Genomes of Foodborne and Waterborne Pathogens This page intentionally left blank Genomes of Foodborne and Waterborne Pathogens edited by Pina Fratamico Eastern Regional Research Center Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania Yanhong Liu Eastern Regional Research Center Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania Sophia Kathariou Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina W A S H I N G T O N , D C Address editorial correspondence to ASM Press, 1752 N St. NW, Washington, DC 20036-2904, USA Send orders to ASM Press, P.O. Box 605, Herndon, VA 20172, USA Phone: (800) 546-2416 or (703) 661-1593 Fax: (703) 661-1501 E-mail: [email protected] Online: estore.asm.org Copyright © 2011 ASM Press American Society for Microbiology 1752 N St. NW Washington, DC 20036-2904 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Genomes of foodborne and waterborne pathogens / edited by Pina Fratamico, Yanhong Liu, Sophia Kathariou. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-55581-457-1 (hardcover) 1. Food—Microbiology. 2. Water—Microbiology. 3. Microbial genetics. I. Fratamico, Pina M. II. Liu, Yanhong, 1965 May 1- III. Kathariou, Sophia. IV. American Society for Microbiology. [DNLM: 1. Food Microbiology. 2. Gram-Negative Bacteria—genetics. 3. Gram-Negative Bacteria—pathogenicity. 4. Gram-Positive Bacteria—genetics. 5. Gram-Positive Bacteria—pathogenicity. 6. Water Microbiology. QW 85] QR115.G46 2011 664.001'579—dc22 2010035116 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS Contributors • vii 8. Genomics of the Enteropathogenic Preface • xi Yersiniae • 101 Alan McNally, Nicholas R. Thomson, and Brendan W. Wren 1. Insights from Genomic Studies of the Foodborne and Waterborne Pathogen 9. Staphylococcus aureus • 113 Escherichia coli O157:H7 • 1 Scott Weese, Jinzhe Mao, and David M. Donovan Victor P. J. Gannon, Chad R. Laing, and Yongxiang Zhang 10. Genomics of Listeria monocytogenes and Other Members of the Genus Listeria • 125 2. Shigella Genomes: a Tale of Convergent Carmen Buchrieser and Philippe Glaser Evolution and Specialization through IS Expansion and Genome Reduction • 23 11. Bacillus cereus • 147 Jian Yang, Vartul Sangal, Qi Jin, and Jun Yu Monika Ehling-Schulz, Rickard Knutsson, and Siegfried Scherer 3. Genome Rearrangements in Salmonella • 41 12. Bacillus anthracis • 165 Jean F. Challacombe, Richard T. Okinaka, T. David Matthews and Stanley Maloy A. Christine Munk, Thomas S. Brettin, and Paul Keim 4. Campylobacter and Arcobacter • 49 13. Clostridium botulinum • 185 William G. Miller and Craig T. Parker Holger Brüggemann, Antje Woltherr, Christelle Mazuet, and Michel R. Popoff 5. Comparative Genomics of Vibrio vulnificus: Biology and Applications • 67 14. Clostridium perfringens • 213 Lien-I Hor, Hung-Yu Shu, Keh-Ming Wu, Karl A. Hassan and Ian T. Paulsen and Shih-Feng Tsai 15. Mycobacterium avium Subspecies 6. Vibrio parahaemolyticus • 77 paratuberculosis • 223 Kaori Izutsu and Tetsuya Iida John P. Bannantine, Yung-Fu Chang, and Vivek Kapur 7. How Genomics Has Shaped Our Understanding 16. Foodborne Noroviruses • 237 of the Evolution and Emergence of Pathogenic David H. Kingsley Vibrio cholerae • 85 Salvador Almagro-Moreno, Ronan A. Murphy, 17. Hepatitis A and E Viruses • 247 and E. Fidelma Boyd Albert Bosch and Rosa M. Pintó v vi CONTENTS 18. Genomics of Aspergillus flavus 22. Impact of the Toxoplasma gondii Mycotoxin Production • 259 Genome Project • 309 Gary A. Payne, D. Ryan Georgianna, Jiujiang Yu, Benjamin M. Rosenthal Ken Ehrlich, Greg OBrian, and Deepak Bhatnagar 23. Genomic and Postgenomic Approaches 19. Cryptosporidium Species • 271 to Understanding the Pathogenesis of the Guan Zhu and Lihua Xiao Enteric Protozoan Parasite Entamoeba histolytica • 321 20. Giardia lamblia: Molecular Studies of an Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui and Early Branching Eukaryote • 287 Tomoyoshi Nozaki Mark C. Jenkins and Katarzyna Miska 21. Cyclospora cayetanensis: a Review Index • 343 of the Genome • 299 Joan M. Shields CONTRIBUTORS Salvador Almagro-Moreno Jean F. Challacombe Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bioscience Division and DOE Joint Genome Institute, Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 John P. Bannantine National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases Yung-Fu Chang of Livestock Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Service, Ames, IA 50010 Ithaca, NY 14853 David M. Donovan Deepak Bhatnagar U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research United States Department of Agriculture, Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Beltsville, MD 20705 Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124 Monika Ehling-Schulz Albert Bosch Food Microbiology Unit, Clinic of Ruminants, Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Microbiology, School of Biology and Institute of Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Austria Barcelona, Spain Ken Ehrlich E. Fidelma Boyd United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124 Thomas S. Brettin Victor P. J. Gannon Bioscience Division and DOE Joint Genome Institute, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada NM 87545 D. Ryan Georgianna Holger Brüggemann Duke Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Microbiology, Duke University Medical College, Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany Durham, NC 27710 Carmen Buchrieser Philippe Glaser Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France vii viii CONTRIBUTORS Karl A. Hassan Stanley Maloy Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular San Diego State University, Center for Microbial Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Sciences, San Diego, CA 92182-1010 New South Wales, Australia Jinzhe Mao Lien-I Hor U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Department of Microbiology and I mmunology, Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung Beltsville, MD 20705 University, Tainan 701, Taiwan T. David Matthews Tetsuya Iida San Diego State University, Center for Microbial Laboratory of Genomic Research on Pathogenic Sciences, San Diego, CA 92182-1010 Bacteria, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Christelle Mazuet Unité des Bactéries Anaérobies et Toxines, Institut Kaori Izutsu Pasteur, Paris, France Laboratory of Genomic Research on Pathogenic Bacteria, International Research Center for I nfectious Alan McNally Diseases, Research Institute for M icrobial Diseases, School of Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, England Mark C. Jenkins Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville William G. Miller Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of MD 20705 Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710 Qi Jin State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Katarzyna Miska Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Vivek Kapur Beltsville, MD 20705 Pennsylvania State University, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University Park, PA 16802 A. Christine Munk Bioscience Division and DOE Joint Genome Paul Keim Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 Los Alamos, NM 87545, and The Microbial Genetics and Genomics Center and The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Northern Arizona University, Ronan A. Murphy Flagstaff, AZ 86011 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 David H. Kingsley U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui Research Service, Microbial Food Safety Research Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Unit, W. W. Baker Center, Delaware State University, Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan Dover, DE 19901 Tomoyoshi Nozaki Rickard Knutsson Department of Parasitology, National Institute of National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan Sweden Chad R. Laing Greg OBrian Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 CONTRIBUTORS ix Richard T. Okinaka Nicholas R. Thomson Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National The Pathogen Sequencing Unit, The Wellcome Trust Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, and Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, The Microbial Genetics and Genomics Center, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 Shih-Feng Tsai Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Craig T. Parker Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Scott Weese Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710 Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada Ian T. Paulsen Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Antje Wollherr Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of New South Wales, Australia Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen, Germany Gary A. Payne Brendan W. Wren Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England Rosa M. Pintó Keh-Ming Wu Enteric Virus Laboratory, Department of Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, Microbiology, School of Biology and Institute of National Health Research Institutes, Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Miaoli 350, Taiwan Barcelona, Spain Lihua Xiao Michel R. Popoff Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Unité des Bactéries Anaérobies et Toxines, Institut Environmental Diseases, National Center for Pasteur, Paris, France Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control Benjamin M. Rosenthal and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341 Animal Parasite Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Jian Yang Beltsville, MD 20705 State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China Vartul Sangal Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Jiujiang Yu Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Royal College, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Glasgow, Scotland Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124 Siegfried Scherer Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Department Jun Yu of Biosciences, Technische Universität München, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Freising, Germany Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Royal College, Glasgow, Scotland Joan M. Shields U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Division of Yongxiang Zhang Virulence Assessment/Virulence Mechanisms Branch, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Laurel, MD 20708 Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada Hung-Yu Shu Guan Zhu Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Faculty Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, of Genetics Program, Texas A&M University, Tainan County 711, Taiwan College Station, TX 77843