Genetic factors governing resistance and susceptibility of oats to Puccinia coronata avenae, Eriks. and E. Henn., Race 57

164 Pages·011.738 MB·English

by  Finkner, Verne Clifford

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GSBBIXC FACTORS 007BBBIBG RESISTA'ICE AID SUSCEPTXBILITT
OF OAfi TO
sms*
ppcciiiA coBomm atoms, & e. hew,, race 57
by
Vera® Clifford Finkner
A Dissertation Submitted to the
Graduate Faoulty in Partial Fulfillment of
The Requirements for the Degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPfflT
Major Subject* Crop Breeding
Approved*
bead of Ma jor Department’
.n o£ G raSuate Co liege
Iowa State College
1950
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UMI Number: DP13211
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Inheritance of'lesietaso© to Crown Bust ....*****«**,#* $
Inheritance off ieaigtan©.®.' t© B» vietoriao •»»*•**••*«*« §
Jnheritaao® of Dwarfn o as 6
XidMrltaae® of Marginal lairs and Loaf Sheath
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1S£PSHMXB¥AL 1SSCL5S ****»**■«##******■###»'*'*»**#*#»*•**«>*■<*•*#* 20
Parents and F^’s 20
Crosses of liesistaat x Sa®e®ptlbl@ Parents ...... 2©
Crosses of iosistant x Hesisstaat Parents .............. §2
. Oroonhons#'loaotloa'of "Pf 'Seedling® ' to Crown 'last,
M m ' m 106
Greenhouse leaotioa ©f the Hybrid Populations to a
Strainlast to fhioh ttkraiaa m s Susceptible 106
Inrestipttloas with 1* viotoriae 115
Xaheritana® of ■Bmrf<*BS-SS,‘'“7*#*^•••»«••*•••»•**>••••• 117
Inheritance of Leaf Sheath Pubescence •*#•»»»•*.«•••••• 126
Inheritance of First Leaf Marginal'Hairs 158
Motes Coseeraiag Albino Plants «»•*•«'«««•»•**••«•**•««« 142
DISGHSSlOlf OF BXPSHMBSSL' $888$*©$ 148
LifimTcii' cita® 18©
JUSDKMUBBMBHf 161
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1
xmmmenow
Record or mmt reoerd cat yield# have been preduced in Jcwa is. the
past fear years* One of the main faefcera contributing to these 'high
yields has been the widespread use of new aisease res is tent varieties
developed and released by state and federal .experiment station workers*
Yet, in ltd# ©row rust, fhtcclala ©or©.arte aveme* „ reduced the oat
yields la Iowa by as estimated II percent* Yields ia aaay sections of
the country, partiewlarily la the South, were reduced to a considerably
greater exteat* losses 'with these new varieties were due t© ©Images la
races ©f ©raw rust and to multiplication of those races which parasi­
tise varieties resistant to formerly prevalent races*
fh# mechanism of' japradaotion off the pathogen Is such that new and
aore virulent ra©#s ©an be expected to appear* The increase in preva­
lence of a new moo depends upon the selection pressures provided by host
plants* The hop# of maintaining disease resistance la a crop then
depends upon the location and transfer of geues for '©row rust resistance
to ag-roaoadcally desirable varieties*
The most efficient and satisfactory method to attain this objective
\ would b© to eatalegua sour##* of resistances to specific races and to
determine the genetic factors carried by those sources as measured by
host-parasit# relationships* The known factor ©r factor® ©an then be
chosen and transferred with maxima efficiency either for development of
more suitable parental material ©r for the production of desirable crown
♦Throughout the' remainder of this thesis Puccinia ©o^nsta Corda,
ffm op* arena® (Sriks. & S* Sena*) Irik#*, wlir'IS*ii3^wIrW r,by the
©awt©» saw ®f ©rmm rust*
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8
rast resistant varieties.
It was the objective of this study t© determine the differences in
genotype for resistance to ©rowa rast race If among, a group of oat
varieties based on a genetic analysis of segregating populations from
crosses among the resistant varieties and t® a susceptible variety* Such
an analysis should yield information of mime la an oat improvement pro­
gram. la which resistance to crown rast is a major objective.
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1
w n w m u m m w m
Xnterltanes of Heaistane# to Crown last
Mmrmr (0) first shewed physiological specialization of crown rust
fey identifying four races fey the as# of two differential varieties. At
tfe« present tiae Murphy (10) feat identified 95 races with the as# of IS
differential varieties. l«*y Inheritance studies have shown physiolog­
ical speeialliatton to fee leadaliaa in aature* Crown rust was shown to
fee heteretfeallie fey Allen (1) * Swr races of crown rust m»y arts# fey
gone reeeafeimtien or fey mutation*
There are many sources of resistance to fawwn moos of crown rust
among eat varieties, la addition to the differential varieties (any es®
of which could fee considered as a source of resistance) there are many
others which ceali and are being used*
All investigators* but two* have reported resistance dominant or
partially dominant -to susceptibility la the seedling plant# Barter (19)
in a cross of Burt x Slxty»iay reported susceptibility dominant, Ee*
Terri® and fiicteon (11) reported a cress of lend x. S*B* 334 as segre­
gating 16 susceptible to 1 resistant. A factorial interpretation ms
not given in ©liter ease*
Bayes* M m m and Stahoan (i) ia cross#® involving the variety
Bond, reported two independent dominant complementary factors condi­
tioning the resistance of Boat* With, similar crosses (Bond and/or de­
rivatives of Boat assumed to carry the load type of' resistance) those
result® wore confirmed fey go* Torrie and Biokson (11) for races 3 and
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$, % Coehran, Johns ton, leyae and Bkasiiig (2) for me® X, by Litzen-
bsrger (If) for me® X# by Weebaaa (28) for me® X and again by Bayes
(T).
forrie (if) la-.a areas of lend with Xewa f* 444 coneluded that
Beat has a single dominant factor pair far resistance.
Before the advent of Belizlmthosgerluw vletorlae, Meehan and Murphy
(14), the eat variety Victoria ms a major source af resistance to crom
rust* Several investigator# have shown that Victoria carries & single
dominant f&otor pair for resistance lacluiiitg Cochran, Johnston* Beyns
eat Sensing (2) for mo® I* Mtzedberger (12), lurphy, Stanton and
Steven# (Xf) and Meatman (25) for race 48* Steith (21) did not give &
genetic Interpretation of result* obtained from hie srosses involving
Victoria*
Uteeaberger (12) reported, that a single factor pair from the oat
variety Jaadhafer conditioned resistance to races X and 45* lehr and
Bayes (10) reported resistance to races X* 3, 4* 5, 8, 33, 87 and 68 as
controlled by a single factor from landhefer.
Veetman (28) found rosistanoe from, the oat variety Suttea Ukraine*
to a major portion of me® 1 to be da® to two independent complimentary
dominant factors*
Dietz ant Murphy (S) reported a sir 1® dominant factor pair coa*
ditioning xwsistance t® mee 33 from the varieties laaris® 23, led
♦ The cat variety Ukraine has ia previous Xlt®ratmr® been referred
t® as Mtttloa Ukraine and/or Mutlee* fh# awe Ukraine is new being used
and will be used throughout the remainder of this thesis.
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8
Mshprmi sad Algertaua^ltotta St#
Ifcvles and Jones (S) (4) reported a single dottisasfc factor pair
eondltioniag resistance of led Rustproof to a single unidentified m m
of crown rast#
A dominant inhibitor f&otor trm Pnlghum eplstatl© to the doaiasat
factor for resistaaee to race $$ trm Snarls# 22 ms reported by Met®
and Murphy (5). A dominant'faotor from lews Ho. 444 epistatio or par*
tially eplstatie to a ioadsast factor for resistance to races 1, 7, and
46 from Be-ad 'has bees reported by ferri© -{If)* -eaehma, Johnston, leys*
and Massing (2) reported tee independent daaiwusb eoaplsResiery inhibit­
ing factors frost lichlaad-Falfhaa which mure eplstatl©' to the too inde»
pendent dominant ©amjleaentary factors of Bowl for. resistance to me# I*
Cochran, Johnston, Heyn© and laasing (2), lltoenberger (IS) end
Weetman (25) tore shewn the Victoria ami to© to© dominant complementary
Bond factors to fee independent# titsemberger (12) has shown toe too
dominant ©©[email protected] Bond factor# to be independent of the Santa P#
footer* Be also has shown Santa F® to^ carry one or the other of the too
dominant ©©aple&eBtaty Bead fattens* Vootnan (2S) assumed the toe dom­
inant complementary factors of llkraia® wen® alleles to the lend factors*
lltoerterger (12) suggested tint the laotdhafer and Santa P© factors for
resistance to ' crows rast were probably different*
Inherits®©# ef Beoletanee to 1* Victoria®
h<mw* 'niniiiii.miin*mim>i<iini.iw©pmi»i<ii
1* victoria® was first described by Heehaw and Murphy .(14) la 1S46*
Inyptey and Meehan (If) reported that the pathogen os oats, parasitized
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