Geostatistical and Geospatial Approaches for the Characterization of Natural Resources in the Environment: Challenges, Processes and Strategies

900 Pages·2016·27.91 MB·English

Editor
N. Janardhana Raju
Geostatistical and
Geospatial Approaches
for the Characterization
of Natural Resources in
the Environment
Challenges, Processes and Strategies
Geostatistical and Geospatial Approaches
for the Characterization of Natural Resources
in the Environment

N. Janardhana Raju
Editor
Geostatistical and
Geospatial Approaches
for the Characterization
of Natural Resources
in the Environment
Challenges, Processes and Strategies
Editor
N.JanardhanaRaju
SchoolofEnvironmentalSciences
JawaharlalNehruUniversity
NewDelhi,India
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Welcome Message for IAMG2014 Participants
in New Delhi
Goodmorningeveryone,ladiesandgentlemen,dearfriends,
On behalf of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences
(IAMG), I would like to extend my warmest welcome to all participants of this
conference!IsincerelycongratulateandthankProfessorN.J.Raju,theChairofthe
conferenceandhislocalorganizingcommitteeforhostingthisevent.Ialsowantto
thank the Ministry of Earth Sciences, J. Nehru University of India, the School of
EnvironmentalSciences,andmanyotherorganizationsfortheirgeneroussupport.
I should give special thanks to Dr Raju and the visa offices, both in Toronto and
Beijing,forthebighelpongettingmyvisaontimetocometoIndiatwicethisyear.
ThisyearisthefirsttimethatourannualconferenceisbeingheldinIndiasince
the start of the IAMG annual conferences 20 years ago. The mission of our
association is to promote development of mathematics, statistics, and computer
informatics in geosciences. I am convinced that this event will further promote
IAMGinIndiaandthatitwillresultinmorenewcontributionstoMGbecauseof
thefollowingthreeaspects:
First, Indian scientists traditionally and continuously make very important
contributions to mathematics, statistics, and science in general. There are well-
knownexamplesofdevelopmentsinmathematicsandstatisticsthatwereadvanced
by Indian mathematicians. Just to name a few, as early as in the fourteenth to
sixteenth centuries, in attempting to solve astronomical problems, Indian mathe-
maticians at the Kerala school of Astronomy and Mathematics developed series
expansion for trigonometric functions which today are pervasive not only in pure
mathematics butalso inapplied mathematics such asfrequency analysis for char-
acterizing cyclical phenomena across many applications in the mathematical
geosciences. A more recent example is the Mahalanobis distance, developed in
the 1930s by an important Indian scientist and applied statistician, Prasanta
Mahalanobis. This M-distance is a multidimensional generalization of standard
Euclidean distance. The Mahalanobis distance is widely used in many disciplines
of science and engineering including mathematical geosciences. Distance is an
important mathematical property of geological features and is the fundamental
v
vi WelcomeMessageforIAMG2014ParticipantsinNewDelhi
mathematics for prediction, estimation, classification, and interpolation in geosci-
ence. Many innovations in mathematical geoscience such as Aitchison distance
dealingwithcompositionaldata,Krigingasageneralizationofthemovingaverage
technique,spatiallyweightedmultivariateanalysisderivedfromtraditionalmulti-
variate analysis, fractal geometry from ordinary geometry, multifractal density
derivedfromgeo-complexityandnon-Gaussiantheory,andlocalsingularityanal-
ysisfromstationaryanalysisareallbecomingpartofessentialmathematicaltheory
andtechniquesusefulnotonlyforgeosciencebutalsoforotherdisciplines.
Secondly, fromageoscientificpoint ofview, Indiahasadiverse geologyfrom
IndianCratontoorogenicmountainsandplateaus.Mineraldepositsofgreatvariety
and fossil energy resources are found on the subcontinent in large quantities. The
mining industry in India is a major economic activity which contributes signifi-
cantly to the economy of India providing multimillion job opportunities for indi-
viduals. The Indian plate is the fastest-moving plate on Earth causing various
geo-environmentalhazardsincludingearthquakesandtsunamisgeneratedbyearth-
quakes.Justlikemanyotherdevelopingnations,itfacesseriouschallengeofwater
resourcesandenvironmentalpollution. Resourcingfuturegenerationsandsolving
environmental issues remain major challenges and opportunities for India and
Indiangeoscientists.
Thirdly, from geoinformatics point of view, the Government of India has been
taking numerous initiatives promoting development and applications of computer
technology and spatial information technology. For example, the Indians have
successfully operated Indian National Satellites (INSAT) for communication ser-
vices and Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites for management of natural
resources. These two satellite series have become important satellite systems in
the Asia-Pacific region and across the globe that continue to provide services and
imageries in a variety of spatial resolutions which can be utilized for solving the
geo-problems within the region. India has also set up National GIS Organizations
andGeoinformaticsprogramsinmanyeducationalinstitutions.Computerinforma-
tion technology including geoinformatics is growing in India and attracting many
youngtalents.
Toutilizemathematicalmethodsinconjunctionwithgeoinformaticaltechniques
andbigdatatosolvegeoscientificproblemshasattractedagreatdealofattentionat
this IAMG conference. It represents a trend of general frontier research in the
geosciences. Mybelief isthatthisannualconference willleadtomorepromotion
forIAMGwithinthenextfewyearsintheregionincludingthe36thInternational
GeologicalCongress(IGC)tobeheldinNewDelhiin2020.Ourassociationholds
jointmeetingsatIGCs.Ilookforwardtoseemoreindividualsfromthispartofthe
worldactivelyparticipatinginIAMG.
Finally, best wishes for the success of this conference! I wish everyone a
wonderfulstayinIndia!Thankyouforyourattention!
President,InternationalAssociationforMathematical QiumingCheng
Geosciences(IAMG)
NewDelhi,India
Foreword
ItismyexceptionalpleasuretowelcomeyouinNewDelhi(capitalofIndia)tothe
16th IAMG annual conference at Jawaharlal Nehru University during 17–20th
October 2014. For the first time in India, IAMG conference is being held since
thestartofIAMGannualconferences20yearsback.Theorganizersproposedthis
place because New Delhi is the hub of educational institutions and better infra-
structural facilities to organize this type of prestigious event. Since it is first ever
largemathematicalgeosciencesconference,thiseventwillfurtherpromoteandwill
result in more new contributions to mathematical geosciences in Indian subconti-
nent. Indian plate is the fastest-moving plate on Earth causing various
geo-environmental hazards. This century we will be mostly faced with serious
problems of natural disasters due to climate change, i.e., heavy rains and floods
like in Uttarakhand and Jammu and Kashmir due to cloud bursts and also similar
disasters in other parts of the world. Therefore, today’s research is focused on
fundamental process on natural resources and proper utilization of geostatistical
andgeospatial technologiesforthesustainableresourcesmanagement.Utilization
of mathematical methods inconjunction with geoinformatical techniques to solve
geoscientificproblemshasattractedagreatdealofattentionatIAMG2014andwill
remainatrendofgeneralresearchinthegeosciencesespeciallyinIndia.Computer
information technology including geoinformatics is growing and attracting many
youngtalentsinIndia.
WiththeseneweffortsthisIAMGconferenceonGeostatisticalandGeospatial
Approaches for the Characterization of Natural Resources in the Environment:
Challenges, Processes, and Strategies intends to bring together international
specialists:(i)to exchangefundamentalresults ofrecentresearch,(ii)to present
progressandprocessesintechnicalinnovations,(iii)todiscussglobalstrategiesto
synchronize natural resources and hazards, and (iv) to consider the priorities of
futurechallengesandremedies.
vii
viii Foreword
Consequentlytheconferenceproceedingscoverthefollowingsections:
• Mathematicalgeosciencesandgeostatistics
• Environmentalgeochemistryandpollution
• Tectonicactivityandnaturaldisasters
• Modelingandsimulations
• Remotesensingandgeoinformatics
• Meteorology and climate change through invited papers and oral and poster
presentations
The papers peer reviewed and published in the conference proceedings reflect
the quality of the science at this conference. I thank all the reviewers for their
efforts, which have greatly improved the quality of this publication and also
sponsorswhohavesupportedtoorganizethiseventinagrandway.
I am confident that the inspiring ambience of New Delhi and IAMG2014
conferenceitselfwillfavortheexchangeofideasandsharingofvaluableinforma-
tion with eminent scientists/researchers for making future collaboration research
programs.
Chairman,IAMG2014 N.JanardhanaRaju
NewDelhi,India
October2014
Scientific Committee, Local Organizing
Committee and Sponsors
Scientific Committee
A.K.Singhvi,India JefCaers,USA RichardSinding-Larsen,Norway
AlexanderKolovos,USA Jesu´sMart´ınezFr´ıas,Spain RobertMarschallinger,Austria
AndrasBardossy, JiaxueWu,China RyoichiKouda,Japan
Germany
AnilKulkarni,India JoelCarrilloRivera,Mexico SambasivaR.Patchineelam,
Brazil
BhabeshC.Sarkar,India JohnH.Schuenemeyer,USA SanjaySrinivasan,USA
B.S.DayaSagar,India JuanJose´Egozcue,Spain SaumitraMukherjee,India
CedricGriffiths,Australia KatsuakiKoike,Japan ShakelRomshoo,India
D.M.Banerjee,India K.R.MuraliMohan,India ShilpaPal,India
DanielM.Tetzlaff,USA M.P.Singh,India T.V.KrishnaReddy,India
DavidM.Carttar,USA M.Sudhakar,India TalatAhmad,India
FritsAgterberg,Canada MariaT.Schafmeister,Germany TapanMukerji,USA
GangLiu,China MrinalSen,India U.SaravanaKumar,India
HansWackernagel,France PRajendraPrasad,India VP.Dimri,India
HariS.Pandalai,India PeterWycisk,Germany V.Subramanian,India
HarshGupta,India PierreGoovaerts,USA VeraPawlowsky-Glahn,Spain
J.A.Vargas-Guzma´n, QiumingCheng,Canada WolfgangGossel,Germany
SaudiArabia
JaimeG(cid:2)omez-Herna´ndez, R.MohanSrivastava,Canada
Spain
JanHarff,Poland R.Ramesh,India
RicardoOlea,USA
ix