Generating Social Stratification: Toward A New Research Agenda (Social Inequality)

376 Pages·1999·62.48 MB·English

by  Alan C Kerckhoff

Generating Social Stratification:
Toward a New Research Agenda
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Social Inequality Series
Marta Tienda and David B. Crusky, Series Editors
Generating Social Stratification: Toward a
New Research Agenda, edited by Alan C. Kerckhoff
The New Role of Women: Family Formation
in Modem Societies, edited by Hans-Peter Blossfeld
Social Stratification: Class, Race, and Gender
in Sociological Perspective, edited by David B. Grusky
Careers and Creativity: Social Forces in the Arts,
Harrison C. White
Persistent Inequality:
Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries,
edited by Yossi Shavit and Hans-Peter Blossfeld
The Arab Minority in Israel's Economy: Patterns of
Ethnic Inequality, Noah Lewin-Epstein and Moshe Semyonov
Equality and Achievement in Education,
James S. Coleman
Ethnicity and the New Family Economy:
Living Arrangements and Intergenerational Financial Flows,
edited by Frances K. Goldscheider and Calvin Goldscheider
FORTHCOMING
Social Differentiation and Social Inequality: Essays
in Honor of John Pock, edited by James Baron,
David B. Grusky, and Donald Treiman
Education and Social Class in Comparative Perspective,
edited by Robert Erikson and Jan O. Jonsson
Inequality and Aging, John Henretta and Angela O'Rand
Prejudice or Productivity: Ethnicity, Languages,
and Discrimination in Labor Markets, M.D.R, Evans
Between Two Worlds: Southeast Asian Refugee
Youth in America, Ruben G. Rumbaut and Kenji Ima
Children, Schools, and Inequality,
Doris R. Entwisle and Karl Len Alexander
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Generating
Social Stratification:
Toward a New Research Agenda
EDITED BY
Alan C. Kerckhoff
Duke University
~^-r-^ A Member of the Perseus Books Group
Social Inequality Series
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may
be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publisher.
Copyright © 2000 by Westview Press, A Member of the Perseus Books Group
Published in 2000 in the United States of America by Westview Press, 5500 Central Avenue,
Boulder, Colorado 80301-2877, and in the United Kingdom by Westview Press, 12 Hid's Copse
Road, Cumnor Hill, Oxford OX2 9JJ
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Pubfication Data
Generating social stratification : toward a new research agenda /
edited by Alan C. Kerckhoff
p. cm.—(Social inequality series)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-8133-8967-4 (he) ISBN 0-8133-6796-4 (pbk).
1. Students—United States—Social conditions. 2. Academic
achievement—United States. 3. Social mobility—United States.
I. Kerckhoff, Alan C. II. Series.
LC205.G46 1996
371.8*0973—dc20 95-45691
CIP
The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for
Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48-1984.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21
Contents
Preface xi
PART ONE
Conceptualizing Careers and Stratification Processes
Introduction to Part One 1
1 Structuration and Individualization: The Life Course
as a Continuous, Multilevel Process,
Angela M. O'Rand, Duke University 3
2 Social Psychological Aspects of Achievement,
Jeylan T. Mortimer, University of Minnesota 17
3 Building Conceptual and Empirical Bridges between
Studies of Educational and Labor Force Careers,
Alan C. Kerckhoff, Duke University 37
PART TWO
Educational Contexts and Processes
Introduction to Part Two 57
4 Educational Stratification and Individual Careers,
Adam Gamoran, University of Wisconsin, Madison 59
5 Educational Tracking during the Early Years:
First Grade Placements and Middle School Constraints,
Karl L. Alexander and Doris R. Entwisle
The Johns Hopkins Univerisity 75
Vlll
6 Peer Social Networks and Adolescent Career
Development, Charles E. Bidwell
and Stephen Plank, The University of Chicago;
Chandra Midler, The University of Texas, Austin 107
7 School Choice and Community Segregation:
Findings from Scotland, /. Douglas Willms
University of New Brunswick and University of Edinburgh 133
8 Educational Processes and School Reform,
Maureen T. Hallinan, University of Notre Dame 153
PART THREE
Education and Labor Force Linkages
Introduction to Part Three 171
9 Educational Credentials and the Labor Market:
An Inter-Industry Comparison,
W.P. Bridges, University of Illinois at Chicago 173
10 Education, Earnings Gain, and Earnings Loss in
Loosely and Tightly Structured Labor Markets:
A Comparison between the United States and Germany,
Thomas A. DiPrete, Duke University;
Patricia A. McManus, Indiana University 201
11 Education and Credentialing Systems, Labor Market
Structure and the Work of Allied Health Occupations,
Robert Althauser, Indiana University;
Toby Appel, Yale University 223
12 Creating Capitalists: The Social Origins of
Entrepreneurship in Post-Communist Poland,
Barbara Heyns, New York University 257
IX
PART FOUR
Social System Contexts
Introduction to Part Four 291
13 The Politics of Mobility,
Michael Hout, University of California, Berkeley 293
14 Stratification and Attainment in a Large Japanese Firm,
Seymour Spilerman, Columbia University;
Hiroshi Ishida, University of Tokyo 317
15 Changing Contexts of Careers: Trends in
Labor Market Structures and Some Implications
for Labor Force Outcomes, Arne L. Kalleberg
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 343
About the Book and Editor 359