George Gissing, the Working Woman, and Urban Culture

226 Pages·2006·3.456 MB·English

by  Emma Liggins

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GEORGE GISSING,
THE WORKING WOMAN,
AND URBAN CULTURE
In meomfom ryym other
CaroLlgieg i(1n9s4 3-1999)
whfior st intmreto otd huVeci ecdt onroivaenl
GeogreG issgi,n
theW orkign Woman,
andU rbaCnu lture
EMMA LIGGINS
ManchesMteetrr opolUintiavne rsUiKty ,
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bei dentaisafi uetdho ofhrti wso rk.
Allr ighrtess ervNeod p.a rotft hibso okm ayb er eprinotrre edp roduocrue tdi liisnae ndy
foromr b ya nye lectromneiccha,n iocrao lth,e rm eansn,o wk nowno rh ereaftienrv ented,
includpihnogt ocopaynidnr ge cordoirni gna, n yi nformasttioorna ogrre e triseyvsatle m,
withopuetr missiinwo rni tifrnogm thep ublishers.
Notice:
Produocrtc orporantaem emsa yb et rademaorrkr se gistterraedde maarnkdsa ,r eu sed
onlfyo ird entificanadt eixopnl anation wiintthetonoiut nt fr inge.
BritiLsihb rarCya taloguiinnP gu blicatDiaotna
LiggEimnmsa,
GeorGgieis nstgh,we o rkwionmga ann udr bcaunl ture
1G.i isnsGge,o r1g8e5,7 -1-9C03ritiacniidsn mte rpretation 2.i n Women employees
liter3a.C tiutaryne d tloeiwi fnnl irtaet4u.rLei teraantsduo rcteiy- eEngl-aHnidstory
-1t9hc entury
IT.i tle
82.38
LibraroyfC ongreCsast aloging-in-PuDbaltiac ation
LiggEimnmsa,.
George Gtihwseos riknwigon,mg a ann,ud r bcanu ltIEu mrmea L gigins.
p.cm.
Inclbuidibeolsg raprheeifrceanalcn eidsn dex.
ISNB 0-7574716--(43a lpka.p er)
1.Gi ssGienogr,1g 5e87-, 1093-Characterse-mWpolmoey2ne. Fe esm.i nainsdm
literature-Engl1at9nhcd e-nHti3us.rWt yoo.mr eyann-d l iterature-England­
Histo1rt9yhc- ent4u.rW yo.r kicnlgaw sosm einnl iter5a.Lt ounrde(o.En n gl)-a-lnnd
liter6a.t uCraient.dy tloeiwi fnnl iter7a.t urWeoem.me pnl oiynel eist er8a.Wt oumreen.
inl iteraTtiut.rl ee. I.
PR417.7L5240 06
8238--d'c.22
2050071373
ISBN1 3:9 78-0-7546-3(7h1b7k-)2
Contents
Acknolwedmgeents vii
Introduction ix
Prostiatnutdth Fiero ene doofSm tsr eetwalking
2 IndustIrnidoeupse,Wn odmeen:Lnt a boaunrLd e isure
fort hEea sEtn dwo r-kg irl 29
3 BarriteoFr esm alee siPsorlnoiaf:sE mducated WWoomrekni ng
antdh Teh reoafCt e libacy 67
4 White-CollarF WuoturPrkose si abnidol ftit hthOeied e dWs o man 101
5 FroBma cheGliotrrolW orkiMnogt hFeirn:d aiP nugb lSipca ce
fotrh Eem anciHpeartoeidn e 141
Biibolgraphy 179
Index 189

Acknowledgements
Iw asfi rasttt ratcoGt eeodrG gies gs'isn fibcydt iiosnc ovTheerO idndWg om ena s
as tudIew natsi. m mediiantterliyg tuohe odw a na osv wreilt tbeyna V ictorian
man coubleds oi nt unwei tfhme intihsitn aktit hnturneg oft hcee nturTyh.ei dea
fotrh bioso tkh edne veliondp iesdc ussiotnhsae u tar'hoaosutrn tdi ttuogd eensd er
att hceo enrfenocnGe e orGgies saittn hgUe n iveorfsAi mtsyt eridn1a 9m9 s9o I
amgr atetfuolt hoer ganBiosuewrPe o stmaunsdt, h ceo mmunoifGt yi snsgi
scholparartsi,c ulAarrllyeY noeu nCgo,n stHaarnschea,n Mda rTiear eCshai alant,
whoi nspmier emidyn r esearch.
Iw ouleds pecliiatkloetl hyan tkh ose ancda rienfucli sivew hrohe aavdee rs
commenotned dr acfth arp:stG eilDlai veSsmi,o nJ . JaAmnenHs e,i lmaanndn
AndrMeaw undeIrh .a vael sboe nefifrtoemdt haed viacneds uppoofrJ to hn
SpieLrysnP, y keRtetg,e Gnaigan iAelri,sM tcaCiurl lSoctcoMth c,C racken, Jenny
Bourne TayLloouri,s e JanadcK krsiosCnto,aw maHna.r rDieevtiJ nuem Lpo,rn a
ShellaendyM ,a rgarFeotr shyatvhae l ble eenx tremheellyp ifunls upplying
reefrenacnedds i recmteti onwga rredssco eusrD.i scunssas tci ooenrfenwcietsh
MargarBeette hamV,a leSranidee rGsa,iM la rshKaaltlNe,e weayn dW ilml ia
Greenshlaavfudere t hsetri mumleai tne drm eys earch.
Unlitkhoeev erwohrekreodoi fNn eew G rubS trweheota lwalyestft h Ber itish
Librwairtayhh e adaIcs hpee,n t many ihantp hrpee ya dhrioonuogrom sfsv arious
resealricbhrp aroireison vgeo ru otf p ritnetx tIas m.gr atetfuolt hset afft haet
BritLiisbhrM aranyc,h esCteenrtL riablr tarhyWe,o me'nLsi braarnytd h lei braries
att hUen iveorfsLi itvye rfpoomroa lk itnhgre e separrcohc meosrsee jn yoabblye
dealeiffincgni telwyi tmhy n umerroeuqsu efsoptre sr iodaincdra arlebs o oks.
Thanmkussa tl bsoee xtentdote hde staLffe arnaitnR get shoeu Crecneta rte Edge
Hilfoltr h ehierl pfulannepdsa st iaenntcdoe T riMsohl ynfeoruh xe ern thusiasm
anwdi llintgoan sesswisis tpthr intpiancgk,aa gnipdno gs tiAnngnD. o nahhuaes
beenc aar eafunlds upporetdiivtteoh rr ougthhoweur ti toifnt gh beo ok, but
especiinta hlfieln yas lt agewso.u ladlI s o tol itkmheya s ntku daetnE tdsgH ei ll,
partictuhlooarsnlte yh M eA VoincgWi omefno,er n ablmeit nolg o oakt fitnhd ee
sieicnnl eewa nrde freswhaiynsg.
Myfr ienNdusrT irai ana-TAonrgeiKlbeaian oeA,,n gelMiicceahl ainsEd m ma
Lathmaums btec redbiottfehode r n courmaegw iintmghy w orakn mda kingI sure
tootki moeff .A nda,se veIr ,n teoet dh anAkn toRnoyw lafnord keempeis nagn e
int hfien aslt abgeycs o okmiens go mvee rfiyn em easlp,u ttuipnw gi tmhy b ad
moodasn bde ipnrge parteodd i scGuissnssg i conunadtt ruhmmeos s itn opportune
momentAssI. w ase igmhotn tphrse gnwahnitlfr sattni caeldliytt ihnfiegn al
chapIta emra ,l sgor atteoPfu oll Elilyz Rao wlafnodr makhiefinrrg s atp pearance
onlawy e ebkeo frhee dru dea te.
Thec ompleotfi otnh iwsa smb aodopeko ssbiybR lees earLceha grvaen tbeyd
EdgHei anldla na warfrd omt hAer tasn Hdu manitRieesse aBrocarhd .
GeorGgies stihnWego r,k iWnogm ana nUdr baCnu lture
Vlll
Ane arlvieerrso ifCo hna pOtneefir r st apipnCe rairteSiduc ryav1l e 53( :20)0.3
Someo fth mea tefrroimaC lh aptTewros aFnidvfi er satpp eairnLeo du iJsaec kson
& KrisCtoaw ma(ne dsWo.m)e,na ndWo rkC ult1u8r5e0,- 1(9A5s0h g2a0t0e5,)
andJ enBnoy urnTea yl&o Mra rtiRny l(ee dsG.e)o,rG gies siVnogi:co feT she
Unc/as(sAesdh g2a0t0e5,I) a .m g ratteofutl h peu blifsorhp eerrsm istsoi on
repromdautceer Tihaaln.ak rsae l sdou teo t hIell ustrLaotnedNdoe nw Psi cture
Librfaorrp ye rmistosu isWoean l P ag'eistl tlruastfiotorhn se e rialized version of
Ev'eRsa nsfroomm t hIlel ustLroantdeNoden w Jsa,n u1a9r85y.
Introduction
Ina l etttohe irs sMiarsgtaeriren1 t 88 0G,e orGgies sailnigg hniemds weilttfhh e
englhitevnieedow nsw omen wwheirgceah i nciunrgr eanttc hfiyen d e siecle,
iitus n forttuhnaiatnpt aest ti mweosm e'nesd ucaatnitdor na ihnaibsne ges nofr ivolous
and abasstu oir nde vitablrya tpchroeonrdt uecmepc treiabtliuentr hevesa smtaj oroift y
csaesY.o um ayb eh apptyh ayto ua re yionuan nag g ew hicihsb ecommionrge
1
enlhitgenaestd ow ome'ntsr upel aacnewd o riknt hweo rld.
Att hbee ginonfihn igws r itcianrge,te hren, o velwiassa tl reeaxdpyr essing
progresospiivneio ontn hste o piqcuaels toifwo onm e'nwso rkB.ye ndortshien g
neefdor education ahneds etatrn aa giennifdnoagrfi , c tion wwohuilcdh
interrtohgfeaa imtlei Vairc totrhieamonef ' wom'estnr upelc aefr'o ma fresh,
alternapteirvsep eRchtoidNvaue n.'n soft en-qcuoontteedni tnGi iosngs 'imsno st
fmaounso veTlhe, O ddW omen( 8193t)h,a' tWh eno new omanv anisihne s
2
matrimtohney ,r eosffreesra sv ueb stfiottruh wteoe lr dsw' or(k.p'3 )7coubled
takeans aapnp ossiutmem aorfyt hdei verpgaetnthtas k ebnyh ivsa rious
indepehnedreoniwtnh eistl;hsm etaj roietiyt chheeara f gainrsets tiohgren m selves
tot hree striocfdt oimoensst ais ciigtnyi,nfi ucmanbtce arp itoantl hiessieir n gle
stattoua sc hitehvleei begrutayr antbeype adie dm ploymBeytn htee.a r1l98y0 s
thfeme aldee sifrogrer eaetceorn oimnidce penpdreondcuebc,yet dh e olfa ck
financsiuaplp aovrati lfraobmlf eah terasn d the isnucrrpeolafuss sii nnggl e
womeenn,s utrheamdto rweo metnh aenv ebreo frfele tc ompetlole endtt ehre
labour mAacrckoerttd.oia nn1g 98 4ar ticoln'e Wo mne'Wso rki:tV sa luaen d
Posstiib'eii sntl hiGei 'rOwsln Paper',t whoem awnh ow ork.s.i s. nowhaedlady s
moraed mirable th.a.snp. e snhhdeedsr,a ywsdh ooim ne stoirpc riotfiyt,sl e­elsfs
occupa.t.cio.om nm ercainaartdl ilsyt itchawelo lmya onft heinsod f t hcee ntury
3
hatsh weo raltdh efree t.'C arvoiunatgn ewp lafcoret hweo rkiwnogm ainn
urbacunl tGuirsens,g'i sn ove'nlicosr portahtee fullo fws ocmoe'pnsew or'4k,
fromp rostitutes,a cbtsarsrete-osim nadiudsswt orarinkasdelu r csah sf catory-girls
LetttoeM ra rgareNto,v e2m7b 1e88r0T .h Ceo lleLcettetodef Gr eso rGgies siVnallg:,
1863-8e1,d P.a uFl.M athteisAernt,h Cu.rY oun&g P ierCroeu st(iAltlhaesOn hsi:o
UnivePrrsei1st9s9y0, p) .,3 41.
2 Alqlu otatariteoa nksfre onm G eorGgies gs,Ti hne OWdomde ne,d . MaWraglatreerts
(819;3L ondVoinr:a 1g89o0,) .
3 F.H'.Wo,m ne'Wso rki:tV sa launePd o sstiib'eiG,sli ir'Oslw nP aper2,7O cto1be8r9 1,
5-13( .p5 1.T) hae rticcllaeit mheatdth ewreern eo w7 ,85 070,w0o rkwionmge n.
4 RutMh. A dam'seG,o rGgies nsgai nCd lraaC oltl'Ne,i neteentFhi-cCte(in91ot5nu6 ry) ,
72-(7p7 .7 ).