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arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics G i o r g i G o g o l a s h v i l i GEORGIAN VERB (FORM-BUILDING ISSUES) Tbilisi 2010 g i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l i q a r T u l i z m n a (formawarmoebis sakiTxebi) Tbilisi 2010 redaqtorebi: aaaavvvvTTTTaaaannnnddddiiiillll aaaarrrraaaabbbbuuuulllliiii mmmmiiiixxxxeeeeiiiillll qqqquuuurrrrddddiiiiaaaannnniiii recenzentebi: TTTTeeeeddddoooo uuuuTTTTuuuurrrrggggaaaaiiiiZZZZeeee vvvvaaaaxxxxttttaaaannnngggg iiiimmmmnnnnaaaaiiiiSSSSvvvviiiilllliiii teqnikuri redaqtori lllleeeevvvvaaaannnn vvvvaaaaSSSSaaaakkkkiiiiZZZZeeee kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa rrrruuuussssuuuuddddaaaannnn ggggrrrriiiiggggoooolllliiiiaaaassssiiii ASBN © giorgi gogolaSvili qarTuli zmnis sarkvevi profesorma giorgi gogolaSvilma gansakuTrebulad uer- Tgula qarTuli zmnis problematikas. SeiZleba iTqvas, Tavisi samecniero moGvaweobis ganmavlobaSi mas arasodes SeuCerebia fiqri im problemebze, romlebic qarTuli zmnis formawarmoebis urTules sistemasTan aris dakavSirebuli da romelTac mkvlevarTa araerTi Taobis Zalisxmeva Selevia. es iKo mecnieris sakvalifikacio naSromebis ucvleli Tema da egeve Tematika do- minirebs mis mravalricxovan publikaciebSi. da, ai, axla SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom winamdebare monografi- is saxiT mkiTxvels sruli warmodgena Seeqmneba im mecnierul Sedegebze, rac mravalwliani Zalisxmevis Sedegad moupovebia avtors; SesaZlebloba eqneba erT mTlianobaSi dainaxos da Seafa- sos miGebuli daskvnebi, Caswvdes kvlevis principebsa da logi- kas. prof. giorgi gogolaSvili sakmaod detalurad mimoixi- lavs im istoriul winapirobebs, dawKebuli pirveli filologi- uri gramatikebidan _ vidre akaki SaniZemde, ramac moamzada sa- kvlevi problematikis dGevandeli viTareba; magram mainc unda iTqvas, rom avtori gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva zmnuri sistemebisa da struqturebis formaluri analizis erTgulebiT. man amisa- Tvis Sesavlidanve moamzada Teoriuli postulatebi sauGlebel fuZesa da mwkrivis sxva formalur elementebTan dakavSirebiT da Semdgom Tanamimdevrulad icavs am princips. aman ganapiroba, magaliTad, is, rom mkvlevarma CamoaKaliba qarTuli zmnis uGlebis rvamwkriviani paradigma, gamoricxa ra mwkrivis fuZidan regularulad ganmeorebadi, saerTo elementi _ zmniswini. formaluri TvalsazrisiT aseTi modeli TiTqmis ugamonaklisod moqmedebs gardamavali zmnis formawarmoebisas; da radganac gardamavali zmnis modeli Kvelaze ufro srulia 6 g. g og o la Sv i li. qarTuli zmna (unakloa) am TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleba SemoTavazebuli paradigma- tuli wesi pirobiTad ganvazogadoT mTel sistemaze. amgvarad, avtori gvTavazobs enobriv monacemTa aGweriT analizs da amas sulac ar uSlis xels is, rom igi mudmivad iT- valiswinebs da, SeiZleba iTqvas, paralelur yrilSi warmoad- gens rogorc Zveli qarTulis, ise TiTqmis Kvela dialeqtis zmnuri formawarmoebis (paradigmatul) monacemebs. qarTuli zmniT dainteresebuli piri amieridan am erT wignSi ixilavs TavmoKrils arsebiTad Kvela sakiTxs, dakavSire- buls samive seriisa da maTSi Semaval mwkrivTa Sesaxeb. kidev erTi unda iTqvas avtoris sasargeblod: TiTqmis ara- vis gamouvlenia ise Grmad mwkrivTa warmoebis Sinagani, sistemuri determinizmi, rogorc es g. gogolaSvilma warmoaCina (maga- liTad, wKvetilisa da kavSirebiTis mwkrivis niSanTa urTier- Tganpirobebuloba da am sistemuri kanonebis istoriuli dinami- ka da misT.). bolositKvaSi avtori ambobs: `SeiZleba wigni araTanabari moeCvenos kacs: zog sakiTxs meti KuradGeba mivaqcieT, zogs _ naklebi... magram gaviTvaliswinoT, rom es ar aris sistemuri kursi~. rogorc Cans, miTiTebuli `uTanabroba~ mecnieruli Zie- bis bunebidan momdinareobs, albaT amiTac aris is saintereso. amJerad mTavari is aris, rom winamdebare wigni axal energias Semoitans qarTuli enis gramatikuli agebulebis SeswavlaSi da is did samsaxurs gauwevs qarTuli zmniT dainteresebul nebis- mier pirs. avTandil arabuli mixeil qurdiani Sesavali * * * cnobili yeSmaritebaa: saxeli qarTul enaSi gacilebiT martivia, zmna _ uaGresad rTuli. am sirTulem aTqmevina XIX saukuneSi platon ioselians, rom qarTulSi Koveli zmna ukano- noao: `qarTulisa enisa zmnani Kovelnive arian ukanononi; TviTe- ulsa zmnasa aqvs Tviseba gardakeTebisa sxvad zmnad mimatebiTa, romelTame marcvalTa mravalTa sxvaTa sitKvisa nawilTa Za- luZsT gardaqceva zmnaT; aqedan gamovals siZnele kanonTa miGebisa maTTvis~ (p. ioseliani, 1840, gv. 49). niyieri gramatiko- sis amgvar Sefasebas qarTuli zmnis buneba Seapirobebda. momdevno periodis gramatikosi a. quTaTelaZe ase afasebs viTarebas: `dGemdis mainc ver vigdeT xelSi is klite, romelic aGebs Kvela zmnebis kars, rom, Sig ra aris, gavigoT; mainc ver gavxseniT dGemdis im saidumloebis naskvi, romelsac hqvia uGvlileba. e.i. ver mivageniT im kanons, romlis ZaliTac SegveZ- leboda Koveli zmnis Cagdeba kalapotSi uGvlilebis dros, da ise, rom erTmaneTSi ar aGgvreoda~ (a.quTaTelaZe,1897,gv.12). 1929 wels arnold Ciqobavam p. ioselianis zemomoKvanili azri gaixsena da Tqva: `mas Semdeg 88 welma ganvlo, magram, sa- mwuxarod, dGesac veravin itKvis, rom es siZnele daZleuli iKos; `qarTuli zmnis xlarTSi mecnieruli analizis Suqma Je- rac ver Seatana da, albaT, sakmao dro gaivlis, sanam misi uCina- ri meqanizmis pirveladi berketebi gaSiSvldebodes~... Tqma ar unda, bevri ram aris ukve garkveuli, SeiZleba iTqvas, ZiriTadad Seicvala warmodgena qarTuli zmnis Sesaxeb, magram axlac ara Tu gadawKvetili ar aris Kvela sakiTxi, aramed dasmulic ki sa- Tanadod~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1998, gv. 13). am sitKvebis Tqmidan 80 weli gavida. gakeTda gacilebiT meti, vidre maSin SeiZleboda warmoedgina kacs. daisva da 8 g. gogolaSvili. qarTuli zmna gadawKda uamravi sakiTxi, problema. gamoqveKnda aseulobiT na- Sromi, aTeulobiT monografia qarTuli zmnis sakiTxebs rom ik- vlevs. da mainc: gasakeTebeli aris albaT gacilebiT meti, vidre gakeTda dGemde. qarTuli zmna amouwuravi sabadoa, saganZuria, romlis gamomzeureba da srulKofili Seswavla momavlis saqmea. winamdebare wignis avtoris mizani qarTuli zmnis Seswav- laSi SeZlebisdagvari wvlilis Setanaa. naSromi Cveni ocdaaT- wliani fiqris Sedegia. avtori bednieri iqneba imiT, Tu es na- fiqri Tavis mizans miaGwevs. * * * 1984 wels enaTmecnierebis institutSi Tematuri samecniero konferencia gaimarTa _ `qarTuli zmnis uGvlilebis for- mobrivi da semantikuri analizi~. am konferenciaze wavikiTxe mo- xseneba `nakvTeulTa sistema da uGvlilebis tipebi axal qar- TulSi~ (g. gogolaSvili, 1984(1)). am naSromSi pirvelad davsvi sakiTxi imis Taobaze, rom gadasasinJia mwkrivTa raodenobis sa- kiTxi axal qarTulSi. kerZod, mimaCnda, rom mKofadis wris gamoKofa (mKofadi, xolmeobiTi, mKofadis kavSirebiTi) formob- rivi TvalsazrisiT ar aris gamarTlebuli da axal qarTulSi realurad, formobriv-semantikuri TvalsazrisiT 8 mwkrivi gvaqvs (nacvlad saKovelTaod miGebuli 11 mwkrivisa). sakiTxis amgvarad dasma moulodneli aGmoCnda zogierTTaTvis da zedmet siTamamed CauTvales avtors. erT-erTma cnobilma enaTmecnierma aGSfoTeba ver damala da replikis _ `formalizmi amaze Sors ver wavao~ _ Semdeg darbazi datova... mwkrivTa raodenobis sakiTxi uGlebis zogad sakiTxebTan iKo gadaJayvuli da vcadeT, es Tvalsazrisi gagvevrco da argu- mentirebuli gagvexada. 1988 wels wigni gamovida amgvari saTau- riT _ `qarTuli zmnis uGvlilebis sistema~. wignis gamosvlas dumiliT Sexvdnen, magram roca es naSromi 1992 wels sadoqtoro disertaciad warvadgine, polemika sakmaod mZime da seriozu- li iKo. sadisertacio sabyom disertants Ziebuli xarisxi miani- ya... am problemebze muSaoba grZeldeboda. rva mwkrivis idea momxreebs iZenda. al. onianis or wignSi aris vrceli msJeloba imis Taobaze, rom mKofadis wris gamoKofa Tanamedrove qarTulSi morfologiurad gaumarTlebe- lia (a. oniani, 1998, gv. 212 da Semd.; a. oniani, 2003, gv. 148 da Sesavali 9 Semd.). CvenTvis faseulia TvalsazrisTa aseTi damTxveva, Tumca cota gaugebrobas amgvari msJeloba iwvevs: `msgavsi Tvalsazrisi, erTgarad gansxvavebul argumentaciaze damKarebiT, Cvengan damoukideblad, wamoKenebulia g. gogolaSvilis naSromSi (miTiTebu- lia 1988 wels gamocemuli wigni _ g. g.). rodesac es naSromi gamoqveKnda, Cveni Sexeduleba im saxiT, ra saxec mas winamdebare wignSi aqvs, ukve CamoKalibebuli iKo, amitom SesaZleblad miviC- nieT, Cveni Sexeduleba ucvlelad warmogvedgina, Tumca arsebu- li Tvalsazrisis gaTvaliswineba (albaT igulisxmeba g. gogo- laSvilis Tvalsazrisi _ g. g.), mas (e. i. a. onianis Tvalsaz- riss? _ g. g.) mxolod sargeblobas moutanda. mkiTxvels SeuZ- lia TiToeul maTgans cal-calke gaecnos~ (!) (a. oniani, 1998, gv. 217). aseTive komentari gvxvdeba avtoris Semdegdroindel gamocemaSic: `msgavsi Tvalsazrisi, erTgvarad gansxvavebuli ar- gumentaciiT, Cvengan damoukideblad, wamoKenebulia g. gogolaS- vilis naSromSi (g. gogolaSvili, 1988, gv. 82-99). rodesac es naSromi gamoqveKnda, Cveni aq warmodgenili Sexeduleba xxxxeeeellllnnnnaaaa---- wwwweeeerrrrSSSSiiii ukve dasrulebuli iKo, amitom SesaZleblad miviCnieT misi ucvlelad gamoqveKneba... g. gogolaSvilis naSromis gaTvaliswineba, iiiissss rrrroooommmm CCCCvvvveeeennnniiii SSSSeeeexxxxeeeedddduuuulllleeeebbbbiiiissss ddddaaaassssrrrruuuulllleeeebbbbaaaammmmddddeeee ggggaaaammmmooooqqqqvvvveeeeKKKKnnnneeeebbbbuuuulllliiiiKKKKoooo (xazi Cvenia _ g. g.), cxadia, ramdenadme Seamsubuqebda Cvens Sromas. ise ki ori avtoris erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad msgavs Tvalsazrisamde misvla garkveviT metKvelebs Tvalsazrisis sasargeblod~ (a. oniani, 2003, gv. 155). arada, es wigni TiTqmis 20 wlis Semdeg dai- beyda Cveni Tvalsazrisis gamoqveKnebidan... magram amas axla Cven- Tvis ara aqvs arsebiTi mniSvneloba; mTavari isaa, rom aq dro-ki- loTa sistemis Cveneuli xedva aris gaziarebuli... kidev erTi saintereso faqti: 1999 wlis 17 maiss enaTmec- nier ramaz qurdaZis sadoqtoro disertaciis dacvisas oficia- lurma oponentma prof. z. sarJvelaZem Tqva, rom prof. givi ma- yavariani saleqcio kursSi aGniSnavda I seriaSi mKofadis wris mwkrivTa gamoKofis mizanSeuwonlobas; I seriaSi sam mwkrivs mi- iCnevda kanonierad. z. sarJvelaZem isic daamata, rom am Tvalsaz- risis Sesaxeb ar SeiZleba scodnoda g. gogolaSvils, radgan es saleqcio kursi ar gamoqveKnebulao... CvenTvis es cnoba friad faseuli iKo...