Generic Adaptation Framework for unifying adaptive web-based systems

213 Pages·2012·4.42 MB·English

Generic Adaptation Framework
for unifying adaptive web-based systems
EvgenyKnutov
CIP-DATALIBRARYTECHNISCHEUNIVERSITEITEINDHOVEN
Knutov,Evgeny
GenericAdaptationFrameworkforUnifyingAdaptiveWeb-basedSystems
doorEvgenyKnutov.
Eindhoven:TechnischeUniversiteitEindhoven,2012.Proefschrift.
A catalogue record is available from the Eindhoven University of Technology Library
ISBN978-90-386-3131-8
NUR980
Subject headings: hypertext / hypermedia / adaptive hypermedia / framework / recom-
mendersystems/webinformationsystems
SIKSDissertationSeriesNo.2012-14
TheresearchreportedinthisthesishasbeencarriedoutundertheauspicesofSIKS,
theDutchResearchSchoolforInformationandKnowledgeSystems.
Printedby:BOXPress/proefschriftmaken.nl
CoverDesign:EvgenyKnutov
CoverPhoto:EvgenyKnutov
Copyright(cid:2)c2012byE.Knutov,Eindhoven,theNetherlands
All Rights Reserved. No parts of this thesis publication may be reproduced, stored in
retrieval systems, or transmitted in any form by any means, mechanical, photocopying,
recording,orotherwise,withoutwrittenconsentoftheauthor.
Generic Adaptation Framework
for
Unifying Adaptive Web-based Systems
PROEFSCHRIFT
ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven,
op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr.ir. C.J. van Duijn,
voor een commissie aangewezen door het College voor
Promoties
in het openbaar te verdedigen
op woensdag 9 mei 2012 om 16.00 uur
door
Evgeny Knutov
geboren te Sint Petersburg, Rusland
Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotor:
prof. dr. P.M.E. De Bra
Copromotor:
dr. M. Pechenizkiy
i
Acknowledgement
Iwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetothosewhogavemethepossibilitytoworkonthe
GAFprojectandsupportedmeduringalltheseyears.
FirstIwouldliketothankmysupervisorsProf. Dr. PaulDeBraandDr. MykolaPech-
enizkiyfortheirsupport,guidance,longscientificandinspirationaldiscussions.
I would also like to thank Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) for the support
in my research and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research - Nederlandse
OrganisatievoorWetenschappelijkOnderzoek(NWO)forsupportingtheGAFproject.
Many thanks to the reviewing committee: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Nejdl, Prof. Dr. Hugh
DavisandProf. Dr. PaulGrefen, whohelpedtoimprovethisthesisandprovidedtheir
valuablecommentsandsuggestions.IwouldalsoliketothankProf.Dr.BarrySmythwho
letmespendtimeinhisresearchgroupdoingcase-studiesandthemembersof‘Clarity’
centre: MauriceCoyle,PeterBriggs,MichaelO’Mahony,JohnHannon,KevinMcNally,
OwenPhelanandZurinaSaaya. Iwouldliketothanksalltheinspirationalresearchers
fromthe‘GRAPPLE’projectandAHcommunity.ThankstoallthosepeopleImetatAH,
UMAP,HTandotherconferencesIattendedforinterestingdiscussions,colleaguesfrom
theISgroupforhelpandespeciallymyofficematesJorn,Pieter,KeesandYongming.
AndlastbutnotleastthankstomyMom,Dadandfriendsforbeingsupportiveanden-
couragingmeovertheyears.
Thankyouall!

Contents
Acknowledgement i
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 ResearchGoalandApproach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 ResearchQuestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 ThesisOutlineandContribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5 Importantdefinitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2 IntroductiontoAHS:historyofAHmodelsandsystems,AHtaxonomyup-
date 11
2.1 HistoryofAHmodelsandsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Questionsofadaptation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3 How?:AdaptiveMethodsandTechniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.1 Contentadaptationsupport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.2 Adaptivenavigationsupport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3.3 Adaptivepresentationsupport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.4 Adaptivemultimediapresentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.5 MediaAdaptationAbstractionLayer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.3.6 ToolsAdaptation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.4 AHSReferenceModels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.5 What?:theDomainModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.6 ToWhat?:theUserModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.7 Why?:GoalsandTasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.8 Where?andwhen?:applicationandcontextmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.9 Dextermodelrevisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.10 AHAMmodelrevisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.11 Studyconclusions:summarizingavisionoffuturegenericAHS . . . . . 44
3 ModellingGAF 49
3.1 IntroductiontobuildingGAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.2 FromDexterModel,throughAHAM,toGAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.3 GAFProcessModelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.3.1 AdaptationProcessModelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
iii
iv Contents
3.3.2 ReferenceAdaptationProcessoutlines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.3.3 QuestionsofAdaptationandAdaptationSequence . . . . . . . . 57
3.4 AdaptationProcessFlowcharts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.5 AHSfunctionalityexplainedintermsofprocessrepresentation . . . . . . 64
3.6 ‘Rotating’theLayersofAHS:AdaptationProcessandtheLayeredModel 69
3.7 ReasoninginGAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.7.1 CombiningTechnologiesforGAF-ECAReasoningFramework . 72
3.7.2 RestrictingtheEQTATransitionsinGAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.7.3 AssociationRulesinGAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.7.4 GAFmeetscase-basedreasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.8 GAFgroupsmodellinginsights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.9 Towardsdata-driventoolsetinGAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.10 SemanticWebinsights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
4 GAFReference“Architecture” 87
4.1 GoalModel(GM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.2 DomainModel(DM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.3 ResourceModel(RM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
4.4 UserandGroupModels(UMandGrM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
4.5 ContextModel(CM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
4.6 ApplicationModelandAdaptationEngine(AM,AE) . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4.7 PresentationModel(PM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
5 GAFComplianceStudies 105
5.1 Adaptivecoursecompliancestudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
5.2 RecommenderSystemComplianceStudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
5.3 AdaptiveSearchComplianceStudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6 GAFCase-Studies 115
6.1 HeyStakscase-study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
6.1.1 HeyStaksprocess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
6.1.2 HeyStaksstudy:compliantandcomplimentaryfeatures . . . . . . 117
6.1.3 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
6.2 Twittomendercase-study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
6.2.1 Twittomenderrecommenderoverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
6.2.2 RecommenderSystemandAHS:TwittomenderStudy . . . . . . 123
6.2.3 ExtendingTwittomender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
6.2.4 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
6.3 RemotePatientManagementsystem(investigation)case-study . . . . . . 127
6.4 CHIPartrecommendercase-study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
6.5 GAFSystemArchitectureAnalysisApproach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
6.5.1 GAFAnalysisApproach(overviewofDMExample) . . . . . . . 134
7 TechnologiesLeveragingAdaptiveandPersonalizationFunctionality 139
7.1 GAFProvenanceModelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Contents v
7.1.1 Provenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
7.1.2 AdaptationandProvenanceQuestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
7.1.3 Aligningquestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
7.1.4 ExamplesofProvenanceImportanceinAH . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
7.1.5 ProvenanceIssuesandProspectiveSolutions . . . . . . . . . . . 146
7.2 VersioninginAH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
7.2.1 IntroductiontoVersioninginAH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
7.2.2 Capturing,accessingandretrievingversionedinformation . . . . 148
7.2.3 VersioningChangestoSupportPersonalizationinaDynamicWeb
Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
7.2.4 OvercomingVisualisationOverloadIssues . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
7.2.5 AHPersonalizationAspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
7.2.6 AViewonanadaptiveproxyarchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
7.2.7 OutliningbenefitsofversioningandAH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
7.2.8 Versioning Systems in Personalization: practical examples and
AHuse-cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
7.2.9 VersioningUse-casesinAH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
8 ConcludingRemarks 163
8.1 Conclusions:RevisitingtheResearchQuestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
8.2 FutureWork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Summary 187
Samenvatting 189
CurriculumVitae 191
SIKSDissertatiereeks 193