Genetic and genomic resources for grain cereals improvement

386 Pages·2015·46.17 MB·English

by  Singh, Mohar, Upadhyaya, Hari D

Genetic and Genomic
Resources for Grain
Cereals Improvement
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Genetic and Genomic
Resources for Grain
Cereals Improvement
Edited by
Mohar Singh
Hari D. Upadhyaya
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Contents
List of contributors ix
Preface xi
Introduction xiii
1 Rice 1
Bhaskar C. Patra, Soham Ray, Umakanta Ngangkham,
and Trilochan Mohapatra
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Origin, distribution, and diversity 1
1.3 Germplasm exploration and collection 16
1.4 Germplasm introduction 29
1.5 Germplasm conservation 31
1.6 Germplasm evaluation and utilization 34
1.7 Limitations in germplasm use 40
1.8 Germplasm enhancement through wide crosses 41
1.9 Rejuvenation of cultivated germplasm 44
1.10 Sharing of germplasm 45
1.11 Registration of germplasm 46
1.12 Integration of genomic and genetic resources
in crop improvement 47
1.13 Conclusions 69
References 70
Further Readings 80
2 Wheat 81
Wuletaw Tadesse, Ahmad Amri, Francis C. Ogbonnaya,
Miguel Sanchez-Garcia, Quahir Sohail, and Michael Baum
2.1 Introduction 81
2.2 Evolution and origin of Triticum 83
2.3 Wheat genetic resources and gene pools 87
2.4 Genetic diversity and erosion from the traditional areas 88
2.5 Conservation of genetic resources 89
2.6 Processing to conservation 97
2.7 Role of genetic resources in wheat breeding 99
2.8 Strategies to enhance utilization of genetic resources 105
2.9 Utilization of gene introgression techniques 105
vi Contents
2.10 Utilization of genomics 109
2.11 Future direction and prospects 110
References 111
3 Barley 125
Lakshmi Kant, Shephalika Amrapali, and Banisetti Kalyana Babu
3.1 Introduction 125
3.2 Origin 126
3.3 Domestication syndrome 127
3.4 Distribution 129
3.5 Erosion of genetic diversity from the traditional areas 135
3.6 Germplasm evaluation and maintenance 136
3.7 Conservation of genetic resources 137
3.8 Limitation in germplasm use 141
3.9 Genomic resources 141
3.10 Future perspectives 149
References 150
4 Oat 159
Maja Boczkowska, Wiesław Podyma, and Bogusław Łapin´ski
4.1 Introduction 159
4.2 Origin, distribution, and diversity 160
4.3 Erosion of genetic diversity from the traditional areas 169
4.4 Status of germplasm resources conservation 175
4.5 Germplasm evaluation and maintenance 187
4.6 Use of germplasm in crop improvement 191
4.7 Limitations in germplasm use 197
4.8 Germplasm enhancement through wide crosses 199
4.9 Integration of genomic and genetic resources
in crop improvement 208
4.10 Conclusions 211
References 211
5 Sorghum 227
Yi-Hong Wang, Hari D. Upadhyaya, and Ismail Dweikat
5.1 Introduction 227
5.2 Origin, distribution, and diversity 227
5.3 Erosion of genetic diversity from the traditional areas 231
5.4 Status of germplasm resource conservation 232
5.5 Germplasm evaluation and maintenance 233
5.6 Use of germplasm in crop improvement 239
5.7 Limitations in germplasm use 240
5.8 Germplasm enhancement through wide crosses 240
5.9 Integration of genomic and genetic resources
in crop improvement 242
Contents vii
5.10 Conclusions 244
References 244
6 Pearl millet 253
Santosh K. Pattanashetti, Hari D. Upadhyaya, Sangam Lal Dwivedi,
Mani Vetriventhan, and Kothapally Narsimha Reddy
6.1 Introduction 253
6.2 Origin, distribution, and diversity 254
6.3 Erosion of genetic diversity and gene flow 264
6.4 Germplasm resources conservation 265
6.5 Germplasm characterization and evaluation 267
6.6 Germplasm regeneration and documentation 270
6.7 Gap analyses of germplasm 272
6.8 Limitations in germplasm use 272
6.9 Germplasm uses in pearl millet improvement 273
6.10 Genomic resources in management and utilization of germplasm 278
6.11 Conclusions 279
References 279
7 Finger and foxtail millets 291
Mani Vetriventhan, Hari D. Upadhyaya, Sangam Lal Dwivedi,
Santosh K. Pattanashetti, and Shailesh Kumar Singh
7.1 Introduction 291
7.2 Origin, distribution, diversity, and taxonomy 292
7.3 Erosion of genetic diversity from the traditional areas 294
7.4 Status of germplasm resource conservation 294
7.5 Germplasm evaluation and maintenance 294
7.6 Use of germplasm in crop improvement 302
7.7 Limitations in germplasm use 304
7.8 Germplasm enhancement through wide crosses 305
7.9 Integration of genomic and genetic resources
in crop improvement 306
7.10 Utilization of genetic and genomic resources 309
7.11 Conclusions 310
References 310
8 Proso, barnyard, little, and kodo millets 321
Hari D. Upadhyaya, Mani Vetriventhan, Sangam Lal Dwivedi,
Santosh K. Pattanashetti, and Shailesh Kumar Singh
8.1 Introduction 321
8.2 Origin, distribution, taxonomy, and diversity 322
8.3 Erosion of genetic diversity from the traditional areas 324
8.4 Status of germplasm resource conservation 324
8.5 Germplasm evaluation and maintenance 325
8.6 Use of germplasm in crop improvement 336
viii Contents
8.7 Limitations in germplasm use 337
8.8 Germplasm enhancement through wide crosses 337
8.9 Integration of genomic and genetic resources
in crop improvement 338
8.10 Conclusions 339
References 339
Subject Index 345
List of contributors
Shephalika Amrapali Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Directorate of
Floriculture Research, College of Agriculture Campus, Shivaji Nagar, Pune, India
Ahmad Amri Department of Wheat Breeding/Genetics, International Center for
Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
Banisetti Kalyana Babu Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Institute
of Oil Palm Research (IIOPR), Pedavegi, Andhra Pradesh, India
Michael Baum Department of Wheat Breeding/Genetics, International Center for
Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
Maja Boczkowska Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and
Acclimatization Institute (IHAR), National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
Ismail Dweikat Department of Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln,
Nebraska, USA
Sangam Lal Dwivedi International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid
Tropics (ICRISAT), Genebank, Patancheru, Telangana, India
Lakshmi Kant Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural
Research, Vivekananda Pravatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (Vivekanada
Institute for Hill Agriculture), Almora, Uttarakhand, India
Bogusław Łapin´ski National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources, Plant Breeding
and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR), National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
Trilochan Mohapatra Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indian Agricultural
Research Institute, New Delhi, India
Umakanta Ngangkham Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of
Agricultural Research, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
Francis C. Ogbonnaya Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC),
Australia