Geotechnics for Natural and Engineered Sustainable Technologies PDF
Preview Geotechnics for Natural and Engineered Sustainable Technologies
Developments in Geotechnical Engineering A. Murali Krishna Arindam Dey Editors S. Sreedeep Geotechnics for Natural and Engineered Sustainable Technologies GeoNEst Developments in Geotechnical Engineering Series editors Braja M. Das, Henderson, USA Nagaratnam Sivakugan, Townsville, Australia ThisseriesonGeotechnicalEngineeringhasbeeninitiatedtoprovideanintegrated platform for publishing in all areas of geotechnics and their applications to engineering problems. The series focuses on the topics that have garnered recent interest from a large research audience, including, butnot limited to, saturated and unsaturated soils, expansive soils, geosynthetics, marine geotechnics, and soil improvement. This series includes monographs, textbooks, and references in the general area of Geotechnical Engineering. The books in this series will serve researchers, practitioners, and students alike. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13410 A. Murali Krishna Arindam Dey (cid:129) S. Sreedeep Editors Geotechnics for Natural and Engineered Sustainable Technologies GeoNEst 123 Editors A.Murali Krishna S. Sreedeep Department ofCivil Engineering Department ofCivil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati, Assam Guwahati, Assam India India ArindamDey Department ofCivil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati, Assam India ISSN 2364-5156 ISSN 2364-5164 (electronic) Developments inGeotechnical Engineering ISBN978-981-10-7720-3 ISBN978-981-10-7721-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7721-0 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017962052 ©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:152BeachRoad,#21-01/04GatewayEast,Singapore189721,Singapore Foreword Since the advent of soil mechanics as a separate discipline in Civil Engineering (through the contribution of Terzaghi on effective stress concept), more and more phenomena have come to light which could not be explained by the basic laws of mechanicsandhydraulics.Greaterindustrializationhasledtolanduseirrespective ofitssuitability.Therefore,differentgroundimprovementtechniqueshaveevolved, resulting in the development of several techniques of handling soils for desired purposes. One of the major areas of a rapid development is Environmental Geotechnique and other similar subjects of practical significance. The Indian Geotechnical Society as part of their regular activity has been organizing regularly annual conferences since 1960 with the first Asian Regional Conference, organized at New Delhi. Different local chapters of IGS have taken responsibility of organizing the annual conferences every year in the month of December without fail. One such annual conference is being organized by the Guwahati Chapter this year (2017). The organizing committee has deliberately chosen the theme topics such as Geoenvironmental Engineering, Ground Improvement Techniques, Soil Dynamics andEarthquakeEngineering,BehaviourofUnsaturatedSoils,Geohydrology,Dam and Embankment Engineering, Rock Mechanics, Tunnelling and Underground Structures, Uncertainties Risk and Reliability in Geotechnical Engineering, Transportation Geotechnique, Computational Geomechanics and Geotechnical Modelling, Marine Geotechnique, Geosynthetic Engineering, along with conven- tional topics such as Earth-Retaining Structures, Slope Stability, Foundations in Difficult Soils and Geotechnical and Geophysical Investigations. It is heartening to note that significant contributions have been received on all the topics and are being brought out as a Springer Publication during the con- ference with all the keynote and subtheme contributions. v vi Foreword The book “Geotechnics for Natural and Engineered Sustainable Technologies: GeoNEst” is being brought out as Springer book series “Developments in Geotechnical Engineering” (Eds: A. Murali Krishna, Arindam Dey and S. Sreedeep). This book will be a useful reference material for both postgraduate courses and further research programmes. Bangalore, India A. Sridharan, Ph.D. (Purdue), DSc (IISc) President, IGS, 1997 and 1998, Formerly Professor of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Foreword from the IGS President The edited volume on “Geotechnics for Natural and Engineered Sustainable Technologies:GeoNEst”isanoutcomeoftheIndianGeotechnicalConferenceheld intheIndianInstituteofTechnologyGuwahatiduring14–16December2017.The compilation has excellent contributions in the areas of subsurface investigations, modellingofsoilstructureinteractions,useofEPSfoamtoreducelateralpressures, comprehensive characterization of municipal solid waste, unsaturated soils, cracks andfracturesinrocks,retrofittingofstructures,failureanalysisoflandfills,studyof groundmotionsforintra-plateregionsforearthquakeresistantdesign,uncertainties in site characterization using surface wave techniques and their effects on ground response, impact of flooding on highways, framework for sustainability and resi- dence in geotechnical engineering, case studies on offshore geotechnics, forensic study on the causes of failure of stone columns, runout of flow landslides and geocell applications. Thecontributionsaretimelyandaddresscontemporaryissuesandchallengesin geotechnical engineering. I congratulate the authors of articles and editors of the volumefortheirinitiativeinbringingaveryusefulcontributiontothegeotechnical engineering practice. Bangalore, India Prof. G. L. Siva Kumar Babu President, Indian Geotechnical Society Professor, Indian Institute of Science vii Editorial Preface In the recent decades, India has experienced tremendous boom towards urbaniza- tion resulting in a rapid change in the socio-economic structure of the country. In ordertocatertheneedsofmillions,engineeringsectorhasbeenflourishingbeyond its limits. The need for the development has long crossed the metropolitan city limitsandhastransgressedinthedifficultterrainsofthecountry.Asaconsequence, natural and engineered technologies are continually evolving in research and practiceleadingtoopeningupofseveralnewvistasofimplementation,application anddevelopment.However,theneedforthehourisnotonlytoquicklyprovidethe short-term supplies and solutions, but also to present long-term sustainable solu- tions to enhance the performance life of the adopted developmental solutions. In this regard, it is also important to focus on the culminating natural and anthro- pogenic disasters and develop procedures to minimize them. Since almost a hefty share of such disasters involve the geomaterials such as soils, rocks and the present-day advanced composite materials, it is immensely important to visit the domain of geotechnical engineering with a critical emphasis given to the sustain- able approaches to natural and engineered geotechnical technologies. This thought avenues have brewed the concept of Geotechnics for Natural and Engineered Sustainable Technologies (GeoNEst) to be taken up as the theme of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2017 (IGC-2017). In this regard, the basic concept is presented as a congregation of several subthemes, each of which is targeted to a specific and important issue of geotechnical engineering research and practice. This book titled Geotechnics for Natural and Engineered Sustainable Technologies(GeoNEst)isthecongregationoftheexpertdeliberationsmadeatthe Indian Geotechnical Conference 2017 (IGC-2017) held on 14–17 December 2017 at IIT Guwahati, India. A total of 29 eminent researchers and practitioners con- tributed to the fortification of the current state of the art and practice, thus paving the avenues towards the future research in the purview of the theme of the con- ferenceanditsvariouscrucialsubthemes.Thebookisorchestratedwith29chapters describing various vistas of natural and engineered sustainable geotechnical engi- neering technologies. ix x EditorialPreface Chapter “Addressing Sustainable Technologies in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering” addresses the theme of the conference in describing the sustainability issues of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engi- neering problems and their contribution to the climate change and global envi- ronmentalimpactsduetotheusageofasubstantialamountofmaterialandenergy. Chapter “Geotechnics of Soft Ground” elucidates the geotechnical characteristics and behaviour of soft ground which are commonly improved by preloading accompanied by prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) or load-displacement piles. Chapter “Soil–Structure Interaction Analysis of Pile Foundations Subjected to Dynamic Loads” explains the dynamic soil–structure interaction (SSI) analysis of pile-supported structures. Dynamic response of single and group piles, embeddedinclaysoilhavingvaryingconsistencies,hasbeenexplainedwiththeaid ofsophisticatedfiniteelementanalyses.Chapter“CascadedRecycleofWasteTires —Some Novel Approaches Toward Sustainable Geo-Construction and Climate Change Adaptation” describes a novel approach towards sustainable geotechnical engineeringthroughtheusageandapplicationofrecycledwastetyresforvarious disaster mitigation techniques. Experience of such approach adopted in Japan shares the benefit of using tyre-derived materials towards sustainable geotechnical applications. Chapter “Static and Seismic Slope Safety Displacement-Based Criterion for Seismic Analysis” describes the application of displacement-based criterion to ascertain the static and seismic slope safety. The intricate description provides a basis for better approach to understanding the development of critical mechanismsandpost-seismicdamageincurredintheslopesduetoaseismicevent. Chapter “On the Use of Scaled Model Tests for Analysis and Design of Offshore WindTurbines”describestheapplicationofscaledmodeltestsfortheanalysisand design of offshore wind turbines. The challenges in designing such foundations are described, and in this regard, the rationale for conducting scaled model tests is provided. Scaling issues are discussed in lieu of proposing a methodology to scale the model tests for predicting the long-term consequences form the prototypes. Chapter “Modeling and Behavior of Geosynthetics-Reinforced Foundation” effi- ciently describes the importance of geosynthetic-reinforced foundations and providesatreatiseonthemodellingandbehaviourofsuchfoundationsystems.The state-of-the-art development of the analytical techniques commonly used to delin- eate the behaviour of such foundations based on lumped parameter modelling is presented. Chapter “Image-Based Characterization Techniques for Geotechnical Applications” presents the advanced image-based characterization techniques utilizing the sophisticated digital technologies for geotechnical characterization. The importance and benefit of such techniques are illustrated through various applications. Chapter “Geotechnical Challenges in Tunnelling Through Weak Rocks” details the challenges associated with tunnelling in weak rocks involving tunnel insta- bility, rock mass yielding and excessive deformation resulting out of squeezing
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