab dishes. Accidental Today, you can learn science from books, or not, many great discoveries videos, classroom lessons, and even funny are waiting to be made by new generations of scientists—and cartoons. One of the best ways to learn, that could include you! though, is to do your own experiments and see for yourself how science works. S i afeTy nSTrucTionS Science experiments are fun activities that help you learn new things. However, safety is the number-one consideration. Make sure to follow these rules to stay safe while doing science experiments. 1. Do not touch chemicals without permission. 2. Make sure a parent or adult is in the room. 3. Don’t eat, drink, or fool around. 4. Read the labels on materials carefully. 5. Wear safety goggles if you are mixing harsh materials. 6. Let objects cool down before touching them. 7. Wash your hands before and after. To protect your eyes from spills and fumes, wear your safety goggles. 4 5 LET’S TALK ABOUT COLORS Ready to make water walk to form colorful arches?! This experiment is a fun way to see how colors mix and learn how liquids move by capillary action, which is the way plants get water from their roots to their tops. Colors are divided into three main groups, and you can make new colors by mixing them in certain ways as explained on page 7. Follow the steps below to see how paper towels, which are made from plants, can help create a walking water rainbow! We are going to use seven glasses and three WALKING WATER RAINBOW primary colors for this experiment. The capillary You Will Need: action will mix the primary colors and create ■■7 empty glasses secondary colors—green, orange, and violet! ■■jug of water You can make your own experiment using fewer ■■blue, red, and yellow food coloring glasses and different combinations of colors. ■■stir stick or spoon ■■6 paper towels Using only two colors and three glasses ■■scissors Time: will get you spectacular results as well. Preparation: 10 min Results: 1–3 hours 1 Place 7 clear glasses on 2 Add 20 drops of red food 3 Tear off a sheet of paper a table in a row. Add coloring to the outside towel, fold it several times water to every other glass. glasses. Add 10 drops of yellow lengthwise to form a strip Make the outside glasses food coloring to the third glass about 1.5 inches (4 cm) wide. almost full, the two middle from your right. Then add 10 Then fold the strip in half. glasses half full. Leave the drops of blue food coloring to the You will need 6 strips. Measure other 3 glasses empty. third glass from your left. Stir well. the height of the glasses and cut the strips so they fit the height of the glasses. Tip If the water seems to move very slowly, try a thinner 6 7 paper towel. The less the paper towels absorb, the better. W W c orking iTh olorS P A color wheel is a tool that artists use to help T T S S understand colors. It shows what colors look like mixed together, and helps to give T T an idea of how different colors are related. P P It also shows which colors look good together, and which ones don’t. T T S There are three types of colors on a color P – Primary colors P wheel: primary colors, secondary colors, and S – Secondary colors tertiary colors. Primary colors are blue, red, and s T – Tertiary colors yellow. These colors can’t be made by mixing Yellow and blue are two neighboring other colors together. Secondary colors are primary colors. Mixing them together will create the green secondary color. green, orange, and violet or purple. These P colors can be made by mixing two primary Why colors together. For example, red and blue It Works together make violet. Tertiary colors are made In this experiment, by mixing a primary color with a secondary capillary action happens because there color that is beside it on the color wheel. are attractive forces between the water and the cellulose fibers in the paper towels. The water climbs up into tiny gaps between the fibers, defying gravity like a ninja climbing walls. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 Place the strips into glasses as 5 Let it sit for about 2 hours, then look at the results. The water shown to connect each pair walked over from the water-filled glasses into the empty of neighboring glasses with one strip. ones, making the level of water the same in all 7 glasses. The colors walked too, creating new colors! Primary red and yellow colors from glasses 1 and 3 mixed in glass 2, creating Tip a secondary orange color. Primary yellow and blue colors from Arrange 6 glasses glasses 3 and 5 mixed in glass 4, creating a secondary green color. in a circle to make And, primary blue and red colors from glasses 5 and 7 mixed your own color in glass 6, creating a secondary violet color. wheel. Than watch 6 the show—LIVE! 7 AWAKEN THE FORCES Why do we fall over when we lean too far to one side or the other? How do tightrope walkers stay upright? It’s all about the center of gravity. An object’s weight is evenly spread around a point that is called its center of gravity, and it will fall if this point is not supported. People have a center of gravity, too. We stay balanced by keeping our center of gravity above our support base—our feet! If we get unbalanced, we fall. By using the center of gravity, we can balance almost anything, including the spoon and fork in this experiment. You Will Need: BALANCING UTENSILS Time: ■■fork 5 min ■■spoon ■■toothpick ■■glass ■■matches or a lighter Safety Tip Grown-up help needed! 1 2 Why It Works The center of gravity is Connect a fork and spoon of Insert a toothpick through below where the toothpick rests equal weight by inserting the the prongs so about 0.4 inch on the rim of the glass, so the fork spoon under the outer prongs (1 cm) sticks out from and spoon stay balanced even if of the fork. the back. the toothpick is gone. Think of the connected utensils as working in the same way as the long stick that a tightrope walker uses to stay balanced. 3 4 Balance the toothpick on the Ask an adult to use a match or lighter rim of a glass, halfway between to light the part of the toothpick inside the end of the toothpick and the glass. Be careful not to knock it. the fork and spoon. Point the handles of the fork and spoon 5 That part of the toothpick will burn inward toward away, but the fork and spoon seem to 8 9 the glass. be balancing on virtually nothing.
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