GENDERSOCIALIZATIONANDPERCEPTIONSOFFAMILYFUNCTIONING DIANEESTRADA ATHDEISUSNEIORVFTEATRTHSIEOINTRYEPDQROOUEFCISTRFEOELNRMTOEERONDIFTDTPSAOHFITIOLNHROEPSTAGOHRRPETHAIDYDAEULGARFTEUEELSFOCIFHLOLOMLENOTF UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDA ACKNOWLEDGMENTS whohavesupportedandencouragedmethroughtheacademicprocess, SDhre.rrSairldv,ioChRaaifru;is,Dr.WEiltlheonutAmtahleeiar:guDird.anHceo,wartdhe-Hacmomipllteotni,onDro.fDtahviisdprMoijlelcetr;woaundld hMDCeoaybuvbneissepeo,ellcIoiwrLaawilyosEasud.tluhdceaSannhtckeeirsosopruenyrgc,aoigfaCeoltardloryltoamhlsneyi,dikreadgnehtudaeoirldpPteafhdrnaaiinneckdmn,desms.auyntpLdopeofsrtrrltoiee.eymn.tadhisenMMeywsgtchaaoofenn,ft.neerifcnnWrtaaoletymdhnegerna.aeDntaedirNptauaapndrrenctodymd.egunocfteatDrsia,vovefet.o. theirunconditionalandempoweringsupportatsomeofthemostdifficult Tedwhohasallowedmetoexperienceatruepartnership.Finally.Iwouldlike materialized. TABLEOFCONTENTS 4455 47 50 I 61 61 s i 70 72 75 GENDERSOCIALIZATIONANDPERCEPTIONSOFFAMILYFUNCTIONING dvmwfmiadiaaaanibafrrrmdflsfiiiifieetetcelraadaryaletlteonencbdcsccceyeioposogsrhnntneeffheidsiiaidfbinigtgiuycoucuctnrarait.anadtmhtteitiaeiadioroleoindanHtnavilalaolflrwefosivfeenilaearvcegblmeovneslinpenierlcleff,.yeroiiccfogeaucfiwinronfThvcahaeheeetemdmdeisniuaroilccrneoyaoiacnttuno.ailodnwalodtndenraraiopcTedlntlpoehaolenaebirflnlirncioelgelegvioiluetnevlrysfwgvea.ioeeetgdrlrbrniseiyofeanHbidnsoonecmudfawoacnermatfifvitesotadieaiuameoggrnlnainne,sdllain.ylfcditoolechennrclaevfoenTeivhthldgieegsiiudlsefsgesrinfa,eaodoletnneffrid.trieoehlnnnfreecdaeveifmeTsnwfilhgeaslecsbytryoef adaptability. hemdiaurgichtaeatrlioiitncnaoclwniafdsielgneuvccereloantcoiwolfanusdperudepadoitncchtaoitninfdgeogauelinndddeiefanarlmgiislncvyoarriecinaotbehflreaaesmciitoliwnoyh.neanwdiaTptmhtheiaasbseildusiurttciyuan.dtgyionthAhileglsheolve,eiflgfhetchteasddotafhe effectsoflevelofeducationonperceptionsoffamilyfunctioning. INCTHRAOPDTUCETRIION rmMAenaccdiGoenogrtlnsedionrtnaii.ncockne,&tp1hWr9eao8ylv9si;dhee.aHrrasnr1e9i-8cnM9so)uim.sdeteisntT.hhfeer1so9hem8o8mr;otelheLesie(rvBaaurnrwetcokrs&ko&ciPaaolsSllplyeacceaskdra.,engcit11vi99eo99rn55se;;daMCacnanGdrdotlerdriermli&pacotkis,oendshiopn st1hy9e8m8m)ed.itfrfiecHraeolnwceeavsnedri,neqtiuhnievcraeolmeeinstpoointnenitpniohawlereerbnett(Cwiaenreetqneuralmie&tnyMoacfnGdoldpwrooiwmceekrn.:w1h9i8c"9hT;hedHearriev-esMusftrionm. bWtibtoehanoecscmaefoudeamlsmenaeirdlgipyedifolrofteiedrnnsnoettooeniectarscilaeaclhntaioiivntnocenostndi?hittnirehscexecottMcmpluoeyolirtwneuepfarlrrneuosdepdmen(ucceHcpieaneofriweceiih-annraMldcluviyosevi,mlineidfbhn"ule.aouclewa(nuH1cs9afed8erao8eme)-tips.MhloeuywstethmHimreeneoa,mwiinbsniee1nqddr9ugeos8arc8'lis,iavtnepyptdde.hriocsf4vfe0rap)oglt.pemuioneodwneegrri-ovfeinn s(dioHfafrmeera-eMnnuycsetsidni.fafrecr1e9on8bc8es)s.c,uraensddu,chpaocawcseorrdcio(nnGvgoelrdtsnoaetriG.oinla1ll9ig8a8sn)tyla(er1e99(3To)ab,nsnceuwnro.edm.e1n990Wa)hr,eenirnecnodmeered communityisexaggerated.Evenwhengenderdifferencesareacknowledged. f1a9m8i9)l.ythTehoirsieso,misfsamiiolnyunadsesrecsustmsentt,heacnldarictlyinaicnadlepfrfaicctaiccyeo(fCatrhteersy&steMmciGcoladnrdick. "fdunocutbiloenindge.scripItniont"histhsattudBy,atetshoenw(r1i9te7r9)wialflfirbmreedakastheessseinlteinacle fAanmdielrysonl,ife&whWiaclhsh.fem1i9n8i9s:tWaflatmeirlsy.tChaerrtaepri.stsPap(pG.ol&dnerSi.lve1r9s8t8ei:n.Mc1G9o8l8d)ripcekr.ceiveas asJessWehyBerinsaritdso(19d7if2f)icuolbtsetroveadc,kntohwaltedwgiethtinwoevvoeircyesmainrrimaagreriatgweo?maWreriakgneosw, tKffiSKS.. cfc(ouoGnnnonctoetidcinrotuineicisohn.ng"to19f(9aGbm1ieil;lliisMgeicaslnGe,ontlchde1rrd9ii8vc4eik.n,wpthA.henend3e2tr)th.sheoeonsr.eyPr&ovadonuidWccaetlsipsvrheaa.crtemi1ac9reh8re9ioa;arfgdeW,fsaalmtyaieenrltdsy.thftCeuhalerlrtyfaeerpm.yalPeoppv.oic&e Silverstcin.1988). ScopeofthProblem twoahfnheictihhhneudimWivfahniehindimulbaaeillltiesftefhoveaccoyuifcscfilueelell,bdiynfiotaaffmtahitmafleisaynlmdyiitvlnoyigeoexwtptoheoferotirfeteanhnpecydepe.srveyoemsmlbtoorAetpalmemctdeehonsoftuagathsbhiysenytghsefuetalremaamfirsiiliceynpl,gdaetcrtfhoihaaalemsroicglhisytacirlagalntnibhsfievciariecsaenapdywn'ecsdeof "singularbias"hasignoredtheimportanceofgenderasastructural Walsh.1989).Duringthe1980s.severalwell-knownfemalefamilytherapists (OlgaSilverstcin.BettyCarter,PeggyPapp,MarianneWalters.Virginia p1a9t7r6i)arcGhhaoavllednpesrrielse(un1mc9ep8dt8i)ownodmeoesfcnrieabqneuddalhmaopdowewe"rtwheelalmn-dmienacvnioisminbgml"oentwhheeerxanppeirstithesenyc(eem.ga.ak.meoHnatglheey. Cofarrregteaenrif.zoirPnmaguplpap.triionancnidpalseSisloevfxeirsskttncoiawnnlde(d1ga9e8r8g)uaendrdejtechcuatltetdutrhete"hef(aGilodsleedanceoorfn,ceajI gender-free