Geothermal Systems and Energy Resources: Turkey and Greece

336 Pages·2014·14.05 MB·English

by  Alper Baba

7 Series: Sustainable Energy Developments 7
In the region comprising Turkey and Greece, people have been using water from geothermal B
a
sources for bathing and washing of clothes since ancient times. This region falls within the b
a
Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt and hence is a locus of active volcanism and tectonism and , B
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experiences frequent seismic events. This volcanic and tectonic activity has given rise to over n
d
1500 geothermal springs. Its importance was recognized decades ago and the geothermal sc
h
water is now being utilized for district heating, industrial processing, domestic water supply, u
h
balneology and electric power generation. The geothermal potential in this region is large. In , C
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Turkey alone it is estimated to be more than 31500 MWt while the proven potential is 4078 MWt. a
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At present 2084 MWt is being utilized for direct applications in Turkey and 135 MWt in Greece. d
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In Turkey electricity is produced for 166 MW installed capacity, whereas in Greece geothermal s
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energy is presently not used for electricity production despite its potential. kh
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This book discusses the geochemical evolution of the thermal waters and thermal gases in terms ra
m
of the current volcano-tectonic setting and associated geological framework that makes the
region very important to the geothermal scientifi c community. The book explains, in a didactic
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way, the possible applications, depending on local conditions and scales, and it presents new and e
o
stimulating ideas for future developments of this renewable energy source. Additionally, the book t
h
discusses the role(s) of possible physicochemical processes in deep hydrothermal systems, the e
r
volatile provenance and relative contributions of mantle and crustal components to total volatile m
inventories. It provides the reader with a thorough understanding of the geothermal systems a
l

of this region and identifi es the most suitable solutions for specifi c tasks and needs elsewhere S
y
in the world. It is the fi rst time that abundant information and data from this region, obtained s
t
e
from intensive research during the last few decades, is unveiled to the international geothermal m
community. Thus, an international readership, in the professional and academic sectors, as well s

as in key institutions that deal with geothermal energy, will benefi t from the knowledge from a
n
geothermal research and experiences obtained from the Aegean Region. d

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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTS – VOLUME 7 ISSN 2164-0645 e Geothermal Systems and Energy
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y
The book series addresses novel techniques and measures related to sustainable energy R
developments with an interdisciplinary focus that cuts across all fi elds of science, engineering e Resources: Turkey and Greece
s
and technology linking renewable energy and other sustainable materials with human society. It o
u
addresses renewable energy sources and sustainable policy options, including energy effi ciency rc
e
and energy conservation to provide long-term solutions for key-problems of industrialized, s
:
developing and transition countries by fostering clean and domestically available energy and, T
u
concurrently, decreasing dependence on fossil fuel imports and reducing greenhouse gas r
k
emissions. Possible applications will be addressed not only from a technical point of view, but e
y
also from economic, fi nancial, social, political, legislative and regulatory viewpoints. The book
a
series aims to become a state-of-the-art source for a large group of readers comprising different n
d
stakeholders and professionals, including government and non-governmental organizations and
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institutions, international funding agencies, universities, public health and energy institutions, r
e
and other relevant institutions. e
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e
Editors: Alper Baba, Jochen Bundschuh, D. Chandrasekharam
SERIES EDITOR: Jochen Bundschuh
an informa business
GEOTHERMALSYSTEMSANDENERGYRESOURCES–
TURKEYANDGREECE
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Sustainable Energy Developments
Series Editor
Jochen Bundschuh
UniversityofSouthernQueensland(USQ),Toowoomba,Australia
RoyalInstituteofTechnology(KTH),Stockholm,Sweden
ISSN:2164-0645
Volume 7
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Geothermal Systems and Energy
Resources
Turkey and Greece
Editors
AlperBaba
GeothermalEnergyResearchandApplicationCenter,IzmirInstituteofTechnology,
Izmir,Turkey
JochenBundschuh
UniversityofSouthernQueensland(USQ),Toowoomba,Australia
RoyalInstituteofTechnology(KTH),Stockholm,Sweden
D.Chandrasekaram
DepartmentofEarthSciences,IndianInstituteofTechnology,Bombay,India
Coverphoto
TuzlageothermalpowerplantinwesternTurkey(photo:AlperBaba)
CRCPress/BalkemaisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
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Publishedby: CRCPress/Balkema
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ISBN:978-1-138-00109-1(Hardback)
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About the book series
Renewableenergysourcesandsustainablepolicies,includingthepromotionofenergyefficiency
andenergyconservation, offersubstantiallong-termbenefitstoindustrialized, developingand
transitionalcountries.Theyprovideaccesstocleananddomesticallyavailableenergyandleadto
adecreaseddependenceonfossilfuelimports,andareductioningreenhousegasemissions.
Replacingfossilfuelswithrenewableresourcesaffordsasolutiontotheincreasedscarcityand
priceoffossilfuels.Additionallyithelpstoreduceanthropogenicemissionofgreenhousegases
andtheirimpactsonclimatechange.Intheenergysector,fossilfuelscanbereplacedbyrenewable
energysources.Inthechemistrysector,petroleumchemistrycanbereplacedbysustainableor
greenchemistry.Inagriculture,sustainablemethodscanbeusedthatenablesoilstoactascarbon
dioxidesinks.Intheconstructionsector,sustainablebuildingpracticeandgreenconstructioncan
beused,replacingforexamplesteel-enforcedconcretebytextile-reinforcedconcrete.Research
anddevelopmentandcapitalinvestmentsinallthesesectorswillnotonlycontributetoclimate
protectionbutwillalsostimulateeconomicgrowthandcreatemillionsofnewjobs.
This book series will serve as a multi-disciplinary resource. It links the use of renewable
energyandrenewablerawmaterials,suchassustainablygrownplants,withtheneedsofhuman
society.Theseriesaddressestherapidlygrowingworldwideinterestinsustainablesolutions.These
solutionsfosterdevelopmentandeconomicgrowthwhileprovidingasecuresupplyofenergy.
Theymakesocietylessdependentonpetroleumbysubstitutingalternativecompoundsforfossil-
fuel-based goods. All these contribute to minimize our impacts on climate change. The series
covers all fields of renewable energy sources and materials. It addresses possible applications
notonlyfromatechnicalpointofview, butalsofromeconomic, financial, socialandpolitical
viewpoints.Legislativeandregulatoryaspects,keyissuesforimplementingsustainablemeasures,
areofparticularinterest.
Thisbookseriesaimstobecomeastate-of-the-artresourceforabroadgroupofreadersinclud-
ingadiversityofstakeholdersandprofessionals.Readerswillincludemembersofgovernmental
andnon-governmentalorganizations,internationalfundingagencies,universities,publicenergy
institutions,therenewableindustrysector,thegreenchemistrysector,organicfarmersandfarm-
ingindustry,publichealthandotherrelevantinstitutions,andthebroaderpublic.Itisdesigned
toincreaseawarenessandunderstandingofrenewableenergysourcesandtheuseofsustainable
materials.Italsoaimstoacceleratetheirdevelopmentanddeploymentworldwide,bringingtheir
use into the mainstream over the next few decades while systematically replacing fossil and
nuclearfuels.
The objective of this book series is to focus on practical solutions in the implementation of
sustainableenergyandclimateprotectionprojects.Notmovingforwardwiththeseeffortscould
haveserioussocialandeconomicimpacts.Thisbookserieswillhelptoconsolidateinternational
findings on sustainable solutions. It includes books authored and edited by world-renowned
scientists and engineers and by leading authorities in economics and politics. It will provide a
valuablereferenceworktohelpsurmountourexistingglobalchallenges.
JochenBundschuh
(SeriesEditor)
vii
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Editorial board
MorganBazilian DeputyDirector,InstituteforStrategicEnergyAnalysis(JISEA),
NationalRenewableEnergyLab(NREL),Golden,CO,USA,
[email protected]
RobertK.Dixon Leader,ClimateandChemicals,TheGlobalEnvironmentFacility,
TheWorldBankGroup,Washington,DC,USA,[email protected]
MariadaGraçaCarvalho MemberoftheEuropeanParliament,Brussels&Professor
atInstitutoSuperiorTécnico,TechnicalUniversityofLisbon,
Portugal,[email protected],
[email protected]
RainerHinrichs-Rahlwes President of the European Renewable Energy Council (EREC),
PresidentoftheEuropeanRenewableEnergiesFederation(EREF),
Brussels,Belgium;BoardMemberoftheGermanRenewableEnergy
Federation(BEE),Berlin,Germany,[email protected]
EricMartinot SeniorResearchDirector,InstituteforSustainableEnergyPolicies
(ISEP),Nakano,Tokyo&TsinghuaUniversity,Tsinghua-BPClean
EnergyResearchandEducationCenter,Beijing,China,
[email protected],[email protected]
VeenaJoshi SeniorAdvisor-Energy,SectionClimateChangeandDevelopment,
EmbassyofSwitzerland,NewDelhi,India,[email protected]
ChristineMilne LeaderoftheAustralianGreensParty,SenatorforTasmania,
ParliamentHouse,Canberra,ACT&Hobart,TAS,Australia
ADVISORYEDITORIALBOARD
ALGERIA
HaceneMahmoudi(renewableenergyfordesalinationandwatertreatment),Facultyof
Sciences,HassibaBenBoualiUniversity,Chlef
ARGENTINA
MartaIreneLitter(advancedoxidationtechnologies,heterogeneousphotocatalysis),
GerenciaQuímica,ComisiónNacionaldeEnergíaAtómica,SanMartín,Prov.deBuenos
Aires,Argentina&ConsejoNacionaldeInvestigacionesCientíficasyTécnicas,Buenos
Aires,Argentina&InstitutodeInvestigacióneIngenieríaAmbiental,UniversidaddeGeneral
SanMartín,Prov.deBuenosAires
AUSTRALIA
ThomasBanhazi(biologicalagriculture;sustainablefarming,agriculturesustainableenergy
solutions),NationalCentreofEngineeringinAgriculture,UniversityofSouthern
Queensland,Toowoomba,QLD
ix