Geriatric Trauma and Critical Care PDF
Preview Geriatric Trauma and Critical Care
Jay A. Yelon Fred A. Luchette Editors Geriatric Trauma and Critical Care 123 Geriatric Trauma and Critical Care Jay A. Yelon (cid:129) Fred A. Luchette Editors Geriatric Trauma and Critical Care Editors Jay A. Yelon Fred A. Luchette Department of Surgery Department of Surgery Lincoln Medical Center Stritch School of Medicine Bronx , NY Loyola University Medical Center USA Maywood , IL USA Vice-Chair VA Affairs Chief of Surgical Services Hines, VA USA ISBN 978-1-4614-8500-1 ISBN 978-1-4614-8501-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8501-8 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013956123 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This work is subject to copyright. 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Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword The new and well-written textbook, G eriatric Trauma and Critical Care (edited by Jay Yelon and Fred Luchette), is a timely and necessary addition to our current body of knowledge on this topic. The existing medical landscape in the United States includes a population of 315 million people, 793,648 physicians, and over 6,000 hospitals for acute care and elective man- agement. With the overall population expanding by 25 million each decade, along with a pro- jected steady increase of Americans over 65 years of age, a crisis is developing with respect to optimal healthcare for this very vulnerable and special population – the elderly. Considering increased comorbidities and distinctly different physiologic responses/ reserves, the geriatric patients will continue to present an array of challenges for all aspects of healthcare management. The highly accomplished specialists who have contributed to this excellent textbook are to be commended for providing the reader with the physiological basis for assessment and principles of management for this cohort of patients. The section and chap- ter formats are well presented, with each organ-based topic being complete and comprehen- sive. I, particularly, applaud the editors for including a separate section on the Impact of Aging on Health. Undoubtedly, this textbook will be recognized as a defi nitive work in the fi eld for years to come. Norfolk, VA, USA L.D. Britt, MD, MPH, FACS v Contents Part I Impact of Aging on Health 1 Changing Demographics of the American Population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Stephanie Gordy and Donald Trunkey 2 Cardiovascular Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Jason P. Farrah, R. Shayn Martin, and Michael C. Chang 3 Pulmonary Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Vincente H. Gracias and Marissa De Freese (Delgado) 4 Renal Function in the Elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Dirk C. Johnson and Lewis J. Kaplan 5 Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Healing in the Elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 David G. Greenhalgh 6 Immunologic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Jeffrey A. Claridge and Aman Banerjee 7 Hematologic Changes with Aging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Peter E. Fischer, Thomas G. DeLoughery, and Martin A. Schreiber 8 Geriatric Psychology and the Injured Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Robert D. Barraco, Anne M. Yawman, and Joshua Gish 9 Health-Care Economics and the Impact of Aging on Rising Health-Care Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Preston B. Rich and Sasha D. Adams 10 Operative Risk Stratifi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Gary T. Marshall and Andrew B. Peitzman Part II Surgical Emergencies in the Elderly 11 Appendicitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Michael F. Ditillo and Kimberly A. Davis 12 Biliary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Ali Salim and Marko Bukur 13 Diverticulitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Frederick Moore and Chasen A. Croft 14 Intestinal Obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Andrew H. Stephen, Charles A. Adams Jr., and William G. Cioffi vii viii Contents 15 Intestinal Hemorrhage in the Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Todd W. Costantini, Leslie M. Kobayashi, and Raul Coimbra 16 Acute Abdomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Ronald M. Jou and David Spain 17 Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 D.Dante Yeh and George Velmahos 18 Acute Vascular Insuffi ciency in the Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Michael J. Sise 19 Thoracic Diseases in the Elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Matthew V. Benns and J. David Richardson Part III Traumatic Injury in the Elderly 20 Epidemiology of Injury in the Elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Patrick M. Reilly and Nicole J. Krumrei 21 Geriatric Trauma and Injury Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Syed Nabeel Zafar, Edward E. Cornwell III, and Wendy R. Greene 22 Outcomes for Surgical Care in the Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Cathy A. Maxwell, Erin L. Rader, and William F. Fallon Jr. 23 Geriatric Neurotrauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Jack Wilberger and Diana J. Jho 24 Chest Wall Injury. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Eileen M. Bulger 25 Thoracic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Robert K. Parker and David T. Harrington 26 Pelvic Fracture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Sharon M. Henry 27 Extremity Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Scott P. Ryan, Olivia Kates, and Charles Cassidy 28 Penetrating Injury in the Elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Nicholas Melo, Kenji Inaba, and Demetrios Demetriades 29 Critical Care Epidemiology and Outcomes/Resource Use in the Elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Samantha L. Tarras and Lena M. Napolitano 30 Cardiovascular/Invasive Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Jay Menaker and Thomas M. Scalea Part IV Critical Care Management of the Elderly Patient 31 Pulmonary Critical Care and Mechanical Ventilation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Stephanie R. Goldberg and Ajai K. Malhotra 32 Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Sudha P. Jayaraman and Zara R. Cooper Contents ix 33 Nutrition Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Robert D. Barraco, Michael D. Pasquale, and Ryan A. Lawless 34 Pharmacology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Wendy L. Wahl and James T. Miller 35 Rehabilitation Concerns in Geriatric Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 Nancey Trevanian Tsai and Samir M. Fakhry 36 End-of-Life Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 Karen J. Brasel and Travis P. Webb 37 Ethics in Geriatric Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 Anastasia Kunac and Anne C. Mosenthal Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
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