Genetic Aspects of Plant Nutrition: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Genetic Aspects of Plant Nutrition, Organized by the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, August 30–September 4, 1982

466 Pages·1983·25.84 MB·English

by  M. R. Sarić (auth.)

GENETIC ASPECTS OF PLANT NUTRITION
DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL
SCIENCES
VOLUME 8
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7. D. Atkinson et aI., eds.,
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Series ISBN 90-247-2405-8
GENETIC ASPECTS OF
PLANT NUTRITION
Proceedings of the First International Symposium on
Genetic Aspects of Plant Nutrition
Organized by the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts,
Belgrade, August 30-September 4, 1982
Edited by
M. R. SARIC
B. C. LOUGHMAN
Chapters indicated with an asterisk in the table of contents were first published in
Plant and Soil, Vol. 72 (1983)
1983 MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS
a member of the KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP
THE HAGUE / BOSTON / LANCASTER
Distributors
for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Boston, Inc., 190 Old Derby Street,
Hingham, MA 02043, USA
for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center,
P .O.Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Genetic aspects of plant nutrition.
(Developments in plant and soil sciences ; v. 8)
Includes index.
1. Plants--Nutrition--Genetic aspects--Congresses.
I. Sari~, Miloje R. II. Loughman, B. C. III. Srpska
akademija nauka i umetnosti. IV. Series.
QK867.G38 1983 581.1'335 83-2333
ISBN 90-247-2822-3
ISBN-13: 978-94-009-6838-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-6836-3
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-6836-3
Copyright
© 1983 by Martinus NijhofflDr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague.
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 1983
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the publishers,
Martinus NijhofflDr W. Junk Publishers, P.O. Box 566, 2501 CN The Hague,
The Netherlands.
Contents
Preface IX
M. R. Saric, Theoretical and practical approaches to the genetic specificity of
mineral nutrition of plants*
Section I: Cytological and anatomical changes in different genotypes caused by
altered nutrient supply
Ch. Hecht-Buchholz, Light and electron microscopic investigations of the
reactions of various genotypes to nutritional disorders* 17
D. Kramer, Genetically determined adaptations in roots to nutritional stress:
correlation of structure and function* 33
S. M. Fatalieva, E. D. Gulieva and O. F. Melikova,Ultrastructure of the root
cells of two pea genotypes depending on Se in the growth medium 41
Section II: Absorption, translocation and accumulation of ions in different
genotypes
R. B. Clark, Plant genotype differences in the uptake, translocation,
accumulation, and use of mineral elements required for plant growth* 49
W. D. Jeschke, Cation fluxes in excised and intact roots in relation to specific
and varietal differences* 71
E. Alcantara and M. D. de la Guardia, Genotypic differences in calcium and
magnesium nutrition in sunflower 87
A. H. de Boer and H. B. A. Prins, A study of the electrophysiological
organization in roots of two Plantago species: direct measurement of ion
transport to the xylem using excised roots 93
R. R. Duncan, Concentration of critical nutrients in tolerant and susceptible
sorghum lines for use in screening under acid soil field conditions 101
N. V. Gujova, S. M. Fatalieva and A. Sh. Kerimova, The effect of selenium on
ion uptake at two nutrient levels 105
M. Holobrada, Differences in sulphate and phosphate uptake and utilization
within Zea mays L. species III
W. J. Horst, Factors responsible for genotypic manganese tolerance in cowpea
(Vigna unguiculata)* 117
B. Jocic and M. R. Saric, Efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
use by corn, sunflower, and sugarbeet for the synthesis of organic matter* 123
V. Mego, Differences in phosphate absorption in various barley genotypes 129
v
VI
A. Maggioni and Z. Varanini, Free-space binding and uptake of ions by excised
roots of grapevines 133
I. Michalik, The accumulation of phosphate in roots of different genotypes of
maize' 139
N. E. NieJsen and J. K. Schj0rring, Efficiency and kinetics of phosphorus
uptake from soil by various barley genotypes* 145
S. Pettersson and P. Jensen, Variation among species and varieties in uptake
and utilization of potassium* 151
J. Wieneke, Application of root zone feeding for evaluation of ion uptake and
efflux in soybean genotypes* 159
T. Zaharieva, Effect of genoty,Pe and iron, applied to soil, on the chemical
composition and yield of corn plants 165
Section III: The influence of mineral nutrition on physiological, and
biochemical processes of genotypes
B. C. Loughman, S. C. Roberts and C. I. Goodwin-Bailey, Varietal differences
. in physiological and biochemical responses to changes in the ionic
environment* 173
M. Popp, Genotypic differences in the mineral metabolism of plants adapted to
extreme habitats* 189
A. Bottacin, M. Saccomani, P. Spettoli and G. Cacco, NaCI-induced
modifications of nitrogen absorption and assimilation in salt tolerant and
salt resistant millet ecotypes (Pennisetum typhoideum L. Rich.) 203
P. Buscher and N. Koedam, Soil preference of populations of genotypes of
Asplenium trichomanes L. and Polypodium vulgare L. in Belgium as related
to cation exchange capacity* 209
F. S. Chapin, Ill, Adaptation of selected trees and grasses to low availability of
phosphorus* 217
H. Eggers and W. D. Jeschke, Comparison of K+ -Na+ selectivity in roots of
Fagopyrum and Triticum 223
C. H. Hommels, A. A. Sterk and O. Gy. Tanczos, Genetic differentiation in
Taraxacum and its relation to mineral nutrition 229
D. lelenic and V. Hadzi-Taskovic Sukalovic, The effect of nitrogen on the
activity of some enzymes of nitrogen metabolism during ontogenesis of
maize kernel hybrids 237
H. Konigshofer, Changes in ion composition and hexitol content of different
Plantago species under the influence of salt stress* 243
K. Konstantinov, V. Lazic, M. Denic, C. Radenovic and V. Furtula, Influence
of chlorate ions on some characteristics of maize seedlings with different
protein content 251
VII
B. Krstie and M. R. Sarie, Efficiency of nitrogen utilization and photosynthetic
rate in C and C plants 255
3 4
D. Kuiper, Genetic differentiation of various physiological parameters of
Plantago major and their role in strategies of adaptation to different levels of
mineral nutrition 261
L. Natr, Genotypic differences in growth and photosynthesis of young barley
~~ ~
J. Repka, The effects of mineral nutrition on the photosynthetic and respiratory
activities of leaves of winter wheat and maize varieties 279
J.-P. Wacquant and N. Bouab, Nutritional differentiation within the species
Dittrichia viscosa W. Greuter, between a population from a calcareous
habitat and another from an acidic habitat* 285
Section IV: The influence of mineral nutrition on yield and quality of different
genotypes
K. Mengel, Responses of various crop species and cultivars to fertilizer
application* 295
G. Schilling, Genetic specificity of nitrogen nutrition in leguminous plants* 311
P. Andonova and T. Kudrev, Changes in contents of N, P and K in maize
hybrids at different nutrient regimes 325
W. G. Braakhekke, A triaxial ratio diagram and its use in comparative plant
nutrition 331
R. D. Graham, W. J. Davies, D. H. B. Sparrow and J. S. Ascher, Tolerance of
barley and other cereals to manganese-deficient calcareous soils of South
Australia 339
B. C. Hemming and G. A. Strobel, Bacterial disease and the iron status of plants 347
B. Ulsztity, Fertilizers and nutrient relations in some genotypes of cereals 359
Z. Saric and A. H. Fawzia, Nitrogen fixation in soybean depending on variety
and R. japonicum strain 365
B. Todorcie, B. Bertie, M. Seput, V. Vukadinovie, 1. Folivarski and V. Laktie,
Characteristics of sugar beet varieties on chernozem semigley in Baranja 371
Section V: Genetical investigations concerned with selection of genotypes for a
more effective use of mineral elements
W. H. Gabelman and G. C. Gerloff, The search for and interpretation of genetic
controls that enhance plant growth under deficiency levels of a macro-
nutrient* 379
P. B. Vose, Rationale of selection for specific nutritional characters in crop
improvement with Phaseolus vulgaris L. as a case study* 395
VIII
M. Dambroth and N. El Bassam, Low input varieties: definition, ecological
requirements and selection* 409
G. Alagarswamy and N. Seetharama, Biomass and harvest index as indicators
of nitrogen uptake and translocation to the grain in sorghum genotypes 423
B. Bochev, E. Neikova-Bocheva, G. Ganevaand T. Frolozhki, Genetic basis of
mineral nutrition in Triticum aestivum. II. Effect of the cytoplasm on the
absorption of nutrient elements 429
G. Cacco, G. Ferrari and M. Saccomani, Genetic variability of the efficiency of
nutrient utilization by maize (Zea mays L.) 435
1. R. Caradus, Genetic differences in phosphorus absorption among white
clover populations* 441
P. 1. Goodman, Genetic variation in nitrogen nutrition of grasses and cereals:
possibilities of selection 447
P. R. Furlani, R. B. Clark, W. M. Ross and 1. W. Maranville, Variability and
genetic control of aluminium tolerance in sorghum genotypes 453
E. Kiss, A. Balint, K. Debreczeni and 1. Sutka, Genetic basis of N-utilization in
wheat 463
V. Kovacevic, The ear-leaf percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines and their diallel progeny 471
I. Mihaljev and R. Kastori, Genotypic variation and inheritance of mineral
element content in winter wheat 477
M. G. Zaitseva and N. K. Zubkova, Genetical differences in the cation
accumulation capacity of mitochondria 483
V. K. Shumny and B. I. Tokarev, Genetic variability in the systems of
absorption and utilization of mineral elements. A review 487
Preface
The idea of addressing the problem of the genetic specificity of mineral
nutrition at an international level arose four years ago in a proposal for this topic
to be included in the program of the II Congress of the Federation of European
Societies for Plant Physiology (FESPP) as a separate section. The Organising
Committee of the II Congress of FESPP which was held in Santiago de
Compostella in 1980 arranged a special session and it was clearly successful. A
special scientific meeting where the genetic aspects of plant nutrition in their
widest sense could be presented and discussed comprehensively appeared to be
necessary and that is how this Symposium came to be organized by the Serbian
Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Much progress has already been achieved in this field, and bearing in mind the
importance of this problem, particularly at the present moment, it is necessary
for us both to acquaint ourselves with what has been achieved so far, and even
more to direct attention and effort to the fundamental problems for the future.
The multidisciplinary approach necessary for investigating the genetic basis
for differences in capacities for absorption, translocation and utilization of ions
on the one hand and the tolerance of excess nutrients and toxic ions on the other
is well illustrated in the list of contents and authors in this volume. Whole plant
physiologists, cell biologists, soil scientists, geneticists and plant breeders all
contribute and in some individual papers the expertise of the joint authors covers
a very wide field. Perhaps our discussions would have benefited by the presence of
more plant breeders but it was obvious that a number of the laboratory-based
contributors particularly enjoyed their contact with those whose main interest is
field work and vice versa. In deciding to publish the volume we had the benefit of
discussions with both the Serbian Academy and Mr. Plaizier, the representative
of Martinus Nijhoff. Our aim has been to produce the volume with as little delay
as possible and the cooperation of all concerned has been much appreciated.
We are very grateful for the excellent facilities placed at our disposal by the
Academy and for the hospitable way in which they received us. We hope that this
Symposium will be the first of many on this topic and we look forward to meeting
again in the United States in 1985.
M. R. SARIC
B. C. LOUGHMAN
IX
Theoretical and practical approaches to the genetic
specificity of mineral nutrition of plants
M. R. SARIC
Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia
Key words Genetic specificity Mineral nutrition Organic matter Yield
Summary Mineral nutrition of plants is one of the most important factors controllin\l biomass
production. However, the efficiency of utilizing certain elements of mineral nutrition in biomass
production is highly related to the genetic specificity of plants. The present paper deals with problem~
and former results regarding plant mineral nutrition presented from the genetic aspects. Particular
attention has been devoted to the increased efficiency of using both the natural fertility of soils and
mineral fertilizers by creating and utilizing suitable cultivars and hybrids, increased efficiency of using
mineral nutrients under certain ecological conditions, plant-specific role of microorganisms in
enriching soil with nitrogen and soluble forms of other elements, role of genetic specificity of mineral
nutrition in plants in solving the problems of environmental pollution, principles of evaluating the
genetic specificity of mineral nutrition in plants, genotype features influencing uptake of mineral
nutrients, criteria for evaluating the genetic specificity of mineral nutrition of plants, and also to the
methods fo'r selecting genotypes for specific soil types, and mineral nutrition.
Introduction
The problem of genetic, i.e. the varietal specificity of mineral nutrition, was
emphasized about sixty years ago. During recent years, we have examined this
problem from both the theoretical and practical point of view. Due to progress in
the experimental approach and also to other improvements, this problem has
been studied from various methodological aspects in certain plant species at
various levels of plant organization. The most important reason for the currently
increasing interest in studying this problem is the energy crisis, i.e. the economic
situatio'n resulting in the permanent increase in prices of mineral fertilizers, as
well as in investments in soils which are only partly arable.
The papers dealing with this problem have been presented in comprehensive
reviews in which the results obtained by numerous investigators are cited. The
genetic specificity of mineral nutrition has been discussed in generaP, IS, 17,23, as a
particular problem in creating the genotypes suitable for certain nutritional
conditions3, 7, 27, 30, from the aspect of individual plant species2,24,25, 26, and specific
elementsl,8,18. In past years the problem of the genetic specificity of mineral
nutrition in plants was emphasized at scientific meetings. In addition, special
publications dealing with mineral nutrition have been issued recentlyIO, 11, 14,21,31
On the basis of the results obtained it can be concluded that individual plant
M.R. Sarie and B.C. Loughman (eds.), Genetic Aspects ofP lant Nutrition.
ISBN-13: 978-94-009-6838-7
©1983 Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague/Boston/Lancaster.