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Géometrie Différentielle avec 80 Figures Niveau L3-M1 PDF

230 Pages·2011·28.921 MB·French
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, MATHEMATIQUES a l'Universite ete xercciocrersi ges GEoMETRIE ,, . DIFFERENTIELLE MATHEMATIlQ'UUENSI VERSITE A Collecdtiiroingp eaerC harles-MMiacrhieeeltP hiliPpiplei bossian GEoMETRIE ,, DIFFERENTIELLE avec 80 figures niveau L3-Ml 2e edition CathDeOrSiSn-eB ACHELET Maitdreec onferenlc'eusn ivePriseirrtee- et-Mari(eP-aCr6ui)rs i e a Jean-FPRiAeNrr�eO ISE Professelu'ru nivePriseirtree -et-Mar(iPea-r6Ci)us r ie a ClaPuIdQeU ET Maitdreec onferenlc'eusn ivePriseirtree -et-Mar(iPea-r6Ci)us r ie a ..... Mathematiaql u'eusn iversite Danlsa m emec ollection L'algdeibsrcedr eel tate r ansfdoerm eFeo uGr. iIenri,t iaa ltati oooplno ggieena etrDe.,L ehmann, Peyr2e0,0 4. 2004. Algeebtrt eh eodreinseo mbr-cerysp tographlinet,e gcrurvailleniseg estd es rfuacMe.,L official, primaSl.Ai ltF aek,i 2r0,0 3. D.T anr2e0,0 6. Algeebtrt eh eodreinseo mbr-tehse odrei e Integreattt hieoodnre li ame e seu ru-naep proche Galociosd,eg se,o meettar riiet hmeSt. iAqlu eg,e omerrP.iK qreue1e,9, 9 7. Faki2r0,0 4. Unei ntroodnau l cagt eiomeptrroicjete iDv.e , Algefborned ame-nAtrailteh meGt.G irqaus,e , Lehman2n0, 03. M.-NG.r as2,0 04. Introduac ltati hoeno riger odudepeseL sir ee els, Algelbirnee aR.iG robel,o2 t0,0 5. D.C hevall2i0e0r6,. Algelbirnee aF. iBorrei,e s-Lon2g0u0e0t., IntrodauS cctii/-oeanxb e rcpircaetsi ques Algelbirnee nauimreer i-cqouueer texs e rciGc.e s, corrdi'gaelsg leibnreeaG .iA rllea,iS r.Me ., AllaiertSe .M .K abe2r,0 02. Kaber2,0 02. Analcyosmep ldexies,t ribA.uY tgiero2,n0 0s1,. Logiqeunes,e mcbaltee,g -olrepi oeisdn et vue Analdyes eFo udraineLsree ss pafcoensc tionneclosn,s trP.uA cgetrif,o 2n0,0 0. M.E lA mrani2,0 08. Merhodaelsg ebreintq hueeosdr einseo mbres, Analfyosnec tio-enxneerlcleietpc roebsl emes N.Z inn-Ju2s0ti1n0,. corriBg.M easu,ry 2,0 04. Methodd'easp proximeaqtuiaotni,o ns Calcduijfle renGt.Ci herli,stA o.C) o,t C,h .-M. dijferentaipepllliecsSa,ct iiloSa.nGb su,e rre­ Mari1e,9 97. DelabriMe.rP eo,s te2l0,0 4. Coudr'sa lgRe.bE lrkei,2k 0,0 2. Methonduemse ridqiureesdc etl e'sa lgebre Coudresc alcfuolr m-eallg orithmes matricCilBe.r lelzei,nMs .kR ie,d ivo-Zaglia, fondamePnht.Sa auxu,xP i ca1r9t9, 9. 2005. Coudresc alcfuolrm e-lc orfipnsi ssy,s temesM ethonduemse riiqtueersa- tailvgeelsbi rnee aire polynomaipapulxi,c aPht.Si aounxPs i,ca Er.t , etn olni neaCli.r eB,r ezMi.nR sekdii,v o­ Ranno2u0,0 2. Zagli2a0,0 6. Distrib-uetsipoadncese sS obaoplpelv,i catiPornescd,i' sa narleyes-letl oep olcoagliceu,l M.-ThL.a croix-So1n9r9i9e.r , dijferenmteitehlod,d' easp proximvoal1t.,i on, Elemedn'tasl gceobmrmeu taJt.B irivaen,�P ohn., V.K omomik2,0 01. Maisono2b0e0,4 . Precd'i asn alreyesl-ela en alfyosnec tionnelle, Elemedn'tasn acloynsveeex tve a riatiDo.n nellien,t egdreLa etbee segsupea,fc oensc tionnels, Aze1,9 97. vol2.,V .K omomik2,0 02. Elemednegt eso meAt.rY gi eerA,,. H enau2t0,0 4. ProbabiM.lB irtaencso,vT ahn.J, e ul2in0,0 6. Elemednett hse oriaen ndeea-saux n neaux Probab:iv lairtieaasbt leeast cooinrveesr,g ences, commutJa.Ct aiflsa,i2 s0,0 6. conditioY.n nLaecmreonLi.txM ,,a zlia2k0,0 6. Elemedn'tisn tegertda 'tainoafnlo ynscet ionnQeulelleqa,us epse dcetmssa themataicqtuueesl les, A.E lK acimAil aou1i9,9 9. ouvracgoel lec1t9i9f9,. Equataiuxod nesr ipveaerst ieetll eluerss Systedmyensa mi-quuneiesn troducCht.i-oMn. , approximBa.Lt uicoqnuis2n0,,0 4. Mari2e,0 03. Extensdieco onrs-p tsh eodreGi ael oJi.Cs a,la is,S uitSeesr,iI enst,e grS.aG tueerrse,- Delabriere, 2006. 2009. Geomedtijfreiree natviee8cl0fi lgeu rCe.sD o,s s­ TheodreiG ea loIi.Gs o,za r1d9,9 7. BachelJe.t-,FP. r an�oCislPe.i, q ue2t0,1 1. TopolGo.gC ihrei,s tAo.C! o,t C,h .-MM.a rie, LeGsro upfiensi estl eurresp resenGt.a tions1,9 97. Rauch2,0 00. La Topoldoegesis ep amceetsr iEq.uB uerrso,n i, 2005. ®DANGER 978-722-98-6446-0 ISBN ©EllipEsdeist iMoanr ketiSn.gA .2,0 11 PHOOPTlOlClAGE 32r,u eB argu7e5 74P0a ricse de1x5 TUELEllVRE LeC oded el ap ropriienttee llecnt'uaeultloer iasuaxtn etr,m edsel 'aniLc.l1 e2 2-5.e2t° 3°a)d,' unpean ,q uel es« c opioeusr eproducsttiroincst ermeesnetr vael e'su sapgrei ve duc opisettne o nd estinaeu enseu tiliscaotliloenc teitvd e'»a,u tprea nq,u el easn alyses etl ecso unecsi tatidoannsus n b utd 'exempeltde ' illust«r taotuitorene ,p resentaotui on reproduction oiunp taneigerlfaalileet s ea nlse c onsentedmee( n'ta utoeuud re s esa yants drooiuta yanctasu sees itl li»c (iatneL. . 1 22-4). Cettree presentoautr ieopnr oducptairoq nu,e lqpureo ceqduee c es oicto nstituuenrea it contrefa�on sancptairol nensae nei clLe.s3 35-e2t s uivadnut Cso ded el ap ropriete intellectuelle. www.editions-ellipses.fr Presentdaelt aic oonl lection "Mathematail q'uUensi versite" Depuis cettceo llecsteip orno podseem ettrae l ad isposidteiseo tnu ­ 1997, diandtest roisiqeumaet,r ieemtce i nquieamnen eeds' etudseusp erieeunre s mathematidqeuseo su vragecso uvranlt' essednetspi reolgr ammeasc tuedless universfriatnefsa isCeesr.t aidnecs e osu vragepso urroenttru et ilaeuss saiu x etudiaqnutisp reparelneCt A PES l'Agregataiionnsq,iu 'auexl evdeess OU grandeesc oleetsa u xi ngenieduerssi raanctt ualliesuerrcs o nnaissances. Nousa vonvso ulrue ndrcee sl ivreasc cessiab tloeu:ss J essu jettrsa itseosn t presendteem sa niersei mpleetp rogressitvoeu,et n r espectsacnrtu puleu­ semenlta r iguemuart hematiqCuhea.q uveo lumceo mporetneg ,e neruanl , exposdeuc ours adveesdc e monstratdieotnasi ldleet eosu Jse rse sulteast­s sentideelsse ,n oncde'se xercidceeps r obJemes. OU Lam esurdee l aT err(es enest ymologiqduuem otg eomeetsrutn iede e)sp rin­ cipalseosu rcdeessm athematiqSuaenssr. e montjeurs qul''aE gyptaen cienne, rappelpoanrse xemplqeu ec es ondte st ravaduexg eodesqiueio ntc onduit CarlF riedrGiacuhs as d eveloplp'eert uddeess urfaceestn ,o tammenat i,n ­ trodu]i'raep plicqautipi oornta eu jourds'ohnun io m 1. La geometridei fferenteisetal lleab ased est heoripehsy siquleeps l uasc ­ tuellceosm,m eJ est heorideejs a ugJee,s t heorideessc ordeestd ess uper­ cordeOsu.t rseo ni nterpeutr emenmta thematiqcu'ee,us nt outiplu issant pourl ar epresentdautm ioonnd ep hysiqSuoen.e nseignemean lt' universite sed eveloapcpteu elledmeem natn ietrre esse nsibCl'ee.su tn eh eureuesveo ­ luticoanrt, o uetn d evelopp]a'nitm aginatli'oent,ud dele a g eometdriiffee ren­ tielpleer mesto uvedn'ta tteiunnderc eo mprehenas liaofo ni sp luisn tuitive etp lupsr ofonddee sgr andst heoremde'sa nalcyosmem,e p are xemplleet heo­ remed esfo nctioinmsp liciIltoeusvr.a gdee M adameC atheriDnoes s-Bachelet etM essieJuerasn -PiFrearnrfeo iesteC laudPieq uetd,o nlta p remieerdei tion a euu ngr ands ucceess,tu nee xcelleinntter oducat cieod no mainriec hee t passionnLaenl te.c teyut rr ouveurnaep resentaptrioogrne ssdievsce o ncepts essentiaevlesuc,n em ultitudd'ee xempillelsu stpraerds e r emarquabfil­es gureNsu.l d outqeu ec eotu vragseu scitdeersva o catidoeng se ometres. CharlesM-aMriiceh el PhilPiiplpieb ossian 1.C 'es!t' applicqautiai sosno cai ceh,a qupeo indtel as urfacdeu g lobtee rresltadr ier,e c­ tiodne l av erticaaslcee ndaenntc eep oinLte.l ecteturro uvelrada e finitgieonne raploeu,r II unes urfacqeu elconaquuC eh,a pitrdeu p reselnitv re. AVANT-OPPROS Cec oaue rtdseo npneen pdlaunstai nenaule rPe'sMsU e Cmn o doupltei onnel del icpeunicse m cooddmuuLml 3eeL. d ' eieet dapeir to lloceno goueprrts i onnel dec aldciuffled rupe rnetsmieeimleep rsa dtrear spe p ligceaotmieoLtners i ques. pridne!co i'rpgea ndiecs ea tecisodotuepn r a srp triorg redsecssoi euv,sre bment surfascyesstd,ei mffeesrp eonautbrio aeul ltdasie rfi ndievtsrai ieoesdnt,e fi s­ breedtse cso nneIcxloi uolvnpersr e.o grdaelmg ame eo mdeitffreirdeee n tielle la'greegptar toiqpouones lpeqi usaetuesext s u dqiusaion uthsaa piptreonfotn dir palrsa u ittheed oersi eis ti,een qsguualdtaiirfftoeinresgel enloemrsei,te rmiaen ­ ( nienneg,e nlr,ee.e.r..lI a aplte eiutvturi tetai eul aseus exit uddiepa hnytssi que ) poluers dqeunseo ltgsie oonmse storpnirtqe usceeosnm tmmeoeed se lsiyssa­tions ( temienst edgpera arbtlsieulcsrdau r leofl.e,ios tt s gienotdee,g.s..r.iL a qebusle ess ) proglri'ensfo rdmpeae trimqdeuetse to euntcteea tnptiperr aovcleih'cme a gerie geometnroiauqvsuos enu sgq gdueaelrn efiessge u res. Lan ouveedlidltenei o otlnri nevo rpuees r dmepe rto paouls eecurtn e ur teaxdtaeapl et'nes eiagunn ievmdeeuLan 3dut e g eloam deitffreireeedt ne t ielle lgae omdeeetsqr uiaedt iiffoenrse ntielles. Avlemaci espnel daucL eM, Dc eetn seiagc noenumnndeu en vte loppement quaic onfilrecmshe op iexd agqougneio qauuvsei fasoi nitysls uand ei zaine da'nnDeaecnses.nt otueev deil,ntl oieauo vsnos nosu heapnia tretr,ie cnufolriceerr, lceh aspuilrtes rsue r faces. Noauvso pnuas i dnosnien xeprl iucnidete emmoennsctto rmapdtluie otne TheoErgermeagd Gieau muN sosau.vs oa nuss siu nce elrintmoamiidbnnere e « » coquqiulcelo enstl epanr aeimetid eirtceipe oor np,.no osruesm ecrhcai­ons « » A leureluesse mcqeouonlintbl t iev egonuun elosfauu i spr aedr lete oubrsse rvations. Nous enxoprtrericemo onnnpsaa irstsiaCa c-.nuMMcl.aei r eelPtrPe. ei libossian dv'oaaicrc celepi tdvear lneesc u orl lection. TABLDEE MSA TIERES I C-ourbes I1.. CoudrabJR.nen,ssg ene.r a.l i.t .e s. . 1 . . . . . . I2.. Longdu'ne uudarecr ocu r. b.e. ... .. . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . I3..P arameptalrrlai o snagdtur'iecao.u n.r ........ .3 . . . . I4..C ourdbecusor uer pbleasn du 4 I5..E xemdpecl oeusdr upb leasn 6 I6.. Coueritbs eosm deupt lr.ain.e s. . . . . .. .7. . .. . . . . . . I7..C oudrubp eldsae nfi pnairee squ unaietm ipolJ(niyx c),i0 te8 = I8..C ou:r beetsu dd'neeuc oluoarcuvba oeli esd i'nn uapsgoiein n­t gulbirearn iecnhtfi.e n .si e..s . . . .. .. 1 .4. . . . . . . . . . . I9..C oudrablnes'sspe aJR.3c e 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . I1..0 Exer.c.ic.e s 20 IIS uarcfes - II.1.D etfiineoixne,m pplltaeansn ,g ent. 25 11..2 Exemdpesl uers:fa cqleuesas d r.i q.u e.s .. .2 6. 11..3 Coutrrbaescsude rees ssu rdfaeJR.c3• e s . 26 . • • . 11..4 Lap remfoiremforene d ame.n .t .a .l e.. .. .. .3. 2 . . . . . . . 151..L as ecfoornmfodene d am.e n.t a.l e.. . . 3.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . II.L6eT. h eoErgermea)gd) ieG u amu. s s. . . . 3.8 . . . . . . . . . « . II.7 .T heodreGe amues se-fotBr omnduneGle ietr .a r.d .. 3.8 . . . . 11..8 Exer.c.ic.e.s .. . . . . . . 39 II-IS o-uvsairetdeeJR.sn 11.11R.a pdpeetslh se ofornedmaemsde unc taalducixuff le ren4t5i el 11.1.2 Sous-dveJR.an r.i etes . 45 . . • . . • . . . • • . . • . . •. • . . • • . 11.1.3 Appli:lc teah teiodoreLnea smg ere altlne eg med meMe o r.s 4e7 11.1.4 Exer..c i.c e.s . . . . . . .50 . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .

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