Geoica setulosa (Passerini) (Hemiptera: Aphididae): New distribution records for North America

4 Pages·2002·1.8 MB·

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
104(1), 2002, pp. 160-163
GEOICA SETULOSA (PASSERINI) (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE):
NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS FOR NORTH AMERICA
Gary L. Miller, Manya B. Stoetzel, Rolando Lopez, and Daniel A. Potter
(GLM, MBS) Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSL Agricultural Research Service,
MD
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bldt. 005, BARC-West, Beltsville, 20705, U.S.A.
(e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]); (RL, DAP) Department
of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 U.S.A. (e-mail: rlopez@
pop.uky.edu; [email protected])
—
Abstract. We report the first eastern United States records ofthe fordine aphid Geoica
setulosa (Passerini). Description and illustrations of the apterous viviparous female and a
key to species of Geoica in the United States are provided.
Key Words: Aphidoidea, North America, key, turfgrass
The genus Geoica (Hemiptera: Aphidi- corded from northwestern and central Eu-
dae) is comprised of at least 14 species rope, Italy, Iran, Turkey, and has recently
worldwide with the possibility of Geoica been reported as occurring in the United
utricularia (Passerini) representing a com- States from Idaho (Blackman and Eastop
plex ofspecies (Eastop and Hille Ris Lamb- 2000). Recent collections of G. setulosa
ers 1976, Remaudiere and Remaudiere from Kentucky indicate that it has a much
1997). Geoica is considered an Old World greater distribution than its first collection
genus (Blackman and Eastop 2000) and. from Idaho would indicate. In Iran, G. se-
until recently, four species of Geoica were tulosa is holocyclic with its primary host,
recognized from North America: Geoica lu- Pistacia khinjuk Stocks. In Europe, it is ex-
cifuga (Zehntner), Geoica pellucida (Buck- clusively anholocyclic on grass roots
ton), Geoica squamosa Hart, and Geoica (Blackman and Eastop 2000). Collections
utricularia (Passerini) (Smith and Parron of G. setulosa in the United States have
1978). However, Geoica pellucida (Buck- been made from roots of grasses and En-
ton) and Geoica squamosa Hart are now glish plantain.
both considered synonyms of Geoica utri-
Materials and Methods
cularia (Passerini) (Remaudiere and Re-
maudiere 1997). Certain members of this Synoptic descriptions are based on pub-
genus exhibit a complex, 2-year life cycle lished descriptions as well as material from
with alternation between galls on Pistacia, the Aphididae portion of the National Col-
pistachio (Anacardiaceae), and migration to lection of Insects (USNM), Beltsville,
and from their secondary host where pop- Maryland. In Specimens Examined, apter-
ulations feed on the roots ofGramineae and ous adults are abbreviated as "ap. ad." For
occasionally Cyperaceae (Brown and specimens collected at the same locality, on
Blackman 1994, Blackman and Eastop the same date, and from the same host plant
2000). as previously listed, the duplicate informa-
Geoica setulosa (Passerini) has been re- tion is not repeated. Unless otherwise not-
VOLUME 104, NUMBER 1 161
mm
0.130
Figs. 1-5. Geoica setulosa. 1, Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) aspects apterous adult female head and an-
tennae. 2. Variations of body setae. 3, Ultimate rostral segment. 4, Acuminate ventral abdominal seta with
polygonal reticulate pattern. 5, Anal plate region.
—
ed, voucher material consists of a single Field characters. Coloration ofapterous
slide (si.). Specimens were measured using viviparous females range from "... dirty
a Nikon Eclipse E600® compound micro- whitish or greenish grey . . ." (Heie 1980)
scope. Measurements are presented in mil- to "... yellowish-white to greyish-white,
limeters (mm) as minimum and maximum some creamy . . ." (Theobald 1929); ". . .
ranges of representative specimens. antennae dusky, apices darkened; legs
brown; rostrum dark at apex ." (Theo-
. .
Geoica setulosa (Passerini) bald 1929). In specimens preserved in
(Figs. 1-5) EtOH the head, prothorax, legs, antennae,
Tychea setulosa Passerini 1860: 40. and rostrum are crineous, the last segment
Tycheoides setulosa: Theobald 1916: 52. of the rostrum is fuscous, and the base of
Geoica setulosa: Theobald 1929: 197. most body setae is delineated by slight am-
Geoica herculana Mordvilko 1935: 215. ber markings. Body form is globose.
Geoica setulosa: Eastop and Hille Ris Recognition cha—racters from slide-
Lambers 1976: 204. mounted specimens. Apterous viviparous
Geoica setulosa: Heie 1980: 198. female (Figs. 1-5): Body ovoid without
Geoica setulosa: Remaudiere and Remau- wax gland plates, length 1.500-2.136 mm;
diere 1997: 240. width through eyes, 0.279-0.409 mm. Eye
—
.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
162
with three ommatidia. Antenna 5-segment- while they could not be identified with cer-
ed (Fig. 1), shorter than body, sHghtly dark- tainty to species, we can assume that
er than rest ofbody, without secondary sen- winged adults of G. setulosa may occur in
soria, primary sensoria elongate and evert- Kentucky. Geoica setulosa is probably also
ed; length of segment: I, 0.062-0.086 mm; anholocyclic in the United—States.
II, 0.062-0.081 mm; III, 0.093-0.123 mm; Specimens examined. U.S.A.: Ken-
IV, 0.062-0.068 mm; base of V, 0.056- tucky, Lexington, University of Kentucky
0.074 mm; terminal process of V, 0.019- lawn #1, on Kentucky bluegrass [Poa pra-
0.031 mm. Setae on body and appendages tensis^, R. Lopez collector, USNM: V-4-
variable, ranging from acuminate, multifid, 1999 (20 ap. ad. 9 on 6 si.); Spindletop
capitate, to flabellate (Fig. 2), with dense Research Farm, on Kentucky bluegrass
random placement on dorsum. Rostrum ex- [Poapratensis}, R Lopez collector, USNM:
tending to metacoxae; length of ultimate V-24-1999 (1 ap. ad. ?); Spindletop Re-
segment (Fig. 3), 0.136-0.167 mm, with 8- search Farm, on Falcon II tall fescue [Fes-
10 accessory setae, shorter than hind tarsal tuca arundinarea Schreber], R. Lopez col-
segment II. Length of metafemur, 0.223- lector, USNM: VI-19-1999 (16 ap. ad. 9 on
0.279 mm; metatibia, 0.217-0.310 mm; 6 si.); on Aurora hard fescue [Festuca lon-
metatarsus II, 0.087-0.093 mm. Abdominal gifolia Thuill], R. Lopez collector, USNM:
venter with polygonal reticulate pattern VI-19-1999 (14 ap. ad. 9 on 5 si.); on
(Fig. 4). Cornicles absent. Anus positioned Adelphi Kentucky bluegrass [Poa pratensis
dorsally, anal plate rectangular with numer- L. adelphi], R. Lopez collector, USNM: VI-
ous small setae dorsally and a median row 19-1999 (1 ap. ad. 9); on Palmer II peren-
of paired setae (Fig. 5). nial ryegrass [Loliuniperenne L.], R. Lopez
Biology. Geoica setulosa is anholo- collector, USNM: VI-19-1999 (4 ap. ad. 9
cyclic in Northern and Central Europe with on 3 si.); on Kentucky bluegrass [Poa pra-
alatae being extremely rare or absent (Heie tensis], L., R. Lopez collector, USNM: VI-
KY
1980). It feeds on the roots ofgrass species 25-1999 (1 ap. ad. 9); on 31 tall fescue
such as Agrostis, Alopecunis, Corynepho- w/endophyte, R. Lopez collector, USNM:
rus, Festuca, and Holcus (Heie 1980) and VII-02-1999 (2 ap. ad. 9).
has also been recorded from Setaria sp..
Key TO Apterae of North American
Oryzci sativa L., and Triticum vulgare Vill.
Geo/ca
[= Triticum aestivum L.] (Theobald 1929).
(Modified from
It was reported in Idaho (Blackman and
Blackman and Eastop 2000)
Eastop 2000) where it was collected on
Panicum capillare L., Poa pratensis L., 1 Anal plate with numerous subequal setae ran-
Hordeum jubatum L., Echinochloa cnis- domly dispersed Geoica ittricidaria group
- Anal plate with median row ofpaired, long se-
galli (L.) Beauvois, Phalaris anmdinaceae
tae in addition to shorter dorsal setae (Fig. 5)
L., Avenafatua L., Setaria lutescens (Wei- 2
gel) F. T. Hubbard [= Peimisetum glauciim 2. Dorsal body setae randomly placed; primary
(L.) R.Br.], and "?crabgrass" (Halbert, per- sensoriumelongate; lastrostralsegment0.136-
sonal communication). Geoica setulosa has 0.167 mm long .... Geoica setulosa (Passerini)
- Dorsal body setae forming transverse rows;
also been associated with ants including
primary sensorium subcircular; last rostral seg-
Lasius niger (L.) (Theobald 1929) and Las- ment 0.170-0.240 mm long
ius flavus (F.) (Heie 1980, Blackman and Geoica liicifuga (Zehntner)
Eastop 2000). Geoica setulosa collected in
Discussion
Kentucky always were found associated
with the ant Lasius neoniger Emery on the Although members of Geoica are not
roots of grass. Alatoid nymphs were col- considered economically important (Foottit
lected in the population of G. setulosa and. and Richards 1993), their association with
VOLUME NUMBER
104, 1 163
grass and aphid-tending ants can be prob- to emigrant alatae. Systematic Entomology 19:
lematic. This is especially true where close- 119-132.
ly-mowed turfgrass is managed on golf Eastoopf,tVh.eEWoarnldd'Ds.AHpihlildesR.isDrL.amWb.erJsu.nk,197P6u.blSisuhrevresy,
courses. Associated ants, e.g., L. neoniger, The Hague. 573 pp.
tend to build mounds around the plants that Foottit, R. G. and W. R. Richards. 1993. The genera
serve as hosts for Geoica. These ant ofthe Aphids ofCanada. Homoptera: Aphidoidea
mounds are not only unsightly but they and Phylloxeroidea. Part 22 of the Insects and
smother the grass, dull mower blades, and Arachnids of Canada. Centre for Land and Bio-
logical Resources Research, Publication 1885, Ot-
disrupt the smoothness and uniformity of tawa, Ontario, 765 pp.
playing surfaces, including tees, fairways, Heie, O. E. 1980. The Aphidoidea(Hemiptera)ofFen-
and putting greens (Lopez and Potter2000). noscandia and Denmark. I. General part. The
FamiliesMindaridae, Hormaphididae,Thelaxidae,
Acknowledgments Anoeciidae, and Pemphigidae. Fauna Entomolo-
gica Scandinavica 9, 236 pp.
We thank Susan E. Halbert, Florida De- Lopez, R. and D. A. Potter. 2000. Ant predation on
partment of Agriculture, Gainesville, FL, eggs and larvae of the black cutworm (Lepidop-
for her collection records of Geoica setu- tera: Noctuidae) and the Japanese beetle (Cole-
losa from Idaho. We also thank Andrew S. oEpntteoram:olSocgayrab29a:eid1a1e6)-1i2n5.turfgrass. Environmental
Jensen, Moses Lake, WA, and Eric Grissell, Mordvilko, A. K. 1935. Die Blattlause mit unvollstan-
USDA, ARS, Systematic Entomology Lab- digem Generationszyklusund ihre Entstehung.Er-
oratory, Washington, DC, for their reviews gebnisse und Fortschritte derZoologie 8: 36-328.
and comments on the manuscript. Collec- Passerini, G. 1860. Gli Afidi con un prospetto dei ge-
neri ed alcune specie nuove Italiane. Parma, 46
tions of Geoica in Kentucky were support-
pp.
ed in part by a grant from the U.S. Golf Remaudiere, G. and M. Remaudiere. 1997. Catalogue
Association to D. A. Potter. ofthe World's Aphididae Homoptera Aphidoidea.
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,
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