Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis Volume 2 General Methods and Overviews, Lung Carcinoma and Prostate Carcinoma M.A. Hayat Editor (cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:0)(cid:4) General Methods and Overviews, Lung Carcinoma and Prostate Carcinoma Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis Volume 2 For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/8172 Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis Volume 2 General Methods and Overviews, Lung Carcinoma and Prostate Carcinoma Edited by M.A. Hayat Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA Editor M.A. Hayat Department of Biological Sciences Kean University Union, NJ USA ISBN 978-1-4020-8441-6 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-8442-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008930172 © 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfi lming, recording or otherwise, without written p ermission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com New technology, for better or for worse, will be used, as that is our nature. Lewis Thomas You have been given the key that opens the gates of heaven; the same key opens the gates of hell. Writing at the entrance to a Buddhist temple Authors and Co-Authors of Volume 2 Naglaa F. Abbas Florence Arnold Medical Division, National Research Saskatoon Cancer Center, University Center, Al-Tahrir Street, Dokki Giza, of Saskatchewan, 20 Campus Drive, Egypt University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 4H4 Imran Ahmad Saskatoon Cancer Center, University Armando Bartolazzi of Saskatchewan, 20 Campus Drive, Department of Oncology-Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 4H4 Cancer Center Karolinska, CCK R8:04 E-mail: [email protected] Karolinska Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden Shahid Ahmed E-mail: [email protected] Saskatoon Cancer Center, University of Saskatchewan, 20 Campus Drive, Susana Benlloch University of Saskatchewan, Research Unit, Alicante University Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 4H4 General Hospital, Avda Pintor Baeza 12, Alicante 03010, Spain Annette Altmann E-mail: [email protected] Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Heinrich Bulzebruck Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, IT-Abteilung der Thoraxklinik am FRG-69120 Heidelberg, Germany Universitatsklinikum, Heidelburg, E-mail: [email protected] Amalienstrasse 5, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany Samuel G. Armato III Department of Radiology- MC 2026, Loren E. Clarke The University of Chicago, 5841 Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 Center-M.C. H179, P. O. Box 850, 500 E-mail: [email protected] University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033 vii viii Authors and Co-Authors of Volume 2 Philip Clewer Henndrik Dienemann Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Chirurgische Abteilung der Thoraxklinik Southampton General Hospital, Tremona am Universitatsklinikum, Heidelburg, Road Southampton, SO16 6YD, Amalienstrasse 5, D-69126 Heidelberg, United Kingdom Germany E-mail: [email protected] David Dingli Gaetano Compagnone Harvard University, Program for Department of Medical Physics, Evolutionary Dynamics, One Brattle Sq. S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Azienda Suite 6, Cambridge, MA 02138 Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, E-mail: [email protected] Via Massarenti, 9 40138 Bologna, Italy Vikram S. Dogra E-mail: [email protected]. University of Rochester, School of unibo.it Medicine, Department of Imaging Leslie C. Costello Sciences, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Box 648, Rochester, NY 14642 Dental School and the Greenbaum E-mail: vikram_dogra@urmc. Cancer Center, University of Maryland, rochester.edu 650 West Baltimore, MD 21201 Nadia G. EL-Hefnawy E-mail: [email protected] Pathology Department, Faculty of Juanita Crook Medicine, Ain-Shams University, University of Toronto/Princess Margaret Cairo, Egypt Hospital, 610 University Avenue, Sonia L. El-Sharkawy Toronto M5G 2M9 Medical Division, National Research E-mail: [email protected] Center, Al-Tahrir Street, Dokki Giza, Gabriel D. Dakubo Egypt Genesis Genomics, Inc., 290 Munro E-mail: [email protected] Street, Ste. 1000, Thunder Bay, Renty B. Franklin ON P7A 7T1, Canada Department of Biomedical Sciences, E-mail: Gabriel.dakubo Dental School and the Greenbaum @genesisgenomics.com Cancer Center, University of Marco Das Maryland, 650 West Baltimore, Hochschule Aachen University, MD 21201 Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische, José Marcelo Galbis-Caravajal Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Oncology, Alicante University Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen 52074, General Hospital, Avda Pintor Baeza Germany 12, Alicante 03010, Spain E-mail: [email protected] Authors and Co-Authors of Volume 2 ix Christian Görg Kristie Harding Department of Internal Medicine, Saskatoon Cancer Center, University Philipps-University Marburg, of Saskatchewan, 20 Campus Drive, Baldingerstraße, D-35033 Marburg, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Germany SK, Canada S7N 4H4 E-mail: Christian.Goerg@med. M.A. Hayat uni-marburg.de Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Peter Grandics Union, NJ 07083 A-D Research Foundation, 5922 E-mail: [email protected] Farnsworth Ct., Carlsbad, Rui Henrique CA 92008 Department of Pathology, Portugese E-mail: [email protected] Oncology Institute – Porto, Rua Cesare Gridelli Dr. Antonio, Bernardino de Almeida, Division of Medical Oncology, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal S.G. Moscati Hospital, Contreds Kenzo Hiroshima Amorette, 83100 Avellino, Kenzo Hiroshima, Department of Italy Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate E-mail: [email protected] School of Medicine, Chiba University, Olli H.J. Grohn 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Department of Biochemistry, Japan University of Cambridge, Old E-mail: [email protected] Addenbrookes Site, 80 Tennis Court Angelique Holland Road, CB2 1GA Cambridge, Department of Internal Medicine, United Kingdom Philipps-University Marburg, S.J. Gwyther Baldingerstraße, D-35033 Marburg, East Surrey Healthcare NHS Trust, Germany Redhill, Canda Avenue, Surrey, John P. Jakupciak United Kingdom National Institute of Standards and E-mail: [email protected] Technology, Biochemical Science Uwe Haberkorn Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Samer Kalakish Medicine,German Cancer Research Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Forest University, School of Medicine, FRG-69120 Heidelberg, Germany Winston Salem, NC 27157 Kamal Haider E-mail: [email protected] Saskatoon Cancer Center, University of Saskatchewan, 20 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 4H4 x Authors and Co-Authors of Volume 2 Mikko I. Kettunen Bartomeu Massutí Department of Biochemistry, University Thoracic Surgery, Hospital de La Ribera, of Cambridge, Old Addenbrookes Alzira, Valencia, Spain Site, 80 Tennis Court Road, CB2 1GA Luca Moscetti Cambridge, United Kingdom Medical Oncology Department, E-mail: [email protected] Centreal Hospital of Outcome, Research Katsuyuki Kiura Network for Evaluation of Treatment, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Results in Oncology, Belcolle-ASL di Okayama University Hospital, Graduate Viterbo, Strada Sammartinese snc, School of Medicine, Okayama 01100 Viterbo, Italy 700-8558, Japan E-mail: [email protected] Shan Lu Fabrizio Nelli Department of Pathology, University of Medical Oncology Department, Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Centreal Hospital of Outcome, Research Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Network for Evaluation of Treatment, OH 45267 Results in Oncology, Belcolle-ASL di E-mail: [email protected] Viterbo, Strada Sammartinese snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy Charles M. Ludgate Radiation Oncology Program, Brad H. Nelson BC Cancer Agency - Vancouver Island Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, Centre, 2410 Lee Ave., Victoria, BC Cancer Agency – Vancouver Island BC, Canada, V8R 6V5 Centre, 2410 Lee Ave., Victoria, BC, Canada, V8R 6V5 Edmond S.K. Ma E-mail: [email protected] Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Cancer Nancy J. Nesslinger Genetics Center, Hong Kong Sanatorium Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, and Hospital, 2 Village Road, Happy BC Cancer Agency – Vancouver Island Valley, Hong Kong Centre, 2410 Lee Ave., Victoria, BC, E-mail: [email protected] Canada, V8R 6V5 Paolo Maione Hiroaki Nomori Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, S.G. Moscati Hospital, Contreds Graduate School of Medicine, Amorette, 83100 Avellino, Italy Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Stephen Man Japan Department of Medical Biochemistry E-mail: [email protected] and Immunology, Health Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, U.K