ebook img

Gene Drives on the Horizon PDF

215 Pages·2016·7.97 MB·English
by  
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Gene Drives on the Horizon

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://www.nap.edu/23405 SHARE û ù Ą  Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values DETAILS 214 pages | 7 x 10 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-43787-5 | DOI: 10.17226/23405 AUTHORS BUY THIS BOOK Committee on Gene Drive Research in Non-Human Organisms: Recommendations for Responsible Conduct; Board on Life Sciences; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Academies of Sciences, FIND RELATED TITLES Engineering, and Medicine Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports  – 10% off the price of print titles  – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests  – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values PREPUBLICATION COPY Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values Committee on Gene Drive Research in Non-Human Organisms: Recommendations for Responsible Conduct Board on Life Sciences Division on Earth and Life Studies Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This activity was supported by Contract No. 10002551/10002584 with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services/NIH, Contract No. 040815 with the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Inc. (FNIH). The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided funding to NIH and FNIH, respectively, in support of this study. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or rec- ommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. The activities received additional support from the National Academy of Sciences Biology Fund. Digital Object Identifier: 10.17226/23405 Additional copies of this report are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2016 by the National Academies of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Cover design by Claire Ballweg. Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23405. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and tech- nology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The Academies also encourage education and re- search, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.national- academies.org. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values COMMITTEE ON GENE DRIVE RESEARCH IN NON-HUMAN ORGANISMS: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT Co-Chairs JAMES P. COLLINS, Arizona State University ELIZABETH HEITMAN, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Members NICOLE L. ACHEE, University of Notre Dame 1 VICKI CHANDLER, NAS, Minerva Schools at Keck Graduate Institute JASON A. DELBORNE, North Carolina State University BRANDON S. GAUT, Professor, University of California, Irvine STEPHEN HIGGS, Kansas State University GREGORY E. KAEBNICK, The Hastings Center ANN KINGIRI, African Centre for Technology Studies WAYNE LANDIS, Western Washington University 1 LYNN RIDDIFORD, NAS, Howard Hughes Medical Institute JOYCE TAIT, University of Edinburgh LISA A. TANEYHILL, University of Maryland JOSEPH TRAVIS, Florida State University PAUL E. TURNER, Yale University DAVID E. WINICKOFF, University of California, Berkeley, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris Project Staff KEEGAN SAWYER, Project Director AUDREY THÉVENON, Associate Program Officer ROBIN MILLER, Christine Mirzayan Science and Technology Policy Graduate Fellow (until April 2016) FRANCES SHARPLES, Director, Board on Life Sciences ANGELA KOLESNIKOVA, Administrative Assistant ANNE FRANCES JOHNSON, Editor                                                              1 National Academy of Sciences. Prepublication Copy v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values BOARD ON LIFE SCIENCES Chair JAMES P. COLLINS, Arizona State University Members ENRIQUETA C. BOND, Burroughs Wellcome Fund ROGER D. CONE, Vanderbilt University NANCY D. CONNELL, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School JOSEPH R. ECKER, Salk Institute for Biological Studies SARAH C.R. ELGIN, Washington University, St. Louis LINDA G. GRIFFITH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ELIZABETH HEITMAN, Vanderbilt University Medical Center RICHARD A. JOHNSON, Global Helix LLC JUDITH KIMBLE, University of Wisconsin, Madison MARY E. MAXON, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory JILL P. MESIROV, University of California, San Diego KAREN E. NELSON, J. Craig Venter Institute CLAIRE POMEROY,Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation MARY E. POWER, University of California, Berkeley MARGARET RILEY, University of Massachusetts, Amherst LANA SKIRBOLL, Sanofi JANIS WEEKS, University of Oregon Staff FRANCES SHARPLES, Director KATIE BOWMAN, Senior Program Officer JO HUSBANDS, Senior Scholar JAY LABOV, Senior Scholar KEEGAN SAWYER, Program Officer MARILEE SHELTON-DAVENPORT, Senior Program Officer AUDREY THÉVENON, Associate Program Officer BETHELHEM MEKASHA, Financial Associate JENNA OGILVIE, Research Associate ANGELA KOLESNIKOVA, Administrative Assistant AANIKA SENN, Senior Program Assistant vi Prepublication Copy Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values Preface Historians of science and engineering illuminate how discoveries related to theory, observation, and technology change our understanding of the natural world and the ways in which we interact with the organ- isms around us. Occasionally, the pace of discovery in a particular research area is so rapid it is impossible to miss. If the current pace of change in general genetics is thrilling, the pace of change in gene drive re- search is breathtaking. Not surprisingly, the depth, breadth, and practical implications of scientific advances in gene drive research are simultaneously raising many challenges at the interface of science and society. The National Institutes of Health and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health asked the Board on Life Sciences of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a consensus committee to summarize current understanding of the scientific discoveries related to gene drives and their accompanying ethical, legal, and social implications. This report reflects the committee’s consensus conclusions regarding the state of the science and ex- pectations for responsible research. The committee’s analyses are based on reviews of the multidisciplinary literature, interviews of experts, and presentations from natural and social scientists working at the leading edges of research on gene drives and related technologies. Appropriate for such a task, the committee’s 16 members have diverse interdisciplinary expertise and a range of backgrounds across the natural and social sciences, ethics, and the law. The committee often had to re-examine fundamental aspects of genetics, popu- lation biology, probability, public policy, and the law in order to understand the full scope of gene drive re- search and its effects. To ensure that the audience has a common understanding of the scientific, social, and regulatory knowledge essential to responsible research with gene drives, the report also outlines some of these fundamentals before moving to the complex picture we ultimately describe. This report would not have been possible without the exceptional contributions of the Academies staff members: Keegan Sawyer, Audrey Thévenon, Robin Miller, Nancy Huddleston, and Frances Sharples. An- gela Kolesnikova provided the committee with outstanding logistical support. We acknowledge gratefully all of their efforts. A special thanks goes out to our colleagues on the committee for their thoughtful review and analysis of an enormous amount of information some of which changed on a daily or weekly basis as new discover- ies were made. It was an honor to work with all of them. James P. Collins, Co-Chair Elizabeth Heitman, Co-Chair Committee on Gene Drive Research in Non-Human Organisms: Recommendations for Responsible Conduct Prepublication Copy vii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values   Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values   Acknowledgment of Reviewers This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Austin Burt, Imperial College R. Alta Charo, University of Wisconsin-Madison Roger D. Cone, Vanderbilt University Rebecca A. Efroymson, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Fred Gould, North Carolina State University Anthony A. James, University of California, Irvine Calestous Juma, Harvard University James Lavery, St. Michael’s Hospital and University of Toronto Morven A. McLean, International Life Sciences Institute Research Foundation Stephen S. Morse, Columbia University Robert D. Newman, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sarah P. Otto, University of British Columbia Kenneth Oye, Massachusettes Institute of Technology Ronald Sandler, Northeastern University Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the report’s conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before the release. The review of this report was overseen by Stephen Barthold, Uni- versity of California, Davis, and Barbara Hansen, University of South Florida. They were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institu- tional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution. Prepublication Copy ix Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.