Geology of Fossil Fuels --- Coal-Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress, Volume 18 Part B

166 Pages·1997·93.942 MB·\166

by  Yang Qi (Editor)

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 30TH INTERNAnONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS
VOLUME 18 PART 8
GEOLOGY oF FossiL FueLS - CoAL
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 30TH INTERNAnONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS
VOLUME 1 : ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF THE EARTH
VOLUME 2 : GEOSCIENCES AND HUMAN SuRVIVAL. ENVIRONMENT, AND
NATURAL HAZARDS
VOLUME 3 : GLOBAL CHANGES AND FUTURE ENVIRONMENT
VOLUME 4 : STRUCTURE OF THE LITHOSPHERE AND DEEP PRocesses
VOLUME 5 : CONTEMPORARY LITHOSPHERIC MOTION I SEISMIC GEOLOGY
VOLUME 6 : GLOBAL TECTONIC ZONES I SuPERCONTINENT FORMATION AND
DISPOSAL
VOLUME 7 : OROGENIC BELTS I GEOLOGICAL MAPPING
VOLUME 8 :BASIN ANALYSIS I GLOBAL SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY I
SeDIMENTOLOGY
VOLUME 9 : ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES FOR THE 21 ST CENTURY I
I
GeOLOGY OF MINERAL DePOSITS MINERAL EcONOMICS
VoLuME 10 : New T ecHNOLOGY FOR GeOSCIENCES
VOLUME 11 :STRATIGRAPHY
VOLUME 12 : P ALEONTOLOGY AND HISTORICAL GEOLOGY
VOLUME 13 : MARINE GEOLOGY AND PALAEOCEANOGRAPHY
VOLUME 14 : S TRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND GEOMECHANICS
VOLUME 15 : I GNEOUS PETROLOGY
VOLUME 16 :MINERALOGY
VOLUME 17 : P RECAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND METAMORPHIC f'EmoLOGY
VOLUME 18.A : G EOLOGY OF FOSSIL FuELS - OIL A ND GAS
VoLuME 18.8 :GEOLOGY O F FoSSJL F uELS- COAL
VOLUME 19 : G EOCHEMISTRY
VOLUME 20 :GEOPHYSICS
VoLUME 21 : QuATERNARY GEOLOGY
VOLUME 22 : HYDROGEOLOGY
VOLUME 23 :ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
VOLUME 24 : E NVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY
VOLUME 25 : M ATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY AND GEOtNFORMATICS
VOLUME 26 :COMPARATIVE PLANETOLOGY I GEOLOGICAL EDUCATION I
HISTORY OF GeosciENCES
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
30TH INTERNATIONAL
GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS
4 - 14 1996
BEIJING, CHINA, AUGUST
VOLUME 18 PART 8
GEOLOGY OF
FossiL FuELs -
CoAL
EDITOR:
YANG Ql
CHINA UNIVERSITY OF GEOSCIENCES, BEIJING, CHINA
0
CRC Press
Taylor & F rancis G roup
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press isa n imprint of t he
Taylor & Francis G roup, an informa b usiness
First p ublished 1997 by V SP BV P ublishing
Published 2 019 by C RC P ress
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken S ound P arkway N W, Suite 300
Boca R aton, FL 3 3487-2742
© 1997 by T aylor & Francis G roup, LLC
CRC P ress is an imprint o f Taylor & Francis G roup, an Informa b usiness
First i ssued i n p aperback 2 019
No claim t o original U .S. Government w orks
ISBN 13: 978-0-367-44828-8 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 978-90-6764-238-5 (hbk)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources.
Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but t he author
and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the
consequences of their u se. The authors and p ublishers have attempted t o trace the copyright
holders of a ll material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if
permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If a ny copyright material has not
been a cknowledged p lease write and let u s know s o we may r ectify i n a ny future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of t his book may be reprinted,
reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other
means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and
recording, or i n a ny i nformation s torage or r etrieval system, without w ritten p ermission f rom
the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access
www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance
Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a
not-for-profit organization that p rovides licenses and registration for a variety of u sers. For
organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by t he CCC, a separate system of
payment h as been a rranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used o nly f or identification a nd e xplanation w ithout i ntent t o infringe.
Visit t he T aylor & Francis W eb site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and t he C RC P ress W eb site at
http://www.crcpress.com
CONTENTS
The a pplications o f high-resolution s equence s tratigraphy t o p aralic
and t errestrial c oal-bearing s trata:
Two c ase s tudies from the Western North C hina P aleozoic Basin
and t he Tulufan-Hami Jurassic Basin
Li Baofang, Wen Xianduan, Kang Xidong and Li Guidong 1
Petrology a nd d epositional e nvironment o f Early J urassic c oal,
Western A ustralia
K.K. Sappal and N Suwarna 21
Depositional e volution a nd coal accumulation o f Ordos B asin
Wang Shuangming, Lu Daosheng and Zhang Yuping 33
Geologic factors affecting t he abundance, distribution, and
speciation o f sulfur i n coals
C.-L. Chou 47
Multistage m etamorphic e volution a nd s uperimposed m etamorphism
through m ultithermo-sources in Chinese c oal
Yang Qi. Wu Chonglong, Tang Dazhen, Kang Xidong and
Liu Dameng 59
Variations in coal rank p arameters with depth c orrelated with
Variscan compressional d eformation in the South W ales c oalfield
R. Gayer and R. Fowler 77
Coalification j umps, s tages a nd mechanism o f high-rank c oals i n China
Qin Yong and Jiang Bo 99
Advances of the e xploration a nd research of oil from coal i n C hina
Huang Difan and Qin Kuangzong 123
Study o n J urassic coal and c arbonaceous m udstone as oil source
rocks in Tuha B asin, North-Western China
Jin Kuili, Yao Suping, Wei Hui. Tang Yaogang, Fang Jiahu
and Hao Duohu 135
Reaction kinetics of coalification in the Ordos Basin, China
Liu Dameng, Yang Qi and Tang Dazhen 147

Proc. 30th b1t'l Geol. Congr. , Vol. 18, Part 8, pp. 1-19
Yang Qi (Ed.)
0 VSP 1997
The Applications of High-Resolution Sequence
Stratigraphy to Paralic and Terrestrial Coal-Bearing
Strata : Two Case Studies from the Western North China
Paleozoic Basin and the Tulufan-Hami Jurassic Basin
Ll BAOFANG, WEN XIANDUAN, KANG XIDONG, Ll GUIDONG
!Hpartment ofEnergy Geology, China University ofGeosciences
100083 Beijing, P. R. China
Abstract
Through the studies of h igh-resolution sequence stratigraphy on paralic Paleozoic coal measures of the
western North China c ratonic basin and terrestrial Jurassic coal measures of the Tulufan-Hami foreland basin,
it is recognized that the depositional environment, coalbed thickness and maceral composition variations are
mainly controlled by the relative seallake level changes. The main coal seam of E arly Permian occurs on the
bottom of the retrogradational sequence set of P11 , which onlaps from the south(basinward) to the
north(landward), and overlays the erosional surface of the Upper Carboniferous (2nd order sequence
boundary). Along with the marine limestone beds thinning and pinching out to the north, coalbeds of f our
sequences combine northward into a very thick coal seam. T here are no relationships between coal thickness
variations and their underlying sandbody distribution because the depositional process is not continuous.
Vitrinite, especially desmocollinite, of this coal scam, decreases landward to the north, and the inertinite and
kaolinite interbeds increase. In the Tulufan-Hami basin vitrinite-rich and thicker coal beds occur on the top of
the retrogradational sequence, which develops during the lake level of the basin rising. C oalbeds developed in
TST or retrogradational sequence sets are distributed more extensively and rich in vitrinite (especially
dc:smocollinitc:), with better hydrocarbon potential than those of the coalbeds developed in HST or
progradational sequence sets. C oalbeds ofTST m aybe is a n ew coal depositional model, and the previous coal
depositional models [5,6] are more suitable to the coalbeds developing in HST.
Keywords: high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, western North China. Tulufan-Hami, coal depositional
model
INTRODUCTION
Sequence stratigraphy analysis has very well been applied to the shoreline and shallow marine
deposits, especially in the passive continental margin (9, 11, 12). It can be used to resolve the
detailed correlations between successions in a relatively short contemporaneous geological time
interval and t o f ind out t he c haracteristics o f the d epositional responses w hich a re c ontrolled by t he
relative sea level changes. According to the principles of s equence stratigraphy, the relative sea
level changes a re related to the tectonic s ubsidence, global sea level change, sediments s upply and
climates[ II, 12).
Many paleobiology, coal geology and sedimentology research works have been done in the
western North China Paleozoic Coal Basin [2,3,8, 13) and the Tulufan-Harni Jurassic Coal
Basin[7], but some arguments still exist such as the biostratigraphy division, the sequence
stratigraphy d ivision, the r egional correlation of coal-bearing s trata, the d epositional environments
and t he regularities o f c oal thickness a nd coal quality e tc. Through the research of h igh-resolution
sequence s tratigraphy, s ome o f the a bove p roblems p robably w ill have a better i nterpretation.
2 Li Baofang ct al.
METHOD
These two studies are based on the outcrop investigation and drilling geophysical Jog analysis in
the t he Hedong Coalfield of t he western North China Coal Basin and the Tulufan-Hami Coal
Basin in northwestern China. In the Hedong Coalfield from the south to the north , 18 sections
(I : 200) are measured along the east side of t he Yellow River (Fig. I), and detailed works have
been done mainly in the middle area of Sanjiao-Liulin district. Cores from 5 drilling boreholes are
described and sampled. Several tens of d rilling borehole profiles and 5 drilling geophysical Jogs
are collected. In the Tulufan-Harni Basin 5 outcrop sections are measured, some cores are
examined and sampled, and drilling geophysical Jogs are collected. According to the collected
paleobiology and chronology data, the sequence stratigraphic units are divided and depositional
cross sections are made, which shows the detailed correlation between the measured outcrop
sections and the d rilling borehole sections. From these w orks t he conclusions are obtained.
STRATIGRAPHY F RAMEWORK I N WESTERN NORTH C HINA
Research works on stratigraphy of t he Paleozoic coal-bearing strata in the North China cratonic
basin have started for about a hundred years . The latest biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic
works have been done by the General Coal Geology and Exploration Bureau [8,13]. The
stratigraphic unit division is showed in Fig. 2.
Lithostratigraphic Unit
According to the lithofacies association, the Permo-Carboniferous coal-bearing strata in North
China are divided into Benxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi and Shihezi Formations. The Lower and Upper
Shihezi Formations contain workable coalbeds in southern North China, but not in this area. . The
Benxi Formation and Lower Member of T aiyuan Formation consist mainly of shoreline and
shallow marine clastic deposits, with 3-5 thin carbonate beds. The Middle and Upper Member of
Taiyuan Formation consist of bioclastic limestones and intercalated with some sandstones,
mudstones and coalbeds, represent carbonate ramp mixed with terristrial clastic deposits. Shanxi
Formation consists of deltaic clastic deposits and with mineable coalbeds intercalated. Gray
green coloured clastic deposi~ of Lower Shihezi Formation are developed on fluvial plain.
Lithofacies characteristics of t he Paleozoic coal-bearing strata in the Hedong Coalfield are very
similar to the representative section of t he West Hill of T aiyuan, where it is not far from the
middle of the research area.
Chrono-biostratigraphic Unit
Recent biostratigraphy works in Hedong Coalfield have been done by Zeng Xuelu and Yang
Guanxiu [2,3], Li Yunlan [8] and Wang Zengyin [13]. Three Fusulinids Zone were identified in
Benxi and Taiyuan Formations : Fusulina-Fusulinella Zone occurs in the limestones of B enxi
Formation, Triticites zone and Montiparus Zone occur in the Lower Member of Taiyuan
Formation, and Pseudoschwagerina Zone in the Middle and Upper Membero fTaiyuan Formation.
Because there are no marine beds in Shanxi Formation, the plant fossils Emplectoptaris
trangularis--Taeniopteris muctonata--Lobatannularia sinensis Assemblage occur in that stage.
In China t he Pseudoschwagerina zone used to represent t he latest fossils of Upper C arboniferous.
But in other c ountries these fossils are commonly considered as the earliest fossils zone occurring
in the beginning o f E arly Permian. In order to correlate with other countries many of t he Chinese
geologists agree to put the C-P boundary under the marine beds which containing the
Pseudoschwagerina Zone [Huang Jiqing et al., 13]. In this research we divide the C-P boundary
between the main coalbed ofTaiyuan Formation and its underclay, which is an exposed paleosol
3
High-rt:solution stqutnct stratigraphy
Zhungeerqi -1 • ·..
o
20 40km 2 ·
100"
-::-~..:~--------­
40 •
\
(
Ba
0 Linxian ·
Etuokeqi
i 0 . 8
0
Yinchuan

I

\
I
0
i Yanan
\
\ __...
Shilou
' · _ .-s ·
- · o Xian 0
1- Heidaigou
2-Chengpo 12-Jucaita
13-Sanchuanghe Puxian ·
3- liangjiaji
0
16
4-Jiuxian 14-Longmenta
5-Qiaotou 15-Shilin
Xiangnin . 17
' \.1
6-Palougou 16-Yipingyuang 18.
~9 . '
7- Guanjiaya 17-Taitou .· 20
8 - Pangpangta 18 -Gancaoshan
9-Zhaoxian 19 -Wangjialing .· o Hancheng
10 -Luotuoju 20-Xipo
Figure 1. Index map ofHedong C oalfteld, shows the distribution of the outcrops. the locatiOns of the measured