Volume 1 Volume 1 Site characterization is a fundamental step towards the proper design, construction and long term performance of all types of geotechnical projects, ranging from foundation, excavation, earth dams, Geotechnical and Geotechnical and Geophysical embankments, seismic hazards, environmental issues, tunnels, near and offshore structures. The Fourth International Conference on Site Characterization (ISC-4) was held in Porto de Galinhas, Geophysical Site Pernambuco, Brazil, from 17 to 21 September 2012, under the responsibility of TC-102/TC-16 Site Characterization 4 Characterization 4 on In-Situ Testing of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE), the Brazilian Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ABMS), and the Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil (UFPE). Financial support of ISC-4 was provided by the Brazilian National Science and Education Councils (CNPq and CAPES), sponsors and exhibitors and other organizations and companies. The fourth conference followed the successful series of international conferences held in Atlanta (ISC-1, 1998), Porto (ISC-2, 2004), and Taipei (ISC-3, 2008). ISC-4 congregated several researchers, geotechnical engineers, and practitioners from all over the world involved with the conference general themes, namely practical application of novel and innovative technologies in geotechnical and geophysical engineering, along with their interpretation and utilization for the purposes of site characterization. The two volumes making up Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization 4 contain 8 keynote Lectures prepared by experts in the field, including the 5th James K. Mitchell Lecture presented by Dr. Peter K. Robertson, and 4 Workshop Lectures and 217 technical papers from 40 different countries. The books are divided into 11 general themes: 1. Direct-push and Borehole-type in-situ test; 2. Development of new equipment and methods; 3. New approaches for interpreting data; 4. Applications to shallow and deep foundations; 5. Special uses of in-situ tests; 6. Site investigation for infrastructure projects; 7. Geophysical; 8. Seismic ground hazards; 9. Investigation in very soft to extremely soft soils; 10. Non-textbook type geomaterials; 11. Environmental geotechnics. EDITORS EDITORS: COUTINHO ROBERTO QUENTAL COUTINHO Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization 4 will be much of interest to academics, engineers and professionals involved in Geotechnical Engineering. MAYNE PAUL W. MAYNE an informa business GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL SITE CHARACTERIZATION 4 CCOOUUNNTTIINNHHOO__VVooll 11..iinnddbb ii 88//1133//22001122 55::2299::1188 PPMM CCOOUUNNTTIINNHHOO__VVooll 11..iinnddbb iiii 88//1133//22001122 55::2299::2211 PPMM PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SITE CHARACTERIZATION ISC-4, PORTO DE GALINHAS – PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL, 17–21 SEPTEMBER 2012 Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization 4 Editors Roberto Quental Coutinho Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil Paul W. Mayne School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA VOLUME I CCOOUUNNTTIINNHHOO__VVooll 11..iinnddbb iiiiii 88//1133//22001122 55::2299::2211 PPMM CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20121207 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-8418-1 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization 4 – Coutinho & Mayne (eds) © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-62136-6 Table of contents Introduction xxvii VOLUME 1 Keynote lectures The James K. Mitchell Lecture: Interpretation of in-situ tests—some insights 3 P.K. Robertson Variable penetration rate cone testing for characterization of intermediate soils 25 J.T. DeJong, R.A. Jaeger, R.W. Boulanger, M.F. Randolph & D.A.J. Wahl Combined use of geophysical methods in site characterization 43 S. Foti Relating foundation capacity in sands to CPT qc 63 B.M. Lehane Site characterization in nearshore and offshore geotechnical projects 83 J. Peuchen Beyond coefficient of variation for statistical characterization of geotechnical parameters 113 K.K. Phoon & J. Ching The mechanics of cone penetration: Contributions from experimental and theoretical studies 131 R. Salgado Workshop lectures Aspects on soil investigation for embankments on soft soil 157 D.A. Kort The detection of hidden shear zones in clay: A relevant issue in landslide hazard assessment 167 L. Picarelli, L. Comegna, P. Tommasi & G. Urciuoli Application of in situ testing in tailing dams, emphasis on liquefaction: Case-history 181 A.V. da Fonseca Session report & papers technical session 1 Direct-push in-situ test – Theme 1 – Technical Session 1 In situ evaluation of relative density from piezocone penetration tests of clean sand from China 207 G.-J. Cai, S.-Y. Liu, Y. Cheng, Hai-feng Zou, G.-Y. Du, Bei-bei Ren & A.J. Puppala Cyclic sleeve friction test for the design of piles under cyclic loading 213 P. Reiffsteck, A. Puech, S. Po, F. Pilnière & J. Gaschet Centrifuge modelling of CPT in layered soils 219 P.Q. Mo, A.M. Marshall & H.-S. Yu v CCOOUUNNTTIINNHHOO__VVooll 11..iinnddbb vv 88//1133//22001122 55::2299::2233 PPMM Interpretation of consolidation parameters from CPTU results in sensitive clays 227 A. Bihs, S. Nordal, N. Boylan & M. Long Using CPT for management of filling work 235 H. Tanaka, T. Oka & T. Sakaiya Use of CPTU and SDMT to characterise silty soil 241 R. Carroll, M. Long & D. Ward SPT hammer motion and its effect on impact energy 251 C. Lee, S. An, W. Woo & W. Lee Discrete element modelling of cone penetration tests in granular materials 257 O. Falagush, G. McDowell & H.-S. Yu Piezocone sleeve friction setup in low plasticity clays of Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA 263 J.N. Hotstream & J.A. Schneider Application of piezocone tests in the determination of non-hydrostatic distribution of water pressure in mine tailings profiles 269 W. Tschuschke, M. Kroll & M. Walczak Impact of effective area ratio assumption on PCPT-based soil classification 275 Y. Hatipkarasulu & M.T. Tümay Stress history of Venice Lagoon sands from DMT and CPTU 283 P. Monaco, S. Amoroso, D. Marchetti, G. Totani, S. Cola & P. Simonini CPTU and DMT for estimating soil unit weight of Lake Bonneville clay 291 A.T. Ozer, S.F. Bartlett & E.C. Lawton 2 Direct-push in-situ test – T1 – TS4 Session report: Direct push-in in situ test 299 Z. Młynarek A comparative study of soil-rock total sounding and CPTu in glacial deposits 313 G. Nilsson & H. Löfroth Measurements of energy and dynamic force using instrumented SPT in a soil profile and wave propagation analysis 319 V.H. Restrepo, J.A. Rodríguez & E.P. Nicolas CPTs executed in difficult conditions using CPTWD (Cone Penetration Test While Drilling) and its future developments 329 M. Sacchetto & A. Trevisan The seismic SPT to determine the maximum shear modulus 337 R.A.A. Pedrini & H.L. Giacheti In-situ evaluation of compressibility for normally consolidated clays using PCPT 343 J.S. Lee, D. Park & D. Kyung Comparison of predicted embankment settlement from piezocone penetration test with field measurement and laboratory estimated 349 M. Abu-Farsakh & X. Yu Evaluation of deep sand unit weight estimated from CPT 357 V.K. Singh & S.G. Chung Behavior of the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) in sandy deposits 365 N.T. Dung & S.G. Chung Experiences in the use of DMT—SDMT in Costa Rica, Central America 375 L.A. Vargas & M. Coto-Loría Secondary compression of Venice Lagoon sands and silts from CPTU 383 S. Bersan, S. Cola, P. Simonini, G. Gottardi & L. Tonni vi CCOOUUNNTTIINNHHOO__VVooll 11..iinnddbb vvii 88//1133//22001122 55::2299::2233 PPMM Energy ratio of SPT practice performed in Thailand 391 S. Yimsiri Measuring energy in dynamic probing 399 S.J. Ibáñez, C. Sagaseta & V. López Piezocone testing for use in the classification of soil behavior and flow characteristics: An experience carried out in Suape, Pernambuco 405 M.I.M.C.V. Bello & R.Q. Coutinho Site characterisation by in situ and laboratory tests of the sea bed in the Genova Harbour, Italy 415 A. Cavallaro, S. Grasso, M. Maugeri & E. Motta 3 Geotechnical profiling and measurement of soil stiffness – T1 – TS7 Session report: Geotechnical profiling and “in situ” measurement of soil stiffness 425 M. Arroyo Experimental study of drilling parameters using a test embankment 435 G. Laudanski, P. Reiffsteck, J.-L. Tacita, G. Desanneaux & J. Benoît Determination of soil stiffness parameters using in-situ seismic methods-insight in repeatability and methodological aspects 441 T. Godlewski & T. Szczepański Determining G-γ decay curves in sand from a Seismic Dilatometer Test (SDMT) 447 S. Amoroso, B.M. Lehane & M. Fahey Two in one: Parallel seismic for foundation length determination and downhole seismic for soil properties using a single borehole 453 E. Niederleithinger Geotechnical and geophysical characterization of a pile test site in post-glacial soil 459 E. Niederleithinger, M. Baessler, M. Herten, M. Rumpf & J. Tronicke Building a robust geological model to support geotechnical analysis 465 M.A. Tutton, R. David, G.E. Meyer, P.M. Rao & C.A. Waterton Determination of hydraulic conductivity from piezocone tests 475 Q. Wang, L. Tong, S. Liu & Q. Wang Site characterization by Seismic Dilatometer (SDMT) in the area of L’Aquila following the April 6, 2009 earthquake 481 S. Amoroso, P. Monaco, F. Totani, G. Totani & D. Marchetti Use of the Seismic Dilatometer (SDMT) to estimate in situ G-γ decay curves in various soil types 489 S. Amoroso, P. Monaco & D. Marchetti Characterization of soft glacial soils: A tricky business 499 W. Steiner In situ characterization of the Saint-Jude landslide, Quebec, Canada 507 A. Locat, S. Leroueil, P. Locat, D. Demers, D. Robitaille & G. Lefebvre The ability of in situ tests to detect the soil region affected by an embankment on soft clay 515 G.M.F. Jannuzzi, F.A.B. Danziger, I.S.M. Martins & G.V.M. Guimarães Continuous SCPT signal enhancement by identifying, quantifying and extracting frequency anomalies within statistically describable background noise 523 E. Baziw & G. Verbeek Wireless in geotechnical engineering: A CPTUwl prototype 531 J.B. Martins, A.G. Correia, A. Teixeira & P.M. Mendes vii CCOOUUNNTTIINNHHOO__VVooll 11..iinnddbb vviiii 88//1133//22001122 55::2299::2233 PPMM 4 Development of new equipment and methods – T2 – TS3 Session report: Development of new equipment and methods 539 J.A. Howie Profiling hydraulic conductivity in situ 545 A.C. Larrabee, J. Benoît & P. Reiffsteck A feasibility study of Standard Penetration Test with Torque measurement (SPT-T) in Iran 553 A. Heydarzadeh, A. Fakher & M. Moradi A push-in earth pressure cell for estimating soil properties 561 A.J. Lutenegger The design, development and application of a new DMT 565 R. Colcott & B.M. Lehane Effects of time dependency on earth pressure measurements taken by inclinodeformometer 571 M.V. Schwager, P.W. Oberender & A.M. Puzrin Detection of ground movements using soil-embedded distributed fiber optic sensors 579 D. Hauswirth, M. Iten & A.M. Puzrin High yield electrical prospection for characterization of soil 587 O. Guerrero, J.F. Lataste & A. Marache Piezoball testing in soft lake sediments 597 C. Colreavy, C.D. O’Loughlin & D. Ward The Geomechameter, an in-situ apparatus adapted to the suffusion measurement 603 J. Monnet Determination of axial resistance of deep foundations using torque penetrometer test 609 N.W. Wainaina, D.G. Li, M.A. Wang, N.R. Boyette & G.C. Bodenheimer Development and application of cone resistivity penetrometer 617 H.K. Yoon, Y.M. Kim, Y.H. Byun & J.S. Lee A new coring method: Controlled penetration speed 623 M. Magagnoli Cyclic multi-piezo-friction sleeve penetrometer testing for liquefaction assessment 629 J.D. Frost, A. Martínez & G.L. Hebeler An innovative low-cost SDMT marine investigation for the evaluation of the liquefaction potential in the Genova Harbour, Italy 637 A. Cavallaro, S. Grasso, M. Maugeri & E. Motta Some considerations about SOA-1 summary (Alexandria 2009) 645 G. Togliani A submersible drill rig for coring soils and rocks 653 M. Devincenzi, N.P. García, K. Samoili & M. Arroyo 5 Development of new equipment and methods – T2 – TS6 Session report: Applications of shear wave velocity on various geotechnical problems 661 D.-S. Kim, J.-U. Youn & H.-J. Park Settlement calculation and back-analysis of soil properties for a test embankment on a soft clay ground improved by PVD and vacuum-assisted preloading at a site in Vung Tau, Vietnam 675 N.D. Quang, S.M. Dang & T.H. Seah A local geological-geotechnical classification for preliminary characterization of coarse grain alluviums 685 A. Cheshomi & A. Fakher Comparative analysis of methodics of testing pile by ASTM and GOST standards 695 A.Zh. Zhussupbekov, A.S. Tulebekova, R. Lukpanov & T. Muzdybayeva viii CCOOUUNNTTIINNHHOO__VVooll 11..iinnddbb vviiiiii 88//1133//22001122 55::2299::2233 PPMM Behaviour of reinforced beach sand under the effect of rapid impact loading 701 F. Daliri & A.K. Khaniki Shear wave velocity via inversion of full waveforms 709 K.T. Tran & D.R. Hiltunen Quality assessment of soil-cement column using electrical resistivity 717 M.J. Arai, M. Fujii, K. Watanabe & K. Cholho The use of trench cutter for diaphragm walls in urban applications and cut off walls in challenging ground conditions 723 F.-W. Gerressen Profiling subsurface stratigraphy using torque measurements from installation of a helical plate 731 A.J. Lutenegger & G.L. Seider A new Swedish large-diameter sampler for soft and sensitive clays 737 R. Larsson, H. Åhnberg & H. Löfroth On the use of penetration tests and geophysical methods for mapping of quick clay deposits 743 R. Larsson & K. Lundström A probabilistic method to assess the subsurface erosion of non-cohesive soils 749 B. Zakizadeh, O. Naeeni & A. Fakher Geotechnical site characterisation for future Superporto Do Açu, Brazil 757 R.G. Escoubès, M. Devincenzi & S. Peña Characterization of the susceptibility of the soils to internal erosion 765 J. Monnet, O. Plé, D.M. Nguyen & P. Plotto Soil improvement using electro-osmotic chemical treatment with harmonic waves 771 S.-C. Chien, C.-Y. Ou & F.-C. Teng An experimental study to understand the creeping displacement behavior of landslides soils in residual-state of shear 777 A.D.R. Bhat, R.C. Tiwari, B.N.P. Bhandary & R. Yatabe Effects of curing time on the tensile characteristics of lightly stabilized granular base materials 783 D.K. Paul & C.T. Gnanendran 6 New approaches for interpreting data – T3 – TS9 Session report: New approaches for interpreting testing data 791 F. Schnaid Unified interpretation approach applied to a CPTU based project 799 S. Rios & A.V. da Fonseca Effect of penetration rate on piezocone parameters in two silty deposits 809 Y. Suzuki, B.M. Lehane & A. Fourie 3D DEM simulations of CPT in sand 817 J. Butlanska, M. Arroyo & A. Gens Prediction of bearing capacity from steel piles using dynamic energy transfer measurements 825 M.J. Langone & F. Schnaid Investigation on inherent variability of soil properties from cone penetration test 831 R.J. Chenari, M.S. Seyedein, S. Faraji & A.E. Kenarsari Comparative study of the SPT penetration resistance measured in two seasons in a tropical soil 837 S.F. Marchezini, R.P. Cunha & W. Conciani Effects of data smoothing and reduction on CPT-based probabilistic soil classification 843 M.T. Tümay & Y. Hatipkarasulu ix CCOOUUNNTTIINNHHOO__VVooll 11..iinnddbb iixx 88//1133//22001122 55::2299::2233 PPMM
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