Geospatial Techniques in Urban Hazard and Disaster Analysis

448 Pages·2010·14.536 MB·English

by  Pamela S. Showalter, Yongmei Lu (auth.), Pamela S. Showalter, Yongmei Lu (eds.)

Geospatial Techniques in Urban Hazard
and Disaster Analysis
Geotechnologies and the Environment
Volume 2
SeriesEditors:
JayD.Gatrell,SchoolofGraduateStudiesandDepartmentofGeography,
Geology,andAnthropology,IndianaStateUniversity,TerreHaute,IN,USA
Ryan R. Jensen, Department of Geography, Brigham Young University, Provo,
UT,USA
The“GeotechnologiesandtheEnvironment”seriesisintendedtoprovidespecialists
inthegeotechnologiesandacademicswhoutilizethesetechnologies,withanoppor-
tunity to share novel approaches, present interesting (sometimes counter-intuitive)
casestudies,andmostimportantlytosituateGIS,remotesensing,GPS,theinternet,
new technologies, and methodological advances in a real world context. In doing
so,thebooksintheserieswillbeinherentlyappliedandreflecttherichvarietyof
researchperformedbygeographersandalliedprofessionals.
Beyond the applied nature of many of the papers and individual contributions,
theseriesinterrogatesthedynamicrelationshipbetweennatureandsociety.Forthis
reason,manycontributorsfocusonhuman-environmentinteractions.Theseriesare
notlimitedtoaninterpretationoftheenvironmentasnatureperse.Rather,theseries
“places”peopleandsocialforcesincontextandthusexplorethemanysocio-spatial
environments humans construct for themselves as they settle the landscape. Con-
sequently, contributions will use geotechnologies to examine both urban and rural
landscapes.
Forfurthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/8088
·
Pamela S. Showalter Yongmei Lu
Editors
Geospatial Techniques in
Urban Hazard and Disaster
Analysis
123
Editors
Dr.PamelaS.Showalter Dr.YongmeiLu
TexasStateUniversity TexasStateUniversity
DepartmentofGeography DepartmentofGeography
SanMarcosTX78666-4616 SanMarcosTX78666-4616
USA USA
[email protected] [email protected]
ISBN978-90-481-2237-0 e-ISBN978-90-481-2238-7
DOI10.1007/978-90-481-2238-7
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:200992683
©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2010
Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorby
anymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recordingorotherwise,withoutwritten
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ofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.
Coverimage:DiamondheadDebrisSites-Post-KalrinaImageryandParcels,photocourtesyofFederal
EmergencyManagementAgency,USA.
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
Preface
Thisbookisthesecondinaseriesthatexamineshowgeographicinformationtech-
nologies (GIT) are being implemented to improve our understanding of a variety
ofhazardanddisastersituations.Themaintypesoftechnologiescoveredunderthe
umbrellaofGIT,asusedinthisvolume,aregeographicinformationsystems,remote
sensing(notincludingground-penetratingorunderwatersystems),andglobalposi-
tioningsystems.Ourfocusisonurbanareas,broadlydefinedinordertoencompass
rapidlygrowinganddenselypopulatedareasthatmaynotbeconsidered“urban”in
theconventionalsense.
Thematerialpresentedhereisalsounabashedlyapplied–ourgoalistoprovide
GITtoolstothoseseekingmoreefficientwaystorespondto,recoverfrom,mitigate,
prevent, and/or model hazard and disaster events in urban settings. Therefore, this
bookwascreatednotonlywithourcolleaguesintheacademicworldinmind,but
alsoforhazards professionals and practitioners.Wealsobelieve graduate students
willfindthematerialpresentedhereofinterest,asmayupperdivisionundergraduate
students.
PamelaS.Showalter
SanMarcos,Texas YongmeiLu
v
Acknowledgments
We are very grateful for the support of our colleagues, friends, and family mem-
bers during the many months spent laboring on this book. Special thanks go
to the following individuals (listed alphabetically), whose thoughtful suggestions
vastly improved the effort presented here: Stephen D. Ambrose, Applied Sciences
Program, NASA Headquarters; Lindsey Barnes, University of Colorado-Colorado
Springs;SallyCaldwell,TexasStateUniversity-SanMarcos;RichardCampanella,
Tulane University; Xuwei Chen, Northern Illinois University; Thomas Cova, Uni-
versityofUtah;EllenK.Cromley,TheInstituteforCommunityResearch;Timothy
J.Dolney,ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity–AltoonaCollege;DavidL.Eslinger,
NOAACoastalServicesCenter;AndrewGraettinger,UniversityofAlabama;Ron
Hagelman,TexasStateUniversity-SanMarcos;AlisaHolloway,UniversityofCape
Town; Mark W. Horner, Florida State University; Bo Huang, The Chinese Uni-
versity of Hong Kong; Chris J. Johannsen, Purdue University; Norman Kerle,
International Institute for Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation (ITC),
Enschede, the Netherlands; Michael Kevany, PlanGraphics, Inc.; Poh-Chin Lai,
The University of Hong Kong; Jonathan Li, University of Waterloo, Canada; Ge
Lin,UniversityofNebraskaMedicalCenter;SusanMacey,TexasStateUniversity-
SanMarcos;JeremyMennis,TempleUniversity;RobertJ.Nicholls,Universityof
Southampton; John Pine, Louisiana State University; Kathleen L. Purvis-Roberts,
ClaremontMcKenna,Pitzer,andScrippsColleges;LynnM.Resler,VirginiaPoly-
technic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech); Jose L. Silván-Cárdenas,
Texas State University-San Marcos; Susan I. Stewart, Northern Research Station,
U.S. Forest Service; Jeannette Sutton, University of Colorado at Boulder; Lisa A.
Taylor,NOAANationalGeophysicalDataCenter;Jean-ClaudeThill,Universityof
NorthCarolinaatCharlotte;DeborahS.K.Thomas,UniversityofColorado-Denver;
Stefan Voigt, German Aerospace Center (DLR); William A. Wallace, Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute; Thomas J. Wilbanks, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Olga
Wilhelmi,NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch(NCAR);F.BenjaminZhan,
TexasStateUniversity-SanMarcos;andSisiZlatanova,DelftUniversityofTechnol-
ogy,Delft,TheNetherlands.Twoadditionstotheabovelistarealsotheindividuals
responsibleforinstigatingtheentireenterprise:JayD.Gatrell(IndianaStateUniver-
sity)andRyanR.Jensen(BrighamYoungUniversity)–thankyouforencouraging
ustotakepartinthisventure.
vii
viii Acknowledgments
We also wish to express our gratitude to the guidance of our sincere friends
at Springer-Verlag. Special thanks go to Nina Bennink, Earth Sciences Publishing
Assistant, and Robert K. Doe, Earth Sciences Publishing Editor, whose help and
patience allowed us the time necessary to navigate the nuances of producing this
book.
We are especially indebted to our loved ones. Pamela S. Showalter’s deepest
thanks go to her partner, Raylene, whose boundless support was offered from the
moment the project was tackled. Yongmei Lu is in debt to her dearest husband,
Shuwei, and her most lovely angels, Katie and Jeffrey, for their endless support
and understanding during and beyond this book project. Both editors also wish to
expresstheirappreciationtoTexasStateUniversity–SanMarcos.Dr.Luparticularly
appreciates the faculty development leave provided by Texas State University as
well as the Visiting Professorship provided by Beijing Normal University, both of
whichgreatlysupportedthesecondstageofherworkonthisproject.
Finally, we acknowledge that no book is without its shortcomings – while we
haveattemptedtokeeperrorsofcommissionandomissiontoaminimum,weaccept
fullresponsibilityforthosethateludedus.
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
PamelaS.ShowalterandYongmeiLu
PartI SeaLevelRiseandFloodAnalysis
2 ModelingSea-LevelRiseandSurgeinLow-LyingUrban
Areas Using Spatial Data, Geographic Information
Systems,andAnimationMethods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
E.LynnUsery,JinmuChoi,andMichaelP.Finn
3 Urban Expansion and Sea-Level Rise Related Flood
VulnerabilityforMumbai(Bombay),IndiaUsingRemotely
SensedData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
FiroozaPavri
4 AGISforFloodRiskManagementinFlanders . . . . . . . . . . . 51
PieterDeckers,WimKellens,JohanReyns,Wouter
Vanneuville,andPhilippeDeMaeyer
5 Using Geographic Information Science to Estimate
VulnerableUrbanPopulationsforFloodHazardandRisk
AssessmentinNewYorkCity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
JulianaMaantay,AndrewMaroko,andGretchenCulp
6 Geo-InformationTechnologyforInfrastructuralFlood
RiskAnalysisinUnplannedSettlements:ACaseStudyof
InformalSettlementFloodRiskintheNyabugogoFlood
Plain,KigaliCity,Rwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
JeanPierreBizimanaandMicheleSchilling
PartII MetropolitanCaseStudies
7 A Respiratory Riskscape for Texas Cities: A Spatial
AnalysisofAirPollution,DemographicAttributesand
Deathsfrom2000Through2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
SusanM.Macey
ix
x Contents
8 SpatialDistributionofToxicReleaseInventorySitesin
ChicagoArea:IsThereEnvironmentalInequity? . . . . . . . . . . 157
FahuiWangandYvetteC.Feliberty
9 RiskandExposuretoExtremeHeatinMicroclimatesof
Phoenix,AZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
DarrenM.Ruddell,SharonL.Harlan,
SusanneGrossman-Clarke,andAlexanderBuyantuyev
10 WildfireRiskAnalysisattheWildlandUrbanInterfacein
TravisCounty,Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
YongmeiLu,LoriCarter,andPamelaS.Showalter
11 EarlyWarningofFoodSecurityCrisesinUrbanAreas:
TheCaseofHarare,Zimbabwe,2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
MollyE.BrownandChristopherC.Funk
PartIII Earthquakes,Tsunamis,andInternationalApplications
12 SpatialInformationTechnologiesforDisasterManagement
inChina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
JingLi,YunhaoChen,A-duGong,andWeiguoJiang
13 A Cybercartographic Tool for Supporting Disaster
Prevention Planning Processes and Emergency
ManagementinMexicoCity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
ElviaMartínez-ViverosandFernandoLópez-Caloca
14 Integration of Tsunami Analysis Tools into a GIS
Workspace–Research, Modeling,andHazardMitigation
effortsWithinNOAA’sCenterforTsunamiResearch. . . . . . . . 273
NazilaMerati,ChristopherChamberlin,ChristopherMoore,
VasilyTitov,andTiffanyC.Vance
15 UtilizingNewTechnologiesinManagingHazardsandDisasters . . 295
RonaldT.Eguchi,CharlesK.Huyck,ShubharoopGhosh,
BeverleyJ.Adams,andAnneleyMcMillan
PartIV HurricaneResponse/Recovery
16 Remote Sensing and GIS Data/Information in the
EmergencyResponse/RecoveryPhase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
MichaelE.Hodgson,BruceA.Davis,andJitkaKotelenska
17 InvestigatingRecoveryPatternsinPostDisasterUrban
Settings:UtilizingGeospatialTechnologytoUnderstand
Post-HurricaneKatrinaRecoveryinNewOrleans,Louisiana . . . 355
StevenM.Ward,MichaelLeitner,andJohnPine
Contents xi
18 SpaceandTimeChangesinNeighborhoodRecoveryAfter
aDisasterUsingaSpatialVideoAcquisitionSystem . . . . . . . . 373
AndrewJ.Curtis,JacquelineW.Mills,TimothyMcCarthy,
A.StewartFotheringham,andWilliamF.Fagan
PartV EvacuationStudies
19 Pre-evacuationTripBehavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
MelanyNolteniusandBruceA.Ralston
20 Micro-LevelEmergencyResponse:3DGeometricNetwork
andanAgent-BasedModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
JinmuChoiandJiyeongLee
21 APlanningSupportSystemforTerror-ResistantUrban
Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
XinhaoWang,JoshuaS.Belhadj,andHengWei
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447