Genes for Plant Abiotic Stress PDF
Preview Genes for Plant Abiotic Stress
Genes for Plant Abiotic Stress Genes for Plant Abiotic Stress Editors Matthew A. Jenks and Andrew J. Wood © 2010 Blackwell Publishing ISBN: 978-0-813-81502-2 Genes for Plant Abiotic Stress Editors MATTHEW A. JENKS Professor Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology Purdue University ANDREW J. WOOD Professor Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Department of Plant Biology Southern Illinois University A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication Edition fi rst published 2010 © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientifi c, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Editorial Offi ce 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book, please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specifi c clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payments has been arranged. The fee codes for users of the Transactional Reporting Service are ISBN-13: 978-0-8138-1502-2/2010. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Genes for plant abiotic stress / editors, Matthew A. Jenks, Andrew J. Wood. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8138-1502-2 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Crops–Effect of stress on. 2. Crop improvement. 3. Crops and climate. 4. Crops–Physiology. 5. Crops–Development. I. Jenks, Matthew A. II. Wood, Andrew J. SB112.5G46 2009 632′.1–dc22 2009031844 A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress. Set in 10.5 on 12 pt Times by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printed in the Singapore 1 2010 Contents Contributors ix Preface xiii Section 1 Genetic Determinants of Plant Adaptation under Water Stress 3 Chapter 1 Genetic Determinants of Stomatal Function 5 SONG LI and SARAH M. ASSMANN Introduction 5 Arabidopsis as a Model System 7 How Do Stomates Sense Drought Stress? 7 Signaling Events inside Guard Cells in Response to Drought 11 Cell Signaling Mutants with Altered Stomatal Responses 15 Transcriptional Regulation in Stomatal Drought Response 22 Summary 24 References 25 Chapter 2 Pathways and Genetic Determinants for Cell Wall–based Osmotic Stress Tolerance in the Arabidopsis thaliana Root System 35 HISASHI KOIWA Introduction 35 Genes That Affect the Cell Wall and Plant Stress Tolerance 35 Genes and Proteins in Cellulose Biosynthesis 36 Pathways Involved in N-glycosylation and N-glycan Modifi cations 38 Dolichol Biosynthesis 38 Sugar-nucleotide Biosynthesis 39 Assembly of Core Oligosaccharide 40 Oligosaccharyltransferase 40 Processing of Core Oligosaccharides in the ER 42 Unfolded Protein Response and Osmotic Stress Signaling 42 N-glycan Re-glycosylation and ER-associated Protein Degradation 44 N-glycan Modifi cation in the Golgi Apparatus 44 Ascorbate as an Interface between the N-glycosylation Pathway and Oxidative Stress Response 46 Biosynthesis of GPI Anchor 46 Microtubules 47 v vi CONTENTS Conclusion 48 References 49 Chapter 3 Transcription and Signaling Factors in the Drought Response Regulatory Network 55 MATTHEW GEISLER Introduction 55 Drought Stress Perception 55 Systems Biology Approaches 56 Transcriptomic Studies of Drought Stress 63 The DREB/CBF Regulon 66 ABA Signaling 71 Reactive Oxygen Signaling 72 Integration of Stress Regulatory Networks 72 Assembling the Known Pathways and Expanding Using Gene Expression Networks’ Predicted Protein Interactions 74 Acknowledgments 75 References 75 Section 2 Genes for Crop Adaptation to Poor Soil 81 Chapter 4 Genetic Determinants of Salinity Tolerance in Crop Plants 83 DARREN PLETT, BETTINA BERGER, and MARK TESTER Introduction 83 Salinity Tolerance 85 Conclusion 100 References 100 Chapter 5 Unraveling the Mechanisms Underlying Aluminum-dependent Root Growth Inhibition 113 PAUL B. LARSEN Introduction 113 Mechanisms of Aluminum Toxicity 114 Aluminum Resistance Mechanisms 117 Aluminum Tolerance Mechanisms 120 Arabidopsis as a Model System for Aluminum Resistance, Tolerance, and Toxicity 121 Aluminum-sensitive Arabidopsis Mutants 121 The Role of ALS3 in A1 Tolerance 122 ALS1 Encodes a Half-type ABC Transporter Required for Aluminum Tolerance 126 Other Arabidopsis Factors Required for Aluminum Resistance/Tolerance 128 Identifi cation of Aluminum-tolerant Mutants in Arabidopsis 129 The Nature of the alt1 Mutations 132 Conclusions 138 References 138 CONTENTS vii Chapter 6 Genetic Determinants of Phosphate Use Effi ciency in Crops 143 FULGENCIO ALATORRE-COBOS, DAMAR LÓPEZ-ARREDONDO, and LUIS HERRERA-ESTRELLA Introduction 143 Why Improve Crop Nutrition and the Relationship with World Food Security? 143 Phosphorus and Crops: Phosphorus as an Essential Nutrient and Its Supply as a Key Component to Crop Yield 144 Phosphorus and Plant Metabolism: Regulatory and Structural Functions 145 Phosphate Starvation: Adaptations to Phosphate Starvation and Current Knowledge about Phosphate Sensing and Signaling Networks during Phosphate Stress 146 Nutrient Use Effi ciency 150 Genetic Determinants for the Phosphate Acquisition 150 Genetic Determinants for Pi Acquisition by Modulating Root System Architecture 153 Genetic Determinants Involved with Phosphorus Utilization Effi ciency 155 Genetic Engineering to Improve the Phosphate Use Effi ciency 156 Conclusions 158 References 158 Color Plate Section Chapter 7 Genes for Use in Improving Nitrate Use Effi ciency in Crops 167 DAVID A. LIGHTFOOT Introduction 167 The Two Forms of NUE: Regulation of Nitrogen Partitioning and Yield in Crops 169 Mutants as Tools to Isolate Important Plant Genes 169 Transcript Analysis 174 Metanomic Tools for Extending Functional Genomics 174 Transgenics Lacking A Priori Evidence for NUE 175 Microbial Activity 176 Nodule Effects and Mycorrhizal Effects 178 Water Effects 178 Conclusions 178 References 179 Section 3 Genes for Plant Tolerance to Temperature Extremes 183 Chapter 8 Genes and Gene Regulation for Low-temperature Tolerance 185 MANTAS SURVILA, PEKKA HEINO, and E. TAPIO PALVA Introduction 185 Protective Mechanisms Induced during Cold Acclimation 188 Regulation of Gene Expression 192 Cross Talk between Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses 207 viii CONTENTS Conclusions and Future Perspectives 207 Acknowledgments 209 References 209 Chapter 9 Genetic Approaches toward Improving Heat Tolerance in Plants 221 MAMATHA HANUMAPPA and HENRY T. NGUYEN Introduction 221 Thermotolerance 221 High Temperature Impact and Plant Response to Heat Stress 223 Mechanism of Heat Tolerance in Plants 230 Genetic Approaches to Improve Heat Tolerance in Crops 235 The Effect of Stress Combination 244 Evolving Techniques 246 Conclusion and Perspectives 247 References 247 Section 4 Integrating Plant Abiotic Stress Responses 261 Chapter 10 Genetic Networks Underlying Plant Abiotic Stress Responses 263 ARJUN KRISHNAN, MADANA M.R. AMBAVARAM, AMAL HARB, UTLWANG BATLANG, PETER E. WITTICH, and ANDY PEREIRA Introduction 263 Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses 264 Transcriptome Analysis of Abiotic Stress Responses 270 Gene Network of Universal Abiotic Stress Response 274 Conclusions 276 References 276 Chapter 11 Discovering Genes for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants 281 MICHAEL POPELKA, MITCHELL TUINSTRA, and CLIFFORD F. WEIL Introduction 281 Salt Stress 286 Heat Stress 287 Oxidative Stress 288 Nutrient/Mineral Stress 289 Plant Architecture and Morphology 290 Evolutionary Conservation and Gene Discovery 291 Conclusion 292 References 292 Index 303 Contributors Fulgencio Alatorre - Cobos Laboratorio Nacional de Gen ó mica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigaci ó n y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit é cnico Nacional Campus Guanajuato 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, M é xico [email protected] Madana M.R. Ambavaram Virginia Bioinformatics Institute Virginia Tech Washington Street Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA Sarah M. Assmann Biology Department Penn State University 208 Mueller Laboratory University Park, PA 16802 USA Utlwang Batlang Virginia Bioinformatics Institute Virginia Tech Washington Street Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA Bettina Berger Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics and University of Adelaide, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA Australia, 5064 Matthew Geisler Southern Illinois University Department of Plant Biology 403 Life Science II Building 1125 Lincoln Drive Carbondale, IL 62901 USA ix x CONTRIBUTORS Mamatha Hanumappa Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211 USA Amal Harb Virginia Bioinformatics Institute Virginia Tech Washington Street Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA Pekka Heino Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Division of Genetics University of Helsinki P.O. Box 56, FIN - 00014 Helsinki Finland Luis Herrera - Estrella Laboratorio Nacional de Gen ó mica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigaci ó n y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit é cnico Nacional Campus Guanajuato 36821 Irapuato Guanajuato, M é xico [email protected] Hisashi Koiwa Department of Horticultural Sciences 2133 Texas A & M University College Station, TX 77843 - 2133 USA Arjun Krishnan Virginia Bioinformatics Institute Virginia Tech Washington Street Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA Paul B. Larsen Department of Biochemistry University of California Riverside, CA 92521 USA 951 - 827 - 2026 [email protected] CONTRIBUTORS xi Song Li Biology Department Penn State University 208 Mueller Laboratory University Park, PA 16802 USA David A. Lightfoot Department of Plant Soil and Agricultural Systems Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901 USA Damar L ó pez - Arredondo Laboratorio Nacional de Gen ó mica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigaci ó n y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit é cnico Nacional Campus Guanajuato 36821 Irapuato Guanajuato, M é xico [email protected] Henry T. Nguyen Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211 USA E. Tapio Palva Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Division of Genetics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 56, FIN - 00014 Helsinki Finland Andy Pereira Virginia Bioinformatics Institute Virginia Tech Washington Street Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA [email protected] , 540 - 231 - 3784 Darren Plett Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics and University of Adelaide, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA Australia, 5064
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