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Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition: The Fourth International Symposium on Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition, 30 September – 4 October 1991, Canberra, Australia PDF

402 Pages·1993·17.52 MB·English
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Preview Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition: The Fourth International Symposium on Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition, 30 September – 4 October 1991, Canberra, Australia

GENETIC ASPECTS OF PLANT MINERAL NUTRITION Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences VOLUME 50 The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume. Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition The Fourth International Symposium on Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition, 30 September - 4 October 1991, Canberra, Australia Edited by P. J. RANDALL E.DELHAIZE R. A. RICHARDS R.MUNNS Division of Plant Industry Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Canberra, Australia Contributions with an asterisk in the table of contents were first published in Plant and Soil, Volume 146 (1992) .... Spri"nger Sci ence+Business Media, B.V. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data International Symposium on Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutr1t1on (4th: 1991: Canberra, A.C.T.) Genet1c aspects of plant mineral nutrition I the Fourth International Symposium on Genetic Aspects of Plant M1neral Nutr1tion, Canberra, Australia, 30 September - 4 October 1991 ed1ted by P.J. Randall ... [et al.]. p. cm. -- (Developments in plant and soi 1 sc1ences ; v. 50) ISBN 0-7923-2118-9 (acid free paper) 1. Plants--Nutrit1on--Genetic aspects--Congresses. 2. Plants, Effect of minerals on--Congresses. 3. Crops--Nutrition--Genetic aspects--Congresses. 4. Crops--Effect of m1nerals on--Congresses. 1. Randall, P. J. (Peter J.) II. T1tle. III. Ser1es. OK867.1424 1991 581.1'335--dc20 92-43811 ISBN 978-94-010-4721-0 ISBN 978-94-011-1650-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1650-3 AH Rights Reserved © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1993 No part ofthe material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permis sion from the copyright owner. Contents 'Organizing Committee and financial support ix Preface xi J. A. Fisher and B. J. Scott, Are we justified in breeding wheat for tolerance to acid soils in southern New South Wales? 1 * D. M. Wheeler, D. C. Edmeades, R. A. Christie and R. Gardner, Comparison of techniques for determining the effect of aluminium on the growth of, and the inheritance of aluminium tolerance in wheat 9 R. N. Oram, R. A. Culvenor and A. M. Ridley, Breeding the perennial pasture grass Phalaris aquatica for acid soils 17 * D. M. Wheeler, D. C. Edmeades, D. R. Smith and M. E. Wedderburn, Screening perennial rye-grass from New Zealand for aluminium tolerance 23 * I. M. Rao, W. M. Roca, M. A. Ayarza, E. Tabares and R. Garcia, Somaclonal variation in plant adaptation to acid soil in the tropical forage legume Stylosanthes guianensis 35 * P. W. G. Sale, D. I. Couper, P. L. Cachia and P. J. Larkin, Tolerance to manganese toxicity among cultivars oflucerne (Medicago sativa L.) 45 * J. R. Crush and J. R. Caradus, Response to soil aluminium oftwo white clover (Trifolium repens L.) genotypes 53 * W. J. Horst, C. CurrIe and A. H. Wissemeier, Differences in calcium efficiency between cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) cultivars 59 * J. W. Johnson and R. E. Wilkinson, Wheat growth responses of cultivars to H+ concentration 69 * D. M. Wheeler, D. C. Edmeades, R. A. Christie and R. Gardner, Effect of aluminium on the growth of 34 plant species: A summary of results obtained in low ionic strength solution culture 75 * A. H. Wissemeier, A. Diening, A. Hergenroder, W. J. Horst and G. Mix-Wagner, Callose formation as parameter for assessing genotypical plant tolerance of aluminium and manganese 81 * Contributions indicated with an asterisk were first published in Plant and Soil, Volume 146 (1992). vi * F. P. C. Blarney, N. J. Robinson and C. J. Asher, Interspecific differences in aluminium tolerance in relation to root cation-exchange capacity 91 * D. M. Wheeler, D. J. C. Wild and D. C. Edmeades, Preliminary results from a microscopic examination on the effects of aluminium on the root tips of wheat 97 R. J. Bennet and C. M. Breen, Aluminium toxicity: Towards an understanding of how plant roots react to the physical environment 103 * R. A. Richards, Increasing salinity tolerance of grain crops: Is it worthwhile? 117 * C. L. Noble and M. E. Rogers, Arguments for the use of physiological criteria for improving the salt tolerance in crops 127 M. Dracup, Why does in vitro cell selection not improve the salt tolerance of plants? 137 * A. R. Yeo, Variation and inheritance of sodium transport in rice 143 J. Gorham, Genetics and physiology of enhanced KINa discrimination 151 * M. Taeb, R. M. D. Koebner, B. P. Forster and C. N. Law, Association between genes controlling flowering time and shoot sodium accumulation in the Triticeae 159 * S. R. Sykes, The inheritance of salt exclusion in woody perennial fruit species 165 * M. E. Rogers and C. L. Noble, Variation in growth and ion accumulation between two selected popUlations of Trifolium repens L. differing in salt tolerance 173 * S. D. Tyerman and D. P. Schachtman, The role of ion channels in plant nutrition and prospects for their genetic manipulation 179 * W. J. Hurkman, Effect of salt stress on plant gene expression: A review 187 * T. J. Flowers and D. Dalmond, Protein synthesis in halophytes: The influence of potassium, sodium and magnesium in vitro 195 G. Blair, Nutrient efficiency - what do we really mean? 205 * G. D. Batten, A review of phosphorus efficiency in wheat 215 * S. E. Smith, A. D. Robson and L. K. Abbott, The involvement of mycorrhizas in assessment of genetically dependent efficiency of nutrient uptake and use 221 * A. E. Da Silva and W. H. Gabelman, Screening maize inbred lines for tolerance to low-P stress condition 233 VII * A. E. Da Silva, W. H. Gabelman and J. G. Coors, Inheritance studies of low-phosphorus tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.), grown in a sand-alumina culture medium 241 * J. R. Caradus, A. D. Mackay, S. Wewala, J. Dunlop, A. Hart, J. van den Bosch, M. G. Lambert and M. J. M. Hay, Inheritance of phosphorus response in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) 251 * J. R. Caradus, Heritability of, and relationships between phosphorus and nitrogen concentration in shoot, stolon and root of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) 261 * A. A. Meharg and M. R. Macnair, Polymorphism and physiology of arsenate tolerance in Holcus lanatus L. from an uncontaminated site 271 N. Ae, J. Arihara, K. Okada, T. Yoshihara, T. Otani and C. Johansen, The role of piscidic acid secreted by pigeonpea roots grown in an Alfison with low-P fertility 279 N. Shiomi and S. Kitoh, Effect of mineral nutrients and combined nitrogen on the growth and nitrogen fixation of Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis 289 * B. Feil, R. Thiraporn and P. Stamp, Can maize cultivars with low mineral nutrient concentrations in the grains help to reduce the need for fertilizers in third world countries? 295 T. D. Ugalde, A physiological basis for genetic improvement to nitrogen harvest index in wheat 301 R. L. Morton, M. Whitecross and T. J. V. Higgins, Post-transcriptional control of the expression of a plant gene by an environmental factor: Sulphur regulation of the expression of the Pea Albumin 1 gene 311 S. R. de Cianzio, Strategies in population development for the improvement of Fe efficiency In soybean 321 * N. T. Hoan, U. Prasada Rao and E. A. Siddiq, Genetics of tolerance to iron chlorosis in rice 327 K. Singh, M. Chino, N. K. Nishizawa, T. Ohata and S. Mori, Genotypic variation among Indian graminaceous species with respect to phytosiderophore secretion 335 P. N. Takkar, Requirement and response of crop cultivars to micronutrients in India - a review 341 * R. D. Graham, J. S. Ascher and S. C. Hynes, Selecting zinc-efficient cereal genotypes for soils of low zinc status 349 S. Jamjod, C. E. Mann and B. Rerkasem, Combining ability of the response to boron deficiency in wheat 359 D. B. Moody, A. J. Rathjen and B. Cartwright, Yield evaluation of a gene for boron tolerance using backcross-derived lines 363 viii * J. G. Paull, R. O. Nable and A. J. Rathjen, Physiological and genetic control of the tolerance of wheat to high concentrations of boron and implications for plant breeding 367 * A. Bagheri, J. G. Paull, A. J. Rathjen, S. M. Ali and D. B. Moody, Genetic variation in the response of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to high soil concentrations of boron 377 * R. F. M. van Steveninck, M. E. van Steveninck and D. R. Fernando, Heavy-metal (Zn, Cd) tolerance in selected clones of duck weed (Lemna minor) 387 * P. J. Jackson, E. De1haize and C. R. Kuske, Biosynthesis and metabolic roles of cadystins (y-EC)nG and their precursors in Datura innoxia 397 * N. J. Robinson, 1. M. Evans, J. Mu1crone, J. Bryden and A. M. Tommey, Genes with similarity to metallothionein genes and copper, zinc ligands in Pisum sativum L. 407 The Fourth International Symposium on Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition was held in Canberra, Australia from 30 September to 4 October 1991 The Organizing Committee E Delhaize 1 D DeMarco 1 T J V Higgins 1 N Marcar2 Rana Munns 1 P J Randall 1 (Chairman) R A Richards 1 The following provided financial support: The Australian Wheat Research Council The International Conference Support Scheme of the Department of Industry, Technology and Commerce. The Australian Tourist Commission. The Sulphur Institute, Washington DC. The Australian International Development Assistance Bureau. 1Division of Plant Industry and 2Division of Forestry Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. Preface This volume contains papers presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition, held in Canberra, Australia in spring 1991. The manuscripts were reviewed by at least two independent reviewers. The Editors thank Professor H. Lambers and A. Houwers of the Editorial Office of Plant and Soil for their assistance in this process. There is a need to optimize the productivity of infertile and problem soils in order to meet increasing world-wide demand for agricultural and forestry products. The Symposium and its predecessors (Belgrade 1982, Madison 1985 and Braunschweig 1988 - published as Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences numbers 8, 27 and 42 respectively) recognize the increasingly important role of selection and breeding of plants specifically for such soils. Plant breeding solutions will complement agronomic methods to achieve these objectives in a manner which is both economically sound and ecologically responsible. Considerable progress has been made in plant improvement for problem soils. Many cultivars and provenances have been developed for their ability to overcome edaphic constraints. New cultivars now allow economic production on soils where yields of standard varieties are normally limited by mineral toxicity of nutrient deficiency. There is a strong emphasis in this volume on studies relating to plant breeding, the strategies to be adopted, the development of selection criteria and the testing and evaluation of promising genotypes. Several contributions draw upon data from already successful plant breeding programs. These include papers on tolerance to acid soils in wheat by Fisher and Scott and in phalaris by Oram, Culvenor and Ridley, a paper on iron efficiency of soybeans growing in calcareous soils by Cianzio and the papers by Paull and Moody and their colleagues on tolerance to high boron in wheat. It is worth noting in this work the value of comparisons using closely related genotypes or near isogenic lines for demonstrating the yield advantage of such characters. There was recognition at the Symposium of the value of developing isogenic lines for physiological and molecular studies as well as for agronomic evaluation of nutrition-related characters. Future progress will depend on identifying agronomically useful genes and understanding how they operate at the physiological, biochemical and genetic levels. The techniques of molecular biology will play an increasingly important part in this. One fifth of the papers presented in the oral sessions of the Symposium were in the "molecular" area and some of these are represented in this volume. The next Symposium in the series will be held in Davis, California, USA in 1994 with the slightly altered title "Fifth International Symposium on the Genetics and Molecular Biology of Plant Nutrition". Peter Randall

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