Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition

522 Pages·1990·15.648 MB·English

by  M. Dambroth, N. El Bassam (auth.), N. El Bassam, M. Dambroth, B. C. Loughman (eds.)

GENETIC ASPECTS OF PLANT MINERAL NUTRITION
Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences
VOLUME 42
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Genetic Aspects
of Plant Mineral Nutrition
Edited by
N.ELBASSAM
M.DAMBROTH
Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding
Federal Research Centre of Agriculture
Bundesallee 50
D-3300 Braunschweig, FRG
and
B.C. LOUGHMAN
Department of Plant Sciences
University of Oxford
Park Road
Oxford OXI3PF, UK
Contributions indicated with an asterisk in the table of contents were first published in Plant and Soil, Volume 123 (1990)
Kluwer Academic Publishers
DORDRECHT/BOSTON/LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Symposium on Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition
(3rd 1988 Braunschweig, Germany)
'Genetic aspects of plant mlneral nutrition: proceedings of Third
Internatlonal Symposium on Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral
Nutrition / organized by Institute of Crop Science and Plant
Breeding, Federal Research Centre for Agriculture, 0-3300
Braunschwelg, FRG. June 19-24, 1988 ; editors, N. El Bassam, M.
Dambroth and B.C. Loughman.
p. cm. -- (Developments in plant and soil sciences; 42)
ISBN 0-7923-0785-2 (acld-free paper)
1. Plants--Nutrition--Genetic aspects--Congresses. 2. Plants,
Effect of minerals on--Congresses. I. El Bassam, Nasir.
II. Dambroth. Manfred. III. Loughman, B. C. IV. Inst Hut fur
Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzuchtung (Braunschwelg,
Germany) V. Tltle. VI. Series: Developments in plant and soil
sciences; v. 42.
QK867.I424 1988
581.1 . 335--dc20 90-4836
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7421-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-2053-8
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-2053-8
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Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1990
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Contents
Preface xi
M. Dambroth and N. EI Bassam, Genotypic variation in plant productivity and consequences for breeding
of "low input cultivars"
Session 1: Physiological and biochemical mechanisms associated with genetic variation in utilization
of a) nitrogen, b) phosphorus and c) other major nutrients
D. R. Sauerbeck and H. M. Helal, Factors affecting the nutritional efficiency of plants 11
E. L. Klimashevsky, Physiological basis of genotypic plant distinctions in mineral nutrition 19
B. Krstic and R. M. Saric, Concentrations of N, P, and K and dry matter mass in maize inbred lines 25
G. Pommer, Accumulation and translocation of nitrogen in cultivars of winter wheat with different
demands for nutrition 33
M. Mattson, M. Larsson, T. Lundborg and C. M. Larsson, Uptake and partitioning of nitrogen in nitrogen-
limited barley: Dependence of age and genotype 39
H. Perby and P. Jensen, Dry weight production and nitrogen efficiency in cultivars of barley and rye 45
N. Petrovic and R. Kastori, Nitrate reductase in sugar beet genotypes supplied with different nitrate levels 51
* B. Sattelmacher, F. Klotz and H. Marschner, Influence of the nitrogen level on root growth and morphol-
ogy of two potato varieties differing in nitrogen acquisition 57
* J. Wieneke, Phosphorus efficiency and phosphorus remobilization in two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)
Moench) cultivars 65
J. Caradus, A. D. Mackay and G. S. Wewala, Responses to phosphate fertilizers of differing solubilities by
white clover cultivars 73
* v. Romheld and H. Marschner, Genotypical differences among graminaceous species in release of
phytosiderophores and uptake of iron phytosiderophores 77
* Contributions indicated with an asterisk were first published in Plant and Soil, Volume 123 (1990).
v
VI Contents
K. Schaller and O. Lohnertz, Investigations on the nutrient uptake efficiency of different grape root-stock
species and cultivars 85
J. H. Edwards, J. F. Pedersen and R. C. Kingery, Heritability of root characteristics affecting mineral
uptake in tall fescue 93
*
B. Feil, R. Thiraporn, G. Geisler and P. Stamp, Root traits of maize seedlings - indicators of nitrogen
efficiency? 97
*
H. M. Helal, Varietal differences in root phosphatase activity as related to the utilization of organic
phosphates 103
*
J. R. Caradus, The effect of shoot and root genotype on phosphorus concentrations of shoots and roots 107
* P. Burauel, J. Wieneke and F. Fiihr, Carbohydrate status in roots of two soybean cultivars: A possible
parameter to explain different efficiencies concerning phosphate uptake 111
* R. Pinton, Z. Varanini and A. Maggioni, Properties of potassium uptake by seedling roots of grape cultivars 117
*
S. Bottacin, M. Saccomani and G. Ferrari, Sterol content and efficiency of ion uptake by roots of maize
genotypes 123
*
R. Baas and M. L. van Beusichem, Genetic differentiation in Plantago major L. in growth and P uptake
under conditions of P limitation 127
Session 2: Genotypic responses to a) water stress, b) salinity and c) acidity and deficiency or excess of
elements
B. Rodriguez-Maribona, J. L. Tenorio, J. R. Conde and L. Ayerbe, Physiological characteristics responsible
for drought resistance in different pea cultivars 137
J.-H. Weng, Effects of water deficit on osmotic adjustment, photosynthesis and dry matter production of
rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes 145
* C. J. T. Spitters and A. H. C. M. Schapendonk, Evalutation of breeding strategies for drought tolerance in
potato by means of crop growth simulation 151
P. P. Andonova, Influence of genotype and water stress on the uptake of potassium and nitrogen in maize 163
S.-W. Breckle, Salinity tolerance of different halophyte types 167
J. M. Stassart and J. Bogemans, Physiological differences between barley cultivars under salt stress -
xylem exudation and phloem flow of different cations 177
*
S. Schubert and A. Uiuchli, Sodium exclusion mechanisms at the root surface of two maize cultivars 183
J. Baus and J. Cabrera, Cation accumulation related to adaptation of maize popUlations to salinity 189
Contents vii
A. Alzubaidi, A. Aljanabi and A. A. AI-Rawi, Interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and
soil salinity and its effect on growth and ionic composition of com (Zea mays L.) 95
*
L. M. Gourley, S. A. Rogers, C. Ruiz-Gomez and R. B. Clark, Genetic aspects of aluminum tolerance in
sorghum 203
*
Y. I. Mladenova, Influence of salt stress on primary metabolism of Zea mays L. seedlings of model
genotypes 209
P. R. Furlani and C. R. Bastos, Genetic control of aluminium tolerance in sorghum 215
* A. Aniol, Genetics of tolerance to aluminium in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. TheIl) 221
*
H. M. Helal, H. Arisha and E. Rietz, The uptake of trace elements by spinach and bean varieties of
different root parameters 227
A. H. Schotz, C. J. Asher, F. P. C. Blarney and K. E. Basford, Manganese toxicity in sunflower lines 231
*
F. J. M. Maathuis and H. B. A. Prins, Electrophysiological membrane characteristics of the salt tolerant
Plantago maritima and the salt sensitive Plantago media 237
R. O. Nable, B. Cartwright and R. C. M. Lance, Genotypic differences in boron accumulation in barley:
Relative susceptibilities to boron deficiency and toxicity 243
H. Singh and V. Kumar, Behaviour of different wheat genotypes under various irrigation conditions in
semi-arid tropics of Haryana, India 253
N. K. Fageria, R. 1. Wright and V. C. Baligar, Iron tolerance of rice cultivars 259
R. E. Wilkinson, E. L. Ramseur, R. R. Duncan and L. M. Shuman, Relationship between metolachlor
sensitivity and Mn toxicity tolerance in sorghum cultivars 263
* E. Alcantara, M. Fernandez and M. D. de la Guardia, Genetic studies on the acidification capacity of
sunflower roots induced under iron stress 269
N. E. Longnecker, R. D. Graham, K. W. McCarthy, D. H. B. Sparrow and J. P. Egan, Screening for
manganese efficiency in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) 273
Session 3: Screening techniques for detection of nutritional deficiencies and abiotic stress under
genetic control
P. Vose, Screening techniques for plant nutrient efficiency: Philosophy and methods 283
G. Ruhl, K.-H. Standke and K. Marmulla, Biochemical techniques for genotype characterization 291
A. H. C. M. Schapendonk, C. J. T. Spitters, A. L. F. de Vos, Comparison of nitrogen utilization of diploid
and tetraploid perennial ryegrass genotypes using a hydroponic system 299
viii Contents
*
D. Kuiper, J. Schuit and P. J. C. Kuiper, Actual cytokinin concentrations in plant tissue as an indicator for
salt resistance in cereals 307
R. H. Qureshi, A. Rashid and N. Ahmad, A procedure for quick screening of wheat cultivars for salt
tolerance 315
C. Sommer and M. Schwarz, A method for investigating the influence of soil water potential on yield and
water use efficiency of spring wheat cultivars 325
T. Worku and L. Tanasch, Water potential as a selection criterium for drought tolerance by different durum
wheat genotypes 331
G. Mix, Application of in vitro techniques for screening plant genetic variability 339
N. J. Nuemberg, C. A. Bissani, T. A. Campbell and C. D. Foy, Screening pasture plants for aluminium
tolerance 345
W. J. Horst and F. Klotz, Screening soybean for aluminium tolerance and adaptation to acid soils 355
J. G. Paull, A. J. Rathjen, B. Cartwright and R. O. Nable, Selection parameters for assessing the tolerance
of wheat to high concentrations of boron 361
Session 4: Genetic variation in symbiotic systems
M. Sarie, Z. Sarie and M. Govedarica, Variability of molecular nitrogen fixation and its dependence on plant
genotype and diazotroph strains 373
* M. C. Saxena, R. S. Malhotra and K. B. Singh, Iron deficiency in chickpea in the Mediterranean region and
its control through resistant genotypes and nutrient application 381
Z. Sarie, N. Mrkovac'ki and V. Milie, N2 fixation by R. japonicum strains during vegetation of different
soybean cultivars 385
*
G. Jagnow, Differences between cereal crop cultivars in root-associated nitrogen fixation, possible causes
of variable yield response to seed inoculation 391
G. G. B. Manske, Genetical analysis of the efficiency of VA mycorrhiza with spring wheat. I. Genotypical
differences and a reciprocal cross between an efficient and non-efficient variety 397
*
C. Diederichs, Improved growth of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. in an unsterile tropical soil by three
mycorrhizal fungi 407
*
N. S. Wilhelm, R. D. Graham and A. D. Rovira, Control of Mn status and infection rate by genotype of
both host and pathogen in the wheat take-all interaction 413
Contents ix
Session 5: Germplasm resources and creation of genotypes for specific environmental including low
input systems
A. B. Damania and J. P. Srivastava, Genetic resources for optimal input technology - ICARDA's perspec-
tives 425
*
S. Akita and G. S. Cabuslay, Physiological basis of differential response to salinity in rice cultivars 431
B. Schinkel and W. Mechelke, A method to estimate the prospect of specific breeding for nutrient ef-
ficiency 449
A. Spanakakis, Grain yield and quality characters of genotypes in Fs-generation under low and high
nitrogen input 457
A. Spanakakis and A. Viedt, Performance of winter wheat cultivars under reduced nitrogen conditions 465
H. Stoppler, E. Kolsch and H. Vogtmann, Suitability of varieties of winter wheat in low external input
systems in West Germany 475
J. Sneyd, Comparison between land races and high yielding cultivars of winter wheat in extensive,
integrated and intensive farming over several years 485
S. Rajaram and E. Villegas, Breeding wheat (Triticum aestivum) for aluminium toxicity tolerance at
CIMMYT 489
I. Kreft and Z. Luthar, Buckwheat - A low input plant 497
M. Thung, Phosphorus: A limiting nutrient in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Latin America
and field screening for efficiency and response 501
H. U. Neue, R. S. Lantin, M. T. C. Cayton and N. U. Autor, Screening of rices for adverse soil tolerance 523
V. C. Baligar, J. H. Elgin Jr., R. J. Wright and N. K. Fageria, Genetic diversity for nutrient use efficiency in
cultivars and exotic germplasm lines of alfalfa 533
R. R. Duncan, R. E. Wilkinson and L. M. Shuman, Breeding for low level acid soil tolerance as a com-
ponent of overall acid soil field tolerance in sorghum 539
J. Dunlop, M. G. Lambert, J. van den Bosch, J. R. Caradus, A. L. Hart, G. S. Wewala, A. D. Mackay and
M. J. M. Hay, A programme to breed a cultivar of Trifolium repens L. for more efficient use of phosphate 547
A. D. Mackay, J. R. Caradus J. Dunlop, G. S. Wewala, M. C. H. Mouat, M. G. Lambert, A. L. Hart and J.
van den Bosch, Response to phosphorus of a world collection of white clover cultivars 553
Preface
The genetic work that has been carried out with volume, and especially in Section V 'Germplasm
crop plants indicates that many nutritional charac resources and creation of genotypes for specific
teristics are independently inherited and could be environmental including low input systems', is
selected for a breeding program. evident. This can be considered as genuine progress
This volume presents the proceedings of the in the direction of an effective use of nutrients by
'Third International Symposium on Genetic plants.
Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition' held in We look forward to more advances in our un
Braunschweig 1988, and demonstrates the wide derstanding of the mechanisms involved in the
acceptance that cultivars respond differently to nutrient efficiency of crop plants and in the
nutritional and stress factors. An improved re development and improvement of screening
sponse of cultivars to nutrients and stress con techniques at the Fourth Symposium to be held in
ditions is accessible via screening, selection and Australia in 1991.
breeding of the available plant genetic resources
and will help to reduce the inputs and to protect the N. EI Bassam
environment. M.Dambroth
The contribution of the plant breeders in this B.c. Loughman
XI