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QFOGRAPHY OF JAMMU & KASHMIR SOMF ASPECTS. LEAR B UMENAL EO Yee NOONE f He GEOGRAPHY OF JAMMU) & KASHMIR (SOME ASPECTS) Compited By Majid Hussain Bupindst Zutshi Mondira Dutta Mobummad Sidéiaive ‘Tesswour A. Kanth Dept. of Geography G Regional Develooment ‘Univarsity of Kasiver Srinagar 120.006 ARIANA PUBLISHING HOUSE NEW DELHI Pouiished by? ARIANA PUBLISHING! HOUSE 6-122, INDERPURL, New BELHI-110012, urdbound) (Paperbeck) Pristed and Published by + ARIANA PUBLISHING HOUSE EG-132, Inderpue, New Dethi-{ (001 Sponsored Deparment of Googranity & Regional Devetoomont university of Rashmit, Stinagar.1 90008 Foreword [Ess miter of around pirate for me to note that the Department of Geageuphy and Regional Development is hosting the t= Annual Coaferenee of the Ingiua National Cartegraphie Assuciusion. Those coaferences help the scholars of the host department to interaet with ehstingsished setolars in the specialised field of the conference from uli ever the couuley, ‘This seposure Helps rapid aeuslemin erowth of the Mepartinent oa sight zad modern Hines ‘The idee oF beiagiag, ov an authentse publication ou the hnsbitat, ecosomy and enlture of the State of Jammu and Kashibir is mat wolvome. The Stat of Jamzin and Kashanir isa neique cnltural cegion in the cemote uuith western euraer Of India. While politically « frontlios State its unmazched sezole gcaudeur and invigorating climars have not been able to gezerate more than tourist interes? ia this ste. The wcedemie ‘aud research interes: in the diverse cultures of The State and in its ecanomie deveiopment have been only marginal Ths cultural splendaur of is three regions vi7., Tadaleh, the Valley and Jamiau ave “illle known to even she Indiens living outside the Siete, The series of articles publisbee in this Volume focus oa the topography of the State, the cultural traits of its people, their eeonomie occupations, the haunting charm and seeaic beauty of tie land, This voltme presents aan authentic and fascinating tecount of the Stats of Jaxamu and Kashmir as the bistoriads, geogrephers ond scientists see it This inter-diseiplinary contribution to the understanding of the Stare and its people catches theit ethas and spin: and therefore makes this volume an absocbing study (PROF, 8, MANZOOR AT.AM) View-Chanceltor, Universisy of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar-6 o EN Preface HE prosent work ‘Geography of Jams ana Kashmie: Some Aspects isthe outcome of te fheulty’s decision to publish a collection o* articles on. the major acoataphicel themes of te Jammu and Keshm's Sas on ths. cocasion of ths Fifth annual Coufeienes of the India Nalivual Cartogiaphie Associatiun INCA) 0 be held under the auspices of the University. of Karhmin “tom 47 Septemer. The initial iden of publishing a ‘Souvenir’ nally resulted into the publication oF she present monograph, owing 70 tze constant encouragement by the Vise= Chancellor, University. of Kashmir aud the untiring efforts of. ‘the'teacher: aud staf of the Departmers ‘Tue book is deals with the systematic 24 olear anderstand- ing of the physicel and socio-cesnomic structure ef the richly endowed but relarively underdeveleped state of the Northern, India fg, Jammu and Kash Tue book opens witha Drief chapter ou the ‘Steaatephue Profile of ie Siete” giving the physicel stage of the repion on ‘whieh He increasing population is struggling to imerove the ‘ality of life and trausferming the physical landscape at an Uunprecédeated rate. ‘The straUzsapbie siructue is followed by aeoucise account of the “‘Tadus Shyok Fursow' revealing. the plysiographic and regional charactesstien of the peculiar furrow, The subsequent three chapters dealing with: the Diffusion of Plants in the region, majur types uf Moru, and the Ghonging Vegetation of Kashar yive @ comprehensive pleture oP the Vegetation-mostic of the state in question. It bas been: underscored in these articles that the judicious use ofthe existing natucal’ segetation ‘s imperative to maintain the ceological balance and (0 Keep the eco-systems in heelthy resilience conditios, The Karewas (lacustrine and fuvial deposits) utilised genecally for the cultivation of saflron and orchards are the ) (oi eats ofthe Vel of Karka “whee re blog he nde 8 souente) espe Foe nts ace dean VCD eee rte ire aa a aavs wth dteusson over spa dsteibon of finjor the ee groupe; ofighn, yoLeentrlon, thie ezaraix ae ots Mags aqt Soteon Gales bate bem Cale Muse ante: Gace aiaepite ee recaps reer operate Beg ead corn aignsen, ealith ney a Fg allen feo fale alteh stim <0 cna a eee ee ees ebons metas Peconalty ef kubnie eed ee serge Fe mcolun aretiah. cone Gee ern tbebalte-of vaporal Sut hutch atin, ee ee Ale cciony ac ae hin sll ttn epoagte ge one Gaerne gastos : ok aly hs Clegg ts ag neon taetew ove the Goan Goer nena ete uae Be eae eae Hosaeoy ute dl dai itag s Faas tt Kasha Dvn, plu gtbien of ie DaLLaGy So eo ies ne ee ane ee en ee ee ee eee RS 2 oto ihe es Me bony erected ins voniarcaiae Oe Exes bog with scenes of fc! Heres ns ban ive tinge te books a alan, ae thea ok eee ee ee futher reading, containing, the rost generally. ustul works for fae a oe a On Scale cli, Deparment Gcostphy and Regioal Developeat, Unies of karting spree Uistinct lopagrephic to ‘my deep sense of apzteciation 0 the University of Kashmir find the vaelous business. establisimezss for providing generous Jinanciat suppoot ws the subsidy for the publcetion of the presere menagsxph, Professor S, Mansoor Alaz:, Vice-Chaueelior, University of Kasha, took petsoual keen interest {0 aee the work published tind released on ths accasiou of the Filih INCA Coafereaee. He deserves spect thamks not only for vrtiug the Yoreword? os the hoo’ but iso for is perennial eaccuragmen: witzout ‘hich it would have been aificilt to finigh the task Stim Tfeclnersouully indebted to all the centriutocs of papers ho cespandcd prampty to my vsll end coutributed papers i short tine on the assigned themes, I woud also like to express my sep appreciation to several uber groups of people who cantuibuled substentiully to tae crealion of this monograph. First to wy culleeques, who not ‘uly contributed pansis for che book but helped mae in golog ‘lurcugh the papers, maps and diagiams. Second to the technical ace supportinu staff who faciliateé its deveopment and roductiou, especially, Miss. Gtudir Fatima, ‘Me. Khurshid Auvar, Miss Ullat, Mr Ab. Mujeec Waui, Mr. G.ML. Sheikh and She AK, Raiza, Third tie publisher and. the designers atthe Ariana Publishing House, Tudernuri, New Dethi- 110012, ‘hose dedication and snoerity were crucial for publishing the book ia only thirty days Lime, To these all ani olber individuals including my family, ¥ express my sineeze gratiues for their forhearance ané moral support which helped in pradusing the work ina record time. uly 25, 1385 PROF, MAND HUSAIN,