Geochemical studies of volcanic rocks from the northern part of Kuril-Kamchatka arc

191 Pages·2017·10.93 MB·English

Geochemical studies of volcanic rocks from the northern part of Kuril-Kamchatka arc: Tectonic and structural
Title
constraints on the origin and evolution of arc magma
Author(s) Bergal-Kuvikas, Olga
Citation 北海道大学. 博士(理学) 甲第11991号
Issue Date 2015-09-25
DOI 10.14943/doctoral.k11991
Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/60073
Type theses (doctoral)
File Information Bergal-Kuvikas_Olga.pdf

Instructions for use
Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP
Thesis for Doctor of Philosophy
in Petrology and Volcanology research group,
Division of Earth and Planetary Science,
Department of Natural History Sciences,
Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University

Geochemical studies of volcanic rocks from the northern
part of Kuril-Kamchatka arc:
Tectonic and structural constraints on the origin and
evolution of arc magma

（クリル・カムチャッカ弧北部の火山岩に関する地球化学的研究：
深部構造が島弧マグマの起源および進化に与える影響について）

Bergal-Kuvikas Olga

Hokkaido University
August 2015
Acknowledgement
I am wishing to thank Japanese government for the chance to study at Japan.
Scholarship for research students (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) was spent at Hokkaido
University under guided by Prof. Mitsuhiro Nakagawa since October 2010 to September 2015.
Especially thanks for all members of Petrology and Volcanology research group at
Hokkaido University. I am grateful to Dr. Mizuho Amma-Miyasaka, Dr. Akiko Matsumoto,
Ms. Ayumi Kosugi, Prof. Takeshi Kuritani for assistance and support in analytical experiences.
Thanks for Mr. K. Nakamura for helpful recommendation in making thin sections.
My dissertation is a part of Japanese-Russian project of study Klyuchevskoy volcano. I
grateful to geologists and volcanologists of this project. For many years cooperation, I gratitude
to Dr. Ya. Muravev, Ms. N. Malik, Mr. A. Ovsyannikov, Dr. Y. Ishizuka, Dr. T. Hasegawa, Dr.
S. Uesawa. Geological team of project wish thanks to Mr. S. Chirkov, Mr. Y. Demyanschuk,
Mr. S. Serovetnikov, Ms. E. Klimenko, Mr. Shimada, Mr. I. Kosuke, Ms. E. Nikonova, Ms. O.
Muravyeva and geophysical team of project for support in field works on Kamchatka.
I am indebted to my first teacher Prof. Gennady Avdeiko for many years assistance.
Thanks to him I made first steps in petrology and geodynamic. Prof. G. Avdeiko is a main
source for me of knowledge about geodynamic, tectonic setting of Kamchatka. I was a glad to
work together with Prof. G. Avdeiko as a highly professional specialist truly dedicated to
passion.
Colleagues from Russian Academy of science, especially Prof. V. Ponomareva, Dr. M.
Portnyagin, Dr. T. Churikova. Dr. N. Gorbach are thanked for their constructive discussion and
critical comments of my research.
Sincere appreciation to my parents, Kuvikas Luidmila and Valery, for belief me and
development of my personality. Thanks for my brother Maxim Kuvikas for encouragement.
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My graduation will be impossible without moral support and everyday aid from my husband
Bergal Valdemar. I wish to thank my lovely sons Valdis and Algis for everyday happiness and
smiles. For me they are main sources of forces for study and work.

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Contents

Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... 2
Contents ................................................................................................................................. 4

General introduction ............................................................................................................ 9

Part I. Geochemical studies on time-series samples from the Klyuchevskoy volcano,
Kamchatka arc

Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 16
Chapter 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 18
Chapter 2. Tectonic setting and general geology of Klyuchevskoy volcano
2.1. Tectonic setting of Central Kamchatka Depression ............................................ 22
2.2. Volcanoes of Central Kamchatka Depression and their temporal evolution ...... 24
2.3. Geology of Klyuchevskoy volcano and characteristics of activities .................. 26
2.3.1. General geology ..................................................................................... 26
2.3.2. Prehistorical activities ............................................................................ 28
2.3.3. Historical activities ................................................................................. 31
Chapter 3. Samples and analytical procedures ............................................................... 36
Chapter 4. Petrography ..................................................................................................... 38
Chapter 5. Geochemistry ................................................................................................... 41
5.1. Major and trace element compositions ................................................................ 41
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5.2. Radiogenic isotopes ............................................................................................. 45
5.3. Comparison of Klyuchevskoy volcano with other volcanoes in Central Kamchatka
Depression ........................................................................................................... 46
Chapter 6. Spatial and geochemical variations of cinder cones .................................... 49
6.1. Spatial variations of cinder cones ........................................................................ 49
6.2. Geochemical variations of historic magma ......................................................... 52
Chapter 7. Discussion ........................................................................................................ 57
7.1. Classification of magma types ............................................................................ 57
7.2. Origin of low-K and high-K primary magmas .................................................... 61
7.2.1. Factors controlling primary magma compositions ................................. 61
7.2.2. Difference of source compositions ......................................................... 62
7.2.3. Degrees of melting ................................................................................. 64
7.2.3. Generation conditions ............................................................................ 65
7.3. Origin of evolved magmas .................................................................................. 67
7.4. Temporal evolutions of Klyuchevkskoy magmas ............................................... 69
7.5. Schematic model of magma genesis and evolution of Klyuchevskoy volcano
during last 4000 years .......................................................................................... 72
Chapter 8. Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 74

Part II. Origin of spatial compositional variations of volcanic rocks from the Northern
Kurile Islands, Russia: Geochemical studies of active volcanoes on the Paramushir,
Atlasov, Antsiferov islands and adjacent submarine volcanoes

Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 75
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Chapter 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 79
1.1. Overview of previous works for Kurile Arc and southern Kamchatka .............. 80
1.2. Purpose of this study ........................................................................................... 84
Chapter 2. Tectonic setting and general geology of Kurile Island Arc ......................... 85
2.1. Tectonic setting of Kurile islands ........................................................................ 85
2.2. General geology of northern Kurile Islands ........................................................ 89
2.3. Quaternary volcanoes in the studied area ............................................................ 91
2.3.1. Paramushir island ................................................................................... 91
a) Chikurachki, Tatarinova, Lomonosava volcanoes ................ 91
b) Fuss volcano .......................................................................... 93
c) Ebeko volcanic group ............................................................ 94
2.3.2. Atlasova island ....................................................................................... 96
a) Alaid volcano ......................................................................... 96
2.3.3. Antsiferov island .................................................................................... 98
a) Shirinki volcano ..................................................................... 98
2.3.4. Submarine volcanoes .............................................................................. 99
a) Grigoreva volcano .................................................................. 99
b) Submarine volcano 1.4 .......................................................... 99
c) Submarine volcano 1.3 .......................................................... 99
Chapter 3. Sampling and analytical procedures ........................................................... 101
Chapter 4. Petrography ................................................................................................... 103
Chapter 5. Zonation of the volcanoes ............................................................................. 106
Chapter 6. Geochemistry ................................................................................................. 108
6.1. Major and trace elements .................................................................................. 108
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6.2. Radiogenic isotopes ........................................................................................... 113
Chapter 7. Discussion ....................................................................................................... 115
7.1. Comparison with the southern Kamchatka and central Kurile islands ............. 115
7.2. Possibility of fractional crystallization and assimilation ................................... 117
7.3. Variations of mantle wedge ............................................................................... 120
7.4. Variations of subduction component ................................................................. 122
7.4.1. Front, Ebeko, Rear zones ..................................................................... 122
7.4.2. Alaid volcano ....................................................................................... 124
7.5. Anomalous features of Alaid volcano ............................................................... 127
Chapter 8. Conclusions .................................................................................................... 128

References .......................................................................................................................... 129

Appendix I ......................................................................................................................... 146
Table 1. Historical activity of Klyuchevskoy volcano ....................................................... 146
Table 2. Petrographical descriptions of historical lavas from Klyuchevskoy volcano ...... 149
Table 3. Major and trace element of Klyuchevskoy lavas ................................................. 155
Table 4. Trace element geochemistry of Klyuchevkoy samples ........................................ 159
Table 5. Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data of Klyuchevskoy rocks .................................................... 164
Appendix II ....................................................................................................................... 167
Table 1. Historical activity of volcanoes from Northern Kurile volcanoes ....................... 167
Fig. 1. Main petrological types of frontal volcanoes .......................................................... 168
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Fig. 2. Main petrological types of intermediate volcanoes ................................................ 170
Table 2. Descriptions of thin sections of northern Kurile volcanoes ................................. 171
Table 3. Major element compositions of northern Kurile volcanoes ................................. 178
Table 4. Trace element composition of northern Kurile volcanoes ................................... 187
Table 5. Sr-Nd isotopic composition of northern Kurile volcanoes .................................. 190

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General introduction

Magmatism is global Earth process and indicator of inner activity of our planet. Many types of
volcanoes exist and located on different plate boundaries (Fig. 1). Convergent type of the
tectonic plate is also known as a destructive plate boundary (or subduction zone). In subduction
zone, lithospheric plate has moved to the other plate and subducted material circulated in the
global Earth`s cycle. Subduction zone produces new continental crust and island arcs. As a
result of pressure, friction, and plate material melting in the mantle, earthquakes and volcanoes
are common near convergent boundaries. Because the strongest eruptions with high volcanic
magnitude are dominant in subduction zone, the study of arc volcano is very important.
Process of magma genesis and evolution is very complicated and includes many events.
In the root zones, primary magma with specific geochemical features is generated by partial
melting. During ascending of magma diapir in the crust, numerous processes of magma
evolution exist, e.g. magma mixing, fractional crystallization, assimilation, degassing and etc.
After eruptions, petrologists analyze pyroclastic material of volcano in order to recognize deep
Earth process of magma formation and evolution. On the basis of the comparison with the
volcanoes from different geodynamic settings, researcher can understand special process of
magma genesis.
Circum Pacific “Ring of Fire” is the largest convergent boundary on the Earth. Single
massive oceanic plate which called Pacific plate forms 75% of active volcano on the Earth
(Schmincke, 2005). The Pacific Plate contains an interior hot spot forming the Hawaiian
Islands, toward to moving plate hot spot formed Hawaii Emperor Seamounts chain (Fig. 2). On
the NE part of Pacific “Ring of Fire” rates of moving tectonic plate is 8~9 cm/year (Minster
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