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9 0 Technical collection 0 2 Electrical installation guide s d r a d n 2009 a t s al n o ti a n r e t n C i E I o According to t g n di r o IEC international Make the most of your energy c c A e standards d i u g n o i t a l l a t s n i l a c i r ISBN 978-2-9531643-0-5 t c e l E 9782953 164305 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Head Office As standarts, specifications and designs change from time to time, please ask for confirmation 89, bd Franklin Roosevelt of the information given in this pubication. F-92506 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex This document has been FRANCE printed on ecological paper EIGED306001EN ART.822920 12/2008 This guide has been written for electrical Engineers who have to design, realize, inspect or maintain electrical installations in compliance with international Standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). “Which technical solution will guarantee that all relevant safety rules are met?” This question has been a permanent guideline for the elaboration of this document. An international Standard such as the IEC 60364 “Electrical Installation in Buldings” specifies extensively the rules to comply with to ensure safety and predicted operational characteristics for all types of electrical installations. As the Standard must be extensive, and has to be applicable to all types of products and the technical solutions in use worldwide, the text of the IEC rules is complex, and not presented in a ready-to-use order. The Standard cannot therefore be considered as a working handbook, but only as a reference document. The aim of the present guide is to provide a clear, practical and step- by-step explanation for the complete study of an electrical installation, according to IEC 60364 and other relevant IEC Standards. Therefore, the first chapter (B) presents the methodology to be used, and each chapter deals with one out of the eight steps of the study. The two last chapter are devoted to particular supply sources, loads and locations, and appendix provides additional information. Special attention must be paid to the EMC appendix, which is based on the broad and practical experience on electromagnetic compatibility problems. We all hope that you, the user, will find this handbook genuinely helpful. Schneider Electric S.A. This technical guide is the result of The Electrical Installation Guide is a single document covering the a collective effort. techniques, regulations and standards related to electrical installations. It is intended for electrical professionals in companies, design offices, Technical advisor: inspection organisations, etc. Serge Volut - Jacques Schonek Illustrations and production: This Technical Guide is aimed at professional users and is only intended AXESS - Valence -France to provide them guidelines for the definition of an industrial, tertiary or domestic electrical installation. Information and guidelines contained in this Printing: Guide are provided AS IS. Schneider Electric makes no warranty of any Les Deux-Ponts - France kind, whether express or implied, such as but not limited to the warranties Edition of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, nor assumes any December 2008 legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this Guide, Price: 90 � nor represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. The purpose of this guide is to facilitate the implementation of International ISBN: 978.2.9531643.0.5 installation standards for designers & contractors, but in all cases the N° dépôt légal: 1er semestre 2008 original text of International or local standards in force shall prevail. © Schneider Electric This new edition has been published to take into account changes in All rights reserved in all countries techniques, standards and regulations, in particular electrical installation standard IEC 60364. We thank all the readers of the previous edition of this guide for their comments that have helped improve the current edition. We also thank the many people and organisations, to numerous to name here, who have contributed in one way or another to the preparation of this guide. Acknowlegements This guide has been realized by a team of experienced international experts, on the base of IEC 60364 standard, and include the latest developments in electrical standardization. We shall mention particularly the following experts and their area of expertise: Chapter Christian Collombet D Bernard Jover Q Charley Gros L, M Didier Fulchiron B Didier Mignardot J Emmanuel Genevray E, P Eric Breuillé F Franck Mégret G Geoffroy De-Labrouhe K Jacques Schonek A, C, D, G, N Jean Marc Lupin L, M Jean Paul Baudet N Jean Paul Lionet E Jérome Lecomte H Matei Iurascu F, H Michel Sacotte B You can ask questions to these experts by sending a mail at the following address: [email protected] Guiding tools for more efficiency in electrical distribution design Technical knowledge Pre-design help for budget Design support Specification help Help in installation, use & approach maintenance 10-30mn eLearning modules for Selection criterias & method Practical data & methods Technical specification on Product installation data individual training to follow in order to pre-define through major design guides: products & solutions for tender project specification: b Electrical Installation Guide request Product how to use data Articles giving base skills about b Architecture guide b Protection guide general subjects: “Cahiers b ID-Spec software b Industrial electrical network Product maintenance data Techniques” design guide b ... Product presentation of technical characteristics in all Schneider Electric product Catalogues Design Software: b My Ecodial Ecodial software provides a complete design package for Solutions and examples with LV installations, in accordance recommended architectures in with IEC standards and Solution guides: recommendations. b airport Main features: b automative v Create diagrams b food v Optimise circuit breakers curves b retail v Determine source power b office v Follow step by step calculation b industrial buildings v Print the project design file b healthcare b SISPRO building b ... b ... Drawing source files for connection, dimension, diagram, mounting & safety: CAD library Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2009 Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2009 Guiding tools for more efficiency in electrical distribution design Technical knowledge Pre-design help for budget Design support Specification help Help in installation, use & approach maintenance 10-30mn eLearning modules for Selection criterias & method Practical data & methods Technical specification on Product installation data individual training to follow in order to pre-define through major design guides: products & solutions for tender project specification: b Electrical Installation Guide request Product how to use data Articles giving base skills about b Architecture guide b Protection guide general subjects: “Cahiers b ID-Spec software b Industrial electrical network Product maintenance data Techniques” design guide b ... Product presentation of technical characteristics in all Schneider Electric product Catalogues Design Software: b My Ecodial Ecodial software provides a complete design package for Solutions and examples with LV installations, in accordance recommended architectures in with IEC standards and Solution guides: recommendations. b airport Main features: b automative v Create diagrams b food v Optimise circuit breakers curves b retail v Determine source power b office v Follow step by step calculation b industrial buildings v Print the project design file b healthcare b SISPRO building b ... b ... Drawing source files for connection, dimension, diagram, mounting & safety: CAD library Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2009 Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2009 General contents A General rules of electrical installation design 1 Methodology A2 2 Rules and statutory regulations A4 3 Installed power loads - Characteristics A10 4 Power loading of an installation A15 B Connection to the MV utility distribution network 1 Supply of power at medium voltage B2 2 Procedure for the establishment of a new substation B14 3 Protection aspect B16 4 The consumer substation with LV metering B22 5 The consumer substation with MV metering B30 6 Constitution of MV/LV distribution substations B35 C Connection to the LV utility distribution network 1 Low voltage utility distribution networks C2 2 Tariffs and metering C16 D MV & LV architecture selection guide 1 Stakes for the user D3 2 Simplified architecture design process D4 3 Electrical installation characteristics D7 4 Technological characteristics D11 5 Architecture assessment criteria D13 6 Choice of architecture fundamentals D15 7 Choice of architecture details D19 8 Choice of equiment D24 9 Recommendations for architecture optimization D26 10 Glossary D29 11 ID-Spec software D30 12 Example: electrical installation in a printworks D31 E LV Distribution 1 Earthing schemes E2 2 The installation system E15 3 External influences (IEC 60364-5-51) E25 F Protection against electric shocks 1 General F2 2 Protection against direct contact F4 3 Protection against indirect contact F6 4 Protection of goods due to insulation fault F17 5 Implementation of the TT system F19 6 Implementation of the TN system F23 7 Implementation of the IT system F29 8 Residual current differential devices RCDs F36 G Sizing and protection of conductors 1 General G2 2 Practical method for determining the smallest allowable G7 cross-sectional area of circuit conductors 3 Determination of voltage drop G20 4 Short-circuit current G24 5 Particular cases of short-circuit current G30 6 Protective earthing conductor G37 7 The neutral conductor G42 8 Worked example of cable calculation G46 H LV switchgear: functions & selection 1 The basic functions of LV switchgear H2 2 The switchgear H5 3 Choice of switchgear H10 4 Circuit breaker H11 Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2009 General contents J Protection against voltage surges in LV 1 General J2 2 Overvoltage protection devices J6 3 Protection against voltage surges in LV J11 4 Choosing a protection device J14 K Energy Efficiency in electrical distribution 1 Introduction K2 2 Energy efficiency and electricity K3 3 Diagnosis through electrical measurement K7 4 Energy saving solutions K13 5 How to value energy savings K31 6 From returns on investment to sustained performance K34 L Power factor correction and harmonic filtering 1 Reactive energy and power factor L2 2 Why to improve the power factor? L5 3 How to improve the power factor? L7 4 Where to install power correction capacitors? L10 5 How to decide the optimum level of compensation? L12 6 Compensation at the terminals of a transformer L15 7 Power factor correction of induction motors L18 8 Example of an installation before and after power factor correction L20 9 The effects of harmonics L21 10 Implementation of capacitor banks L24 M Harmonic management 1 The problem: M2 Why is it necessary to detect and eliminate harmonics? 2 Standards M3 3 General M4 4 Main effects of harmonics in installations M6 5 Essential indicators of harmonic distortion and M11 measurement principles 6 Measuring the indicators M14 7 Detection devices M16 8 Solutions to attenuate harmonics M17 N Characteristics of particular sources and loads 1 Protection of a LV generator set and the downstream circuits N2 2 Uninterruptible Power Supply Units (UPS) N11 3 Protection of LV/LV transformers N24 4 Lighting circuits N27 5 Asynchronous motors N45 P Residential and other special locations 1 Residential and similar premises P2 2 Bathrooms and showers P8 3 Recommendations applicable to special installations and locations P12 Q EMC guidelines 1 Electrical distribution Q2 2 Earthing principles and structures Q3 3 Implementation Q5 4 Coupling mechanism and counter-measures Q16 5 Wiring recommendations Q22 Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2009 Chapter A General rules of electrical installation design A Contents Methodology A2 2 Rules and statutory regulations A4 2.1 Definition of voltage ranges A4 2.2 Regulations A5 2.3 Standards A5 2.4 Quality and safety of an electrical installation A6 2.5 Initial testing of an installation A6 2.6 Periodic check-testing of an installation A7 2.7 Conformity (with standards and specifications) of equipment used in the installation A7 2.8 Environment A8 3 Installed power loads - Characteristics A0 3.1 Induction motors A10 3.2 Resistive-type heating appliances and incandescent lamps (conventional or halogen) A12 4 Power loading of an installation A5 4.1 Installed power (kW) A15 4.2 Installed apparent power (kVA) A15 4.3 Estimation of actual maximum kVA demand A16 4.4 Example of application of factors ku and ks A17 4.5 Diversity factor A18 4.6 Choice of transformer rating A19 4.7 Choice of power-supply sources A20 d e v er es hts r g all ri ectric - El er d ei n h Sc © Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2009 A - General rules of electrical installation design Methodology A2 For the best results in electrical installation design it is recommended to read all the chapters of this guide in the order in which they are presented. Listing of power demands A - General rules of electrical installation design The study of a proposed electrical installation requires an adequate understanding of all governing rules and regulations. The total power demand can be calculated from the data relative to the location and power of each load, together with the knowledge of the operating modes (steady state demand, starting conditions, non simultaneous operation, etc.) From these data, the power required from the supply source and (where appropriate) the number of sources necessary for an adequate supply to the installation are readily obtained. Local information regarding tariff structures is also required to allow the best choice of connection arrangement to the power-supply network, e.g. at medium voltage or low voltage level. Service connection This connection can be made at: B – Connection to the MV utility distribution b Medium Voltage level network A consumer-type substation will then have to be studied, built and equipped. This substation may be an outdoor or indoor installation conforming to relevant standards and regulations (the low-voltage section may be studied separately if necessary). Metering at medium-voltage or low-voltage is possible in this case. C - Connection to the LV utility distribution b Low Voltage level network The installation will be connected to the local power network and will (necessarily) be metered according to LV tariffs. D - MV & LV architecture selection guide Electrical Distribution architecture The whole installation distribution network is studied as a complete system. A selection guide is proposed for determination of the most suitable architecture. MV/LV main distribution and LV power distribution levels are covered. E - LV Distribution Neutral earthing arrangements are chosen according to local regulations, constraints related to the power-supply, and to the type of loads. The distribution equipment (panelboards, switchgears, circuit connections, ...) are determined from building plans and from the location and grouping of loads. The type of premises and allocation can influence their immunity to external disturbances. F - Protection against electric shocks Protection against electric shocks The earthing system (TT, IT or TN) having been previously determined, then the appropriate protective devices must be implemented in order to achieve protection against hazards of direct or indirect contact. G - Sizing and protection of conductors Circuits and switchgear Each circuit is then studied in detail. From the rated currents of the loads, the level of short-circuit current, and the type of protective device, the cross-sectional area of circuit conductors can be determined, taking into account the nature of the cableways and their influence on the current rating of conductors. Before adopting the conductor size indicated above, the following requirements must be satisfied: b The voltage drop complies with the relevant standard b Motor starting is satisfactory b Protection against electric shock is assured The short-circuit current Isc is then determined, and the thermal and electrodynamic withstand capability of the circuit is checked. These calculations may indicate that it is necessary to use a conductor size larger than the size originally chosen. ed H - LV switchgear: functions & selection The performance required by the switchgear will determine its type and v eser characteristics. hts r The use of cascading techniques and the discriminative operation of fuses and g tripping of circuit breakers are examined. all ri ectric - El er d ei n h Sc © Schneider Electric - Electrical installation guide 2009