GENETIC VARIABILITY IN AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS AMONG BREAD WHEAT (Triticum

98 Pages·2002·1.39 MB·English

GENETIC VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT
ANALYSIS OF AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS AMONG BREAD
WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) GENOTYPES AT RAYA VALLEY OF
SOUTHERN TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA

MSc THESIS

GIRMA DEGIFE FETULA

JUNE 2018
HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY, HARAMAYA
Genetic Variability,correlation and path coefficient analysis of Agro-
Morphological Traits among Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Genotypes
at Raya Valley of Southern Tigray, Ethiopia

A Thesis Submitted to Postgraduate program directorate
(School of Plant Science)
HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY

In Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for the Degree of
MASTERS SCIENCE in AGRICULTURE (Plant Breeding)

Girma Degife

JUNE 2018
Haramaya University, Haramaya
HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM DIRECTORATE

We hereby certify that we have read and evaluated this Thesis titled ‘Genetic Variability,
correlation and path coefficient analysis of Agro-Morphological Traits among Bread Wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes at Raya Valley of Southern Tigray, Ethiopia, Ethiopia’
prepared under our guidance by Girma Degife. We recommend that it be submitted as
fulfilling the thesis requirement.

Wassu Mohammed (PhD)
Major Advisor Signature Date
Kebebew Assefa (PhD) ___________________ __________________
Co-advisor Signature Date

As a member of the Board of Examiners of the MSc Thesis Open Defense Examination, we
certify that we have read and evaluated the Thesis prepared by Girma Degife and examined
the candidate. We recommend that the thesis be accepted as fulfilling the Thesis requirements
for the Degree of Master of Science in Agriculture (Plant science).

___________________ ________________ ________________
Chairperson Signature Date
___________________ ________________ ________________
Internal Examiner Signature Date
___________________ ________________ ________________
External Examine Signature Date
Final approval and acceptance of the Thesis is contingent up on the submission of its final
copy to the Council of Graduate Program (CGP) through the candidate’s department/ school
graduate council (DGC or SGC).
DEDICATION

I would like to dedicate this manuscript to my beloved mother Aberu Lemma Hordofa, my
Father Degife Fetulaand my brother Dagafa Degife Fetulafor unconditional support with my
studies and in all my life circumstanceand I am honored to have you as my family.
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STATEMENT OF THE AUTHOR

By my signature below, I declare and affirm that this Thesis is my own work. I have followed
all ethical and technical principles of scholarship in the preparation, data collection, data
analysis and compilation of this Thesis. Any scholarly matter that is included in the Thesis has
been given recognition through citation.

This Thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Science
degree at the Haramaya University. The Thesis is deposited in the Haramaya University
Library and is made available to borrowers under the rules of the library. I solemnly declare
that this Thesis has not been submitted to any other institution anywhere for the award of any
academic degree, diploma or certificate.

Brief quotations from this Thesis may be made without special permission provided that
accurate and complete acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for
extended quotations from or reproduction of this Thesis in whole or in part may be granted by
the Head of the School or Department when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the
material is in the interest of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be
obtained from the author of the Thesis.

Name: Girma Degife Fetula:
Signature: _____________
Date of Submission: ___________________
School/Department: Plant Sciences (Plant Breeding)

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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

The author, Girma Degife Fetula, was born in 1990 atBishoftu,Adea woreda, Eastern zone of
Oromia, Ethiopia. He attended his elementary and junior education at Biyyo Bisike and
Bishoftu schools, respectively, from 1997-2002. He attended his secondary school at Bishoftu
Senior Secondary School in Bishoftu from 2003-2006 and at Bishoftu Higher Education
Preparatory School from 2007-2008. Then Girma joined Jimma University College of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine in 2009 and completed his undergraduate studies with
B.Sc. Degree in Plant Science in June 2011. After graduation, he was recruited by the Bureau
of Chemical Industry Corporation National Nucleus Project Rubber plantation and Processing
at the Bebeka Benchi-Maji zone of SNNPR, Gura Farda woreda and served there as Farm
Manager for almost three years. After that, he worked for Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural
Research under Mehoni Agricultural Research Center as Assistant Researcher-I and II until he
joined the Haramaya University School of Graduate Studies in 2016/2017 to pursue his MSc
Degree in Agriculture (Plant Breeding).

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am grateful to my major advisor, Dr. Wassu Mohammed, School of Plant Science,
Haramaya University, for his constructive comments, guidance, and support from the
beginning up until the completion of the thesis write-up. My heartfelt appreciation also goes to
my co-advisor, Dr. Kebebew Asefa, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, National Tef
Research Program Coordinator for his valuable comments and advice in the course of
preparation of the proposal and thesis research write- up.

The Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research deserves many thanks for granting me while
paying my monthly salary and sponsoring the thesis work. My gratitude also goes to the
Mehoni Agricultural Research Center (MhARC) for the administrative support. The various
research division coordinators and colleagues at the research center are highly acknowledged
for their kind cooperation and encouragement while I was conducting the research. My sincere
gratitude goes to Dr. Angasom Taye, Center Director of MARC, for making available the
facilities and services needed for my research work. I am sincerely grateful to Mr. Hailu
Negessa, Representative for Crop Research at MARC for his encouragement and material
support in planning and execution of the experiment. My deep thanks are also extended to Mr.
Zinabu Abraha for his assistance in the follow-up of the experimental field managements and
data collection. I wish also to thank my colleagues, Mr. Miretu Amanuel, Mr. Gobezayehu
Haftu, Mr. Lemma Diriba and Mr Ta’ame G/Egzihabeher for their assistance in the
preparation of planting materials, encouragements and also for their support in data analysis.

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

CFIA Canadian Food Inspection Agency
EIAR Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
GAIN Global Agricultural Information Network
KARC Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center
MhARC Mehoni Agricultural Research Center
OGTR Office of the Gene Technology Regulator
SAS Statistical Analysis System
SNNPR Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region
WARC Werer Agricultural Research Center

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

DEDICATION ii
STATEMENT OF THE AUTHOR iii
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURE x
LIST OF TABLES IN THE APPENDIX xi
LIST OF FIGURE IN APPENDIX xii
ABSTRACT xiii
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. LETREATURE REVIEW 5
2.1. Botany, Origin, and Production of Bread Wheat 5
2.2. Genetic Variability 6
2.3. Yield and Yield Components 8
2.4. Heritability and Genetic Advance 9
2.5. Correlation Coefficient 11
2.6. Path Coefficient 13
2.7. Genetic Divergence 14
2.8. Principal Component Analysis 15
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 17
3.1. Description of the Experimental Area 17
3.2. Experimental Plant Materials 17
3.3. Experimental Design and Layout 19
3.4. Land Preparation, Sowing and Management 19
3.5. Data Collection 19
3.5.1. Data collected on plot basis 20
3.5.2. Data collected on plant basis 20
3.6. Data Analyses 21
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3.6.1. Analysis of variance 21
3.6.2. Phenotypic and genotypic variability 22
3.6.3. Heritability and genetic advance 23
3.6.4. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficient 24
3.6.5. Path coefficient analysis 26
3.6.6. Principal component analysis 26
3.6.7. Genetic distance 26
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 28
4.1. Analysis of Variance 28
4.2. Mean Performance of Genotypes 30
4.2.1. Phenology and Growth Characters 30
4.2.2. Spike, biomass, harvest index and grain yield characters 31
4.3. Estimates of Variance Components 32
4.3.1. Phenotypic and genotypic variability 32
4.3.2. Estimates of heritability and expected genetic advance 34
4.4. Phenotypic and Genotypic Correlation Coefficient 36
4.4.1. Correlation of grain yield with other characters 36
4.4.2. Estimates of correlation among other characters 38
4.5. Path Coefficient Analysis 43
4.4.1. Phenotypic direct and indirect effects of traits on grain yield 43
4.4.2. Genotypic direct and indirect effects of traits on grain yield 48
4.6. Principal Component Analysis 51
4.7. Genetic Divergence Analysis 52
4.7.1. Genetic distances among wheat genotypes 52
4.7.2. Clustering of Genotypes 55
4.7.3. Cluster Mean Analysis 57
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 60
6. REFERENCES 63
7. APPENDIC 75

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