Gesù e il suo movimento. Storia sociale di una rivoluzione di valori

315 Pages·2007·7.255 MB·Italian

by  Gerd Theissen

GerdT heissen
IL
GESÙE SUO
MOVIMENTO
Storsioac iale
diu nar ivoluzione
div alori
Claudi-anTao rino
[email protected]
GerTdhe is(s91e4n3 )
èd ottino treeo leop grioaf edsiNs uoorveTo es tameanltlo' UnidviHe eris­ità
delbTerrlages . u oep eprueb bliincI attael ia riGcesoeiùr sl du imoao mvoi:m en­
toa:n alisi dseolccloiamo ulnocigrtiiàcs apt riainmai (tTiovrCai lnaou,d i1a99n7)a,,
Sociodlecolrg iias tiparniemsii(tmGioev nooM vaar,i e1t9t)8iL,7', o mdberGlaa lileo
(oTriCnloa,u di1a9n9Laa0 ,p) o,r atpae rvtaar:i aszuti eosbntiiib ( lTiocriCi lnaou,­
dian1a99,3 Il) G,e ssùt oruinmc aon:u (ailcneo llabocroaAnzn inoenMteet rez ,
BresQcuiear,i n1i99a9nC)ao,,m e clafame bduiena:pa r ospeveotltuizviao (nTios­tica
rinCol,a udi1a99n9aIl) N,,u ovToe sta(meRnotmCoaa ,r occie,La r2e0l0i2g)i one
depir icmrii s(tTioarnCiiln aou,d i2a0n04a),.
Questvoo lumèes taptuob bliccoanti olc ontridbeultlo' dBeOJlooCl hai esa
evangevlailcdae( sUen iodneel clhei evsael deem seit odicsutviea )i nlo strrion ­
graziamento.
Schedbai bliogrCafIiPc a
TheissGeenr,d
Gesùe il s umoo vimelnG teorTh de isse;tn r aduzidi oGnieuse ppCea m­
poccia
Torino:C laudi2a0n0a7,
32p0.; 2 4c m-.( Strumenti)
ISB9N7 8-88-7016-644-6
l.G esCùri st2oC. ri santieimso- Origini
23(2C D2D1. )
ISBN9 78-818-6-67404-6
Ttioolor iginale:
Die] esusbeweSgouzniga.l gesecihniRecerhv toel udtieorWne rte
© GiitersVlerolhaegrs GhmabuHsG, ii ter2s0l0o4h
Pelrat raduziitoanlei ana:
© Clauadnsair 2l0,0 7
ViSaa Pni Vo 1 5-1051T 2orino
Tel[phone]F4a 0x1 .16.557.24
e-m:ai [email protected]
siinttoe rnewtw:w. lcauida.nait
Tuttidi i rriitstei-r PvraitniitnIe tda ly
Ristampe:
111 00 90 80 7 l 2 3 4 5 6
TrdauzioGnieu:s eCpapmep occia
CoperUtimnbae:r Sttoa gnaro
Stampa: MultGimieudgil(aiN aans)co a rl,
Sommaridoe ll'opera
Premessa
11
IntroduziCoonmep.i teim etodi
diu nas ociolodgeilma o vimentdoiG esù 15
1.U n movimentdoiA usstgeeir
ed ic arismaittiicnie ranti 35
2.I lm ovimentdoiG esù
comem ovimentmoi llenaristico 91
3.L ac ridseil lsao cieetbàr aiccoam et erreno
dic rescdietlma o vimentdoiG esù 117
4.L av isiosnoec iadleelm ovimentdoiG esù 217
Bibliografia
273
Inddiencioe m i
289
Inddietciece si ttia ti
295
5
Elenoc dellaeb brevaizoini
ANRW "AufsutnidNe ige derdgearrno gm isWcehletn"
BECKBY AntholGorgaieaacc au,rd aiH .B ECK,BM YonacdoiB .1,9 57,
16962
BHTh "Beitzruahrgi es torTihsecohleong ie"
Biblnt "Bibllnitcear!p retation"
BiiG "BiubnedlK irche"
BiLe "BiubnedlL eben"
BTB "BiblTihceao!lB ougllye tin"
BTZ "BerlTinheero logZiesicthsec hrift"
BZ "BiblZiesicthsec hrift"
CD DocumedniDt aom asco
CPJ CorpuPsa pyroJruudma icarum
CrSt "Cristinaenllesast iomroi a"
DNP "Denre uPea uly''
EKK EvangelischK-oKamtmheonlztiuasmNrc e hueeTrne stament
EvTh "EvangeTlhiesoclhoeg ie"
FRLANT "ForschzuunRrge elni ugniLdoi nt erdaeAtslutrue nnNd e uen
Testaments"
IEJ "IsrEaxepll orJaotuimoanl "
}ACOBY F. ]ACOBDYiF,e r agmdeenGrtr ei echHiisscthoeIr-niI LkIeIei,r d a,
1293s s.
JBL "JoumoafBl i blLiictae!r ature"
JBTh "JahrfbiiuBrci hb liTshcehoel ogie"
JECS "JoumoafEl a rClhyr isSttiuadni es"
JRS "JoumoafRl o maSntu dies"
JSHRZ JiidiSscchhreifta euhnse llenistiZseciht- romischer
JSJ "Joumfaotlrh Set uodfyJ udaiinst mhP ee rsHiealnl,e nistic
anRdo manP eriod"
JSNT "Joumatlh Seft ourod fyN ewT estament"
JThS "JoumoafTl h eoloSgtiucdaile s"
NT "NeTwes tament"
NTOA/StUNNoTv uTme stameetOn rtbuAimns t iquus
NTS "NeTwes tamSetnutd ies"
7
Gesùi sleu moo vimento
NZSTh "NeuZee itsfciihsrry isftte maTthiesoclhoeg ie"
OCIS OrieGnrtaieslc nasec riSpetlieoacnc teuasrde a,iW .D ITIENBER-
GERL,i ps1i09a3,9- 015N;a chdr1u79c0k.,
PSI Papirie tLaG trieInc-iiX P lu,b blicdaezliloani IStoacliieatnàa ,
19-112395
RAC ReallfoerxA inktoinlce Cuhnrdi stentum
REJ "Revdueeés t udjeusi ves"
RStR "ReliSgtiuoduRisee vsi ew"
SA "SociolAongailcyasli s"
ScHECHTERA bodtehR abNbait haac nu,rd aiS .ScH ECHTEVRi,e nn1a78,7 ,
NewY or1k9,6 7
StTh "StuTdhieao logica"
ThLZ "TheoloLgiitsecrhaet urzeitung"
ThZ "TheoloZgeiistcshceh rift"
TRE TheologRiesaclheen zyklopiidie
TihZ "TriTehreeorl ogZiesicthsec hrift"
WMANT "WissenschMaofnotglriacphzheui mAe lnt uennd N euen
Testament"
WStNF "WieSnteurd iNeenu"Fe.o lge
ZdPV "Zeitsdcehdsre ifutt sPcahHeins tina-Vereins"
ZNT "ZeitsfciiNhrrei ufetTs es tament"
ZNW "Zeitsfciidhrir neie futt estamWeinstsleincshceh aft"
ZThK "ZeitsfciiThrhr eiofltuo ngdKi ier che"
8
Alflaceo ldtità e ologia
delulniev erdsiLi utneàAd a rhus
comreigr naazmeintoi clpof eernr imento
dellulaeraah onocraiuss a
Premsesa
Quanndeo1l 9 07t enlnepir imleez idoisn oic iodleoclgr iias tianesimo
delolrei guni ncio,l lmeipg rao fecthidezu zròa qnuteesl e messtsira er eb­
bee sauirmlia ttoe rsiua llceau vio rTautrtea.sv isib aa gliò, perché, finora,
am ee mao latliti mrlai t ernioanèlm ea ncaAt coa.u dseaci o ntrfiibnuot i
ao ggaip porlteta etoigr,ii sàev ilupdpeavtoeens os etrutet e eqsuaa­nte
minaQtuee.s vtool uèml ea rieladbiuo nrb arzeisvocenr eid te1tl79o7i n­
titoGleasetiù osl u moo vitmoAe.nn alsioscii odleolcglmoiauc inatc àr isptriia­na
mivta(i oTriCnloa,u di1a79n9)Ea.s, s sooe snteqvuaa tttersoi :
• Al'nliizdieocl r istiadneeloslrieim gvoiie n ria cnaor ismiattiinecria n­
tsie nzpaa trmiaca o,un n 'ertaidciac ale;
• costaoprproat enevuannm oo vai mednirt ionn ovaminetnetrnoao l ­
l'ebraismo
• lac unia scfui ctoan dizidoaun nacat raid seils loac ieebtràa ico-pale­
stinese;
• lal orroi spaoq suteasc traifu s uin vai sidoian meo rere i conciliazione.
Quando svqiuleustptepesla iari, i cesruclsalt ao sroicai daelcler istia­
nesidmeolo lrei geiranagi il nii mzein,ts ruec cesesnitdveia vmeunnn'ea m­
picao rreCnift uer.om nool ctrei ticmhieca o anlcleazd iiuo nna«e s ociolo­
gidae mlo vimedniGt eos ùm»ae, s sfaua ccoalntcach oepn o sieta imv­a
pirai soznaIa.ln bmrieovv oel umfeutt troa diontu tnod ilciin gelu are i ­
cerpcrao seigsluu cìoo rsos.te hsIosoc o o ntinalu aavtoosr uam roeld teii
suopiu nitclih ,he a f atstcìoh dea lrliae labodriuna zbiroenvee ssicar itto
natuno n uovloi bpreoqr,u anltelo i ngeuei da rsiimaanlseost tee sse.
Anchienq uest'sosipo esrtali ate endseei rl a dicailtiisnmeoNr ealn­te.
los corlrae rbei blmiiso ognrcoao fimap iadcipi outtceoor n stcahtie«a crae­
rismaittiicnie croannttiin»au nacnosore am parv ea ganreelt leesd teeg li
esegeem toild,ti li o rsoo ncoo nvcihnqetu ie scatrii smaabtbiipcarino os e-
11
Gesùi sleu moo vimento
guiltalo o roop earnac nheeIl s ecodl.oCi n.S ireiP aa lesAtlicnusant.iu ­
dionsoin pretcehnqedu oenploel res aobnbei ano ipnetrrcatoparrnse­is o
tol ungqhuia nitoho oi potizMzoaltatiott .r ibuiasicc aornios muanat ti­ci
teggiapmiefùna tvoo renvecoio lnef rdoenlftlaiam iglia; alcuni vedono in
lorsoo ltdaenmite os sagtgriea r viva irlil Eapgpguier.se vs iia ggcioa­no
munquIec !a rismiattiinceeirr aanntoi sspoetstsoov amlaiu ntt aetmip,i
pirùe celnalt oire os isteilnlzo ars oi eg nisfoincsoat tadoti if edseis cer itti
in modeos aeunrt(ieMT .wi adl).
Ic arisimtainteirccaion sttii tiunliu vcaldneeomol o vimedniGt eos uùn,
movimednirt ionn ovamiennttroa eIbnqr uaeiscmtoio.lo avoersosv oi ene
colloccoapntr oe cisionmea gagnincoeorlrela a dseptloo proiglaio u daico
attraivcleo rnsfor coonantl otm roiv imednirt iin novapmreenstneoen lt­i
la'm bidtiIo s raIne tlaeml.o dsosi o stliate encsehi ee s saob btiraa itntsoe ­
gnamednatfloa llidmiem notvoi menti pear bebceielada ebnoterisa pteo­
riendzepela ss.a ptAao rtdiaqr ueuni confrionntteor cuclotanul rtarlie
«movimmeinltlire insatnieec vii»d enuzliteemrreàin otirecl a trtaeprreo ­
pr:in oelfloar dmeapl r imcroi stiacnhdeeas e ismssooc atsuorliìmol o vi­
mentdoiG esmùu,o venddaolc lual tourriag irniaurasip caeì,n eturnaar e
culteusrtar eagneemao en tear asformarla.
Hos piegisalot rog deiqr uee smtoov imednirt ion novacmoeunnn tao
crisis odceigleiltuaàd aein coans ,o ltsaunltbloaa sd eiu ncar idseilr leal i­
gione eTbalreia nitcear.p redtealzliado iInc serr iaèsse itl aest pae scsoon ­
testtauttat,èac voirar aeftfteor cmhaierml eo vimendtiGo e ssùo risnue n a
fasree lativamentteri ad t irsaonrsqdeuiginulaiill tmalio,a r dtieE ro(d4e
aC..)l ace r idsiCi a li(g3o8ld-aC.4 .0L) et. e nscihosenmi ia nifesptrair­ono
mae d opeor apneor pòr esaennctihine q uest'seepbobcfeaon,se s lear­o
tenTtutitc.oi s òti r ogviaà vnoelluG meese ù s iulmo o vim(eoTnrtioCn loa,u ­
dian1a799,)N .u ovèai nvelcd'eeic ah iec onfdliqi tuteis t'ienptoecram e­
dipai,dù i staebsbai,pa ontou etsos reirseino ltteir pmoilniit ico-simbolici.
A quell'seoprosacelart oe rnaast oilvuez cihopenr ie vedelv'sauodn eol la
violecnozscaah,c e o stuinct aumìb iamdeivn atloeoc roin vinMzais oenni­.
zal ad urlao tptealr as partidzepiloo tneedr eelp,lr ao preid eetllcàau ltu­
raq,u esto camrbeisaitmnaec notmop repnesqriu bainlatqe ou, e sltoat ta
nond ebbsae gusiermep lri'em poveriumneacn htioad,vil e e ttquureas ta
chèes tastpae sastot ribuita, farlamliiania tn etnedrepnrdeotlaaz,io ne del­
lac ridseil movidmiGe enstLùoe.c rissoir gnoencloo rdsico a mbinatmie
lac ui raspoitdtiotupàno adn eet ermsioncaiterati àc haie ecscteesIn s ive.
essèe posusnip briolger esstoa nsqtouoca inatlroee gurne sso.
Peqru elclhroei guarlda«a v isicooncneu »iim l o vimedniGt eos rùi ­
spoaslecl rai hsofi o,r mullana utoovi an terpredtiua nzraii ovnoel uzione
div alonremilo: v imedniGt eos lùag ensteem plsiaicp ep rodperviia al ori
delclleae slseivn aertlae p pocroitnb o e n(ip eortper,o prciuelttàmu,er na­),
triev aldoerciie btais nseirl a ppocrotgnoli e ssuemrain sio nroi valutati
graazlilet 'oacuosc«iaernizsata o>>Cc.or natintuiaorc itecnhelera' egg ressi-
12