11th Annual Technical Forum GEOHAZARDS IN TRANSPORTATION IN THE APPALACHIAN REGION August 2‐4, 2011 Chattanooga, TN Hosted by: Tennessee Department of Transportation Sponsored by: CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL, GEOTECHNICAL, AND APPLIED SCIENCES Appalachian Coalition Chair: Dr. Tony Szwilski, P.E. Co-Chair: Kirk Beach 11th Annual Technical Forum GEOHAZARDS IN TRANSPORTATION IN THE APPALACHIAN REGION DoubleTree Hotel, Chattanooga, TN, August 2‐4 2011 TECHNICAL PROGRAM DAY 1: August 2, 2011 FIELD TRIP (8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.) 5:00 – 7:00 p.m. Exhibitor Set Up 7:00 – 9:00 p.m. Reception and Registration DAY 2: August 3, 2011 7:00 a.m. Registration 8:00 a.m. Welcome: Tony Szwilski (CEGAS) Opening Session: Rockfalls and Rock Reinforcement Chair: Vanessa Bateman (USACE Nashville) 1) Recent Developments in Rockfall Barrier Applications and Testing ‐ Pete Ingraham, Golder. 2) SPIDER Rock Protection System ‐ Joseph Bigger, Geobrugg . 3) Response to Rock Slope Failure at Ocoee#2 diversion Flume ‐ Lindsay Cooper 4) Repair of the SR 115 (US 129, Tail of the Dragon) Rockslide, near Maryville, Tennessee ‐ David Barker, TDOT. 10:00 a.m. BREAK 10:30 a.m. Concurrent Sessions Session 2: Mines and AMD Issues‐Part 1. Chair: Kirk Beach (ODOT) 1) Hazardous Highwalls‐ Ground Control for Surface Mines ‐ Patrick E. Gallagher, P.E., CPGS, President of CTL Engineering of WV, Inc. 2) Mine Subsidence Engineering: An Overview ‐ Gennaro G. Marino, Ph.D., P.E. of Marino Engineering Associates, Inc. 1 3) Engineering Geophysical Applications to Mine Subsidence Risk Assessment ‐ Kanaan Hanna, Steve Hodges and Jim Pfeiffer of Zapata Incorporated, Blackhawk Division and Keith Heasley of West Virginia University. Session 3: Geohazards and Infrastructure Chair: Len Oliver (TDOT) 1) Mitigation of Shallow Plane Slope Failures and Severe Erosion of Slopes Using Geosynthetic System Technology ‐ Melanie Furman, P.E., and Michael F. Clements of Huesker. 2) An Innovative Approach to Characterizing, Permitting, and Constructing Landfills in Karst Geologic Settings ‐ Robert Bachus, Geosyntec 3) Railroads vs. Earthquakes ‐ John R. Tomlin, P.E., Engineer ‐ Geotechnical Services, Norfolk Southern Railway Company. 4) Heartland Corridor Clearance Improvement Project ‐ Norfolk Southern Railway Company, Walton, Virginia to Columbus, Ohio – Randy Zeiger, AMEC 12:30 p.m. LUNCH: Speakers ‐ Chester Sutherland; Wes Hughen 1:45 p.m. Concurrent Sessions Session 4: Flood Inundation Prediction Chair: Hugh Bevans (USGS) 1) Using Geographic Information System Methods to Map and Predict Flood Inundation in Tennessee ‐ David E. Ladd, Hydrologist, USGS Tennessee Water Science Center, Nashville, Tennessee. 2) Inundation Information on the Internet‐‐Flood Forecasting Everybody Can Use ‐ S.G. (Jerry) Gilbert, P.E., DEE., CFM and John D. Rains, Engineering Perfection, PLLC, South Charleston, West Virginia. 3) A Partnered Flood Inundation Mapping Initiative ‐ Scott E. Morlock, Deputy Director, USGS Indiana Water Science Center, Indianapolis, Indiana. 4) Forecast‐Flood Inundation Maps Using Two‐Dimensional Hydraulic Modeling: A Pilot Study for the Snoqualmie River, Washington ‐ Joseph L. Jones, Hydrologist, USGS Washington Water Science Center, Tacoma, Washington. 2 Session 5: Karst Issues Chair: John Tomlin (NS) 1) Geotechnical Roadway Design for Karst Environments ‐ Walter G. Kutschke, PhD, PE, URS Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA. 2) Case Histories of Sinkhole Remediation Using Cap and Compaction Grouting ‐ Michael Bivens, P.E., Rembco Geotechnical Contractors, Inc., Knoxville, TN. 3) Karst Geohazards Along Highways In East Tennessee, Identification and Mitigation ‐ Harry Moore, Golder Associates, Atlanta, GA. 4) Geo‐Design Applications In Karst Environments ‐ William D. Spencer, P.G., Jaye Richardson, and Christopher Ramsey, PE, AMEC Earth & Environmental, Nashville, TN. Session 6: Mines and AMD Issues‐Part 2. Chair: Kirk Beach (ODOT) 1) Pandora’s Box: The Skytop Section of Route I‐99, Centre County, Pennsylania ‐ David (Duff) P. Gold, P.G., Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Arnold G. Doden, P.G. of Geologic Mapping and Resource Evaluation, Inc., and Lawrence A. Beck, P.E. 2) IHI Underground Coal Mine Fire Mitigation: Geophysical Geotechnical Evaluation / Excavation and Quenching Project ‐ Kanaan Hanna, Steve Hodges, and Jim Pfeiffer of Zapata Incorporated, Blackhawk Division, Golden, CO and Adolph Amundson, Tara Tafi and Steve Renner of the Colorado Division of Reclamation, Mining and Safety, Denver, CO. 3) Conceptual Alternative Study for the Remediation of Existing Gypsum Mines under SR‐2 ‐ Andrew Wolpert, P.E. of CH2M HILL, Lynn Yuhr P.G. of Technos, Inc., Pat Gallagher, P.E., P.S., CPGS of CTL Engineering of WV, Inc. and Warren Whittaker of Workhorse Technologies, LLC. 3:45 p.m. BREAK 4:15 p.m. Concurrent Sessions Session 7: Instrumentation and Monitoring Chair: Steve Brewster (USACE Huntington) 1) Instrumentation of the I‐40 Slide near Rockwood, Tennessee ‐ Lori McDowell, TNDOT. 2) Monitoring of Geohazards Impacting Highway Projects using TDR ‐ Dr. Kevin O'Connor. 3 3) Soo Locks Construction Instrumentation ‐ Ronald J. (Jeff) Rakes U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Huntington District. 4) Instrumentation as a Construction Monitoring Tool and the use of Controlled Response Communications ‐ William (Bill) Walker, and Michael Zoccola, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Nashville District. Session 8: Geotech Structures Chair: Wael Zatar (MU) 1) CSXT Emergency Response for Flood Repairs ‐ Christopher Ramsey, AMEC Earth & Environmental. 2) Wolf Creek Dam Foundation Remediation: An Update on Construction Progress and Associated Lessons Learned ‐ Joshua Bomar, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Nashville District. 3) Navigation Lock Foundation Design in Complex Karst Geology at Chickamauga Dam ‐ Mark Elson, Juan Payne, and Dewayne Ponds, US Army Corps of Engineers. 4) Influence of Weak Pennsylvanian System Shales in OH and KY on Transportation Projects ‐ Rich Williams, Stantec. 6:15 p.m. Adjourn DAY 3: August 4, 2011 7:30 a.m. Registration 8:00 a.m. Concurrent Sessions Session 9: Failures and Forensic Geology Chair: Brian Bruckno (VDOT) 1) Defining a Role for Geology and Forensic Geology in Site Characterization for LRFD ‐ Robert C. Bachus, Ph.D., P.E., Geosyntec Consultants, Kennesaw, GA, Naresh Samtani, Ph.D., P.E., NCS Consultants, Tucson, AZ 2) Do’s and Don’ts for Geotechnical Investigations in Appalachian Karst ‐ Joseph A. Fischer, P.E., PhD, President Geoscience Services. 4 3) Digital Photos and 3D Models for Documentation and Visualization of Failed Slopes ‐ Jeffrey R. Keaton, MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, John C. Mason, MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc., Knoxville, TN, Carl D. Tockstein, MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc., Knoxville, TN and Stanley L. Hite, MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc., Richmond, VA. 4) A Rock Stress Release Failure and Quarry Flooding Attributed to the May 2010 Nashville Flood ‐ John D. Godfrey, Jr., P.E. (Presenter), K.S. Ware & Associates, LLC, Gregory W. Brubaker, P.E, K.S. Ware & Associates, LLC Session 10: Information Technology and Data Delivery Chair: Matt Crawford 1) Displaying Joint Data via the Kentucky Geological Survey’s Online Map Service ‐ Steven L. Martin, Kentucky Geological Survey, Lexington, KY. 2) Analysis of the Geologic Context of Maintenance Costs for Rockfalls, Landslides, and Sinkholes in Kentucky: Phase II ‐ Overfield, B.L., Weisenfluh, G.A., Carey, D. I., and Wang, Rebecca. Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. 3) Tennessee's Geohazard Management Program: Moving from Disaster Recovery towards Asset Management – Vanessa Bateman, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Nashville District. 4) Using Geographic Information System Techniques to Identify and Delineate Karst Features in Tennessee ‐ David E. Ladd, Hydrologist, USGS Tennessee Water Science Center, Nashville, Tennessee. 10:00 a.m. BREAK 10:30 a.m. Session 11: Landslides Chair: Ben Rivers (FHWA) 1) Mapping Landslide Hazards Using Lessons from Earthquake Insurance ‐ Jeffrey R. Keaton, MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Los Angeles, CA, and Richard J. Roth, Jr., Consulting Actuary, Huntington Beach, CA. 2) Stabilization of a Large Wedge Failure Utilizing a Passive Anchor System, Interstate 40, North Carolina, Pigeon River Gorge ‐ Jody C. Kuhne, North Carolina Department of Transportation, Asheville, NC. 3) Slope Failure and Underlying Geologic/Manmade Causes ‐ Joseph D. Carte and George A. Chappell Sr., West Virginia Division of Highways, Charleston, WV. 5 4) Coupled Use of Instrumentation and Geologic History to Assess Movement, Performance, and Stabilization of Large Landslide in Western Pennsylvania ‐ Robert C. Bachus, Jill Simons, and Leslie Griffin, Geosyntec Consultants, Kennesaw, GA. 12:30 p.m. Closing Remarks and Adjourn 6 GEOHAZARDS IN TRANSPORTATION IN THE APPALACHIAN REGION ABSTRACTS DAY 1 Opening Session: Rocks and Rock Reinforcement Chair: Vanessa Bateman (USACE Nashville) Recent Developments in Rockfall Barrier Applications and Testing Pete Ingraham, Golder ABSTRACT: Rockfall barriers have been in use by transportation departments for over 25 years in the US. Barrier technology has improved over time to include a broad range of materials to catch and arrest falling rocks, and to be used for rockfall drape systems to control rockfall trajectory. Pinned drape systems, commonly used in Europe are gaining favor in some states where roadways are narrow and do not have shoulders. Hybrid systems combining barrier and drape systems to control rockfalls and attenuate rockfall energy have been developed in the US and are now gaining popularity in Europe. Testing procedures for barriers has been established for EU countries and is being developed for north American application under AASHTO. The current state of practice in North America and Europe is reviewed for these systems together with testing methods and upcoming developments from NCHRP and TRB regarding applications and testing. SPIDER Rock Protection System Joseph Bigger, Geobrugg ABSTRACT: Stabilizing rock formations or blocks has been a combination of engineering and art and common techniques include rock bolts with or without cable lashing and/or nets. The recent development of SPIDER Nets lead to the SPIDER Rock Protection System for stabilizing rock formations. Further, the Ruvolum Rock Dimensioning program was changed for the SPIDER System and it is now a tool for engineers and designers to use. The program is used on‐line and it allows the user to analyze sliding and toppling mechanisms. The program is based on Mohr‐Coulomb Equilibrium theory and it establishes the relationship between driving and stabilizing forces. The program allows the user to input various site conditions, select anchor spacing and size and the result is an optimized arrangement for the given conditions. As part of the program development, the concept was modeled and tested under laboratory conditions. Field evaluation was completed in 2009 to further verify the program. The program has been successfully used for applications in place in Europe and Asia. 7 Response to Rock Slope Failure at Ocoee No. 2 Diversion Flume Lindsay Cooper, Staff Geologist, ARCADIS US, Inc., lcooper@arcadis‐us.com ABSTRACT: The Ocoee rockslide occurred along the Ocoee No. 2 Flume in late April 2010 destroying approximately 70 feet of flume and damaging additional sections upstream and downstream. An emergency assessment of the rockslide area immediately following the event evaluated safety and stability of the site for river recreational visitors and flume reconstruction personnel. Three primary hazards at the site included partially detached and overhanging rocks along the surface of the upper slope; a potentially unsettled debris pile; and possible loose rock along the slope below the flume. In response, a rock stabilization program was developed for the upper slope to minimize risk of additional falling rock during implementation of repairs, and a buffer zone was established at the base of the slope to prohibit public access. The rock stabilization of the upper slope consisted of clearing trees, scaling loose rock, and installing rock bolts. Scaling the slope removed loose and unsupported rock slabs within the capacity of the scaling equipment. Rock bolts were planned to secure any remaining unstable rock slabs. Drilling for the initial rock bolts revealed a system of interconnected voids that warranted additional investigation. An exploratory program was conducted to further evaluate the subsurface conditions. The exploratory investigation provided evidence of potential failure planes deeper within the rock mass. As a result, a more comprehensive rock stabilization approach was developed including additional rock bolts and phased excavation of the debris pile. The objective of the modified design was to stabilize the rock mass across the deeper‐seated discontinuities while taking into consideration the potential stability the debris pile offered to the upper slope. The completion of debris removal and flume demolition exposed the foundation of the flume. Fractured and loose rocks were visible all along the outer edge of the lower slope, which serve as the flume foundation. An exploratory investigation was conducted to obtain additional information regarding the subsurface conditions of the foundation. The results of the investigation revealed further evidence of the uncertain stability of the foundation. The scope of work was expanded to include rock stabilization of the lower bluff to reinforce the rock foundation of the flume. The rock stabilization program was performed to mitigate the unstable conditions that resulted from the rockslide along the Ocoee No. 2 Flume. A combination of scaling and rock bolting was performed to facilitate safe flume repair, enhance the stability of the upper slope, and reinforce the flume foundation. The installation of post‐tensioned rock bolts places the rock mass under compression and reduces the potential for a future slide in the area that is bolted. 8 Repair of the SR 115 (US 129, Tail of the Dragon) Rockslide, near Maryville, Tennessee David Barker, TDOT ABSTRACT: In March of 2010, a significant rockslide event blocked SR 115 (US 129) along the northeastern shore of Chilhowee Reservoir, near the southern terminus of the Foothills Parkway in Blount County. Fortunately, no one was injured as a result of the slide, and TDOT Maintenance forces cleared one lane of traffic of debris within 24 hours. However, an inspection of the slope revealed that unstable material remained on the slope, and the geotechnical office recommended the complete closure of the road. Although there was no choice but to close this section of road, the decision resulted in economic hardships for several businesses that serve the motorcyclists who travel to this area to ride “The Dragon”, a section of US 129 that boasts 318 curves in 11 miles. For this and other reasons, the Department placed a high priority on reopening this route in a timely manner. This presentation discusses the challenges that accompany the assessment, design, and implementation of complex slide repair on an accelerated time schedule. Session 2: Mines and AMD Issues‐Part 1. Chair: Kirk Beach (ODOT) Hazardous Highwalls‐ Ground Control for Surface Mines Patrick E. Gallagher, P.E., CPGS, President of CTL Engineering of WV, Inc., 733 Fairmont Rd., Morgantown ,WV , 26501 ABSTRACT: On April 17, 2007 a fatal mining accident at a surface mine in Barton Maryland, prompted the Mine Safety and Health Administration to begin an investigation into ground control plans where mine voids are present in a surface mine highwalls. It was determined that ground control plans for surface mines needed to address the stability of exposed highwalls. MSHA required that a mine highwall be designed to a minimum Factor of Safety of 1.5 against total collapse. We completed research and developed a stability model whereby the highwall could be analyzed using a sliding block analysis. This presentation explores all of the conditions that affect highwall stability and how these conditions interact with the stability model. We used the pre‐failed highwall condition at the Barton Maryland mine to establish a baseline for the sliding block analysis and the pertinent input parameters to evaluate a given highwall. We further developed benching and scaling recommendations to enhance the stability factor. Parameters such as internal angle of friction, fracture orientation, mine subsidence impacts, unit weights and other parameters were researched and defined for the model. Many conditions such as fracture spacing, strike and dip, bench spacing, highwall slope and geologic structure are some conditions we use in the final design of a highwall. 9
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