Gender in Climate-Smart Agriculture. Module 18 for the Gender in Agriculture Sourcebook

96 Pages·2015·4.22 MB·English

A g r i c u l t u r e gl o b Al P rA c t i c e
Gender in Climate-
Smart Agriculture
Module 18 for the Gender in AGriculture Sourcebook

Gender in
Climate-Smart
Agriculture
Module 18 for the Gender
in Agriculture Sourcebook
Published by the World Bank Group and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International
Fund for Agricultural Development
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Cover images from left to right: Charlotte Kesl, Scott Wallace, Simone D. McCourtie, Arne Hoel, Khasar Sandag, and Allison
Kwesell—all of the World Bank.
Background cover image: Sthaporn Kamlangha/Shutterstock, LLC.
Contents
Acknowledgments v
Acronyms and Abbreviations vii
Module 18 Gender in Climate-smart Agriculture 1
Module 18 Overview 2
Thematic Note 1 The Role of Innovative Technologies for Gender-Responsive CSA 16
Thematic Note 2 Gender-Responsive, Climate-Smart Landscape Approaches 24
Thematic Note 3 Monitoring and Evaluating Gender Through the CSA Project Cycle 31
Thematic Note 4 Household and Community-Driven Development 41
Thematic Note 5 The Role of Institutions for Gender-Responsive CSA 52
Innovative Activity Profile 1 Harnessing Information and Communication Technology for Gender-Responsive CSA 66
Innovative Activity Profile 2 Using Impact Investment to Promote Gender Equality and CSA 74
Innovative Activity Profile 3 CSA for Fisheries: The Fao-Thiaroye Fish Processing Technique 80
BoXes
18.1 Examples of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices 3
18.2 Gender-Equitable, Decent Work in the Rural Green Economy and Climate-Smart Agriculture 4
18.3 Women’s Adoption of Transformational Changes in Agricultural Practices: Evidence
from Bangladesh, Kenya, Senegal, and Uganda 6
18.4 Increasing Rural Women’s Income through Climate-Smart Agriculture in Western Kenya 7
18.5 Regional and Global Policy Initiatives That Support CSA 12
18.6 Safe Access to Fuel and Energy in Darfur 18
18.7 Small-Scale Mechanization in Conservation Agriculture: Who Benefits? 19
18.8 Water Harvesting or Recycling Systems for Women’s Home Gardens 21
18.9 Examples of Tree-Based Landscape Initiatives 25
18.10 Steps in Implementing a Gender-Responsive Landscape Approach in Projects 26
18.11 Analytical Consideration for Developing Indicators 35
18.12 Moving Beyond Sex-Disaggregated Data at the Household Level:
Measuring Plot Managers’ Agricultural Productivity 35
18.13 Describing and Classifying Men’s and Women’s Multiple Roles in the Community 42
18.14 Community-Driven Development, Resilience, and Gender in Land Rights 42
18.15 A Toolkit for Analyzing Differences in Men’s and Women’s Assets in Relation
to Individual Rights and Household Roles 43
18.16 Community-Driven Development and Household Methodologies
in India’s National Rural Livelihoods Mission 44
iiiiii
18.17 GALS in the Rehabilitation and Community-Based Poverty Reduction Project, Sierra Leone 47
18.18 FAo’s Socio-economic and Gender Analysis Approach 49
18.19 Using Climate Science and Community-Based Approaches to Enhance
Women’s Yields and Land Holdings 49
18.20 The R4 Rural Resilience Initiative–Impacts on Gender 57
18.21 Gender-Sensitive Social Protection and Climate-Smart Agriculture 58
18.22 The Climate Change and Gender Action Plan for Bangladesh 59
18.23 Principles for Successfully Delivering Information to Farmers 67
18.24 Interactive Radio for Delivering Climate Services 69
18.25 Using Tablets to Reach Women with Plant Health Advice 69
18.26 Agricultural Advice through M-Kilimo in Kenya 71
18.27 The Calvert Foundation and Clean Energy Technologies for Women 76
18.28 Village Capital’s Impact Investment Model 77
18.29 Plan Vivo: Payment for Ecosystem Services through a Voluntary Carbon
Sequestration Scheme in Uganda 78
18.30 The Success Story of Women Fish Processors in Côte d’Ivoire 82
FIGURes
18.1 Conceptual Framework for Enhancing Gender and Social Equity
in Nutrition- and Climate-Smart Agriculture 6
18.2 Components of a Climate-Smart Landscape 25
18.3 An Improved Smoking Kiln: The Thiaroye Fish Smoking Technology 81
tABLes
18.1 Potential Gender Considerations of Various CSA Practices 9
18.2 Frameworks, Tools, and Approaches for Collecting Sex-Disaggregated Data
and Gender Analysis in Relation to Climate-Smart Agriculture 11
18.3 Major Intervention Areas and Associated options for Policy and Institutions
to Catalyze Gender-Responsive, Climate-Smart Landscape Actions 29
18.4 objectives and Information Needs for Three Types of Analyses Pertinent
to Designing Gender-Responsive CSA Projects 32
18.5 Checklist for Setting Up a Monitoring and Evaluation System at the Formulation Phase 33
18.6 Checklist for Monitoring and Evaluation at the Implementation Phase 33
18.7 Checklist for Monitoring and Evaluation at Mid-term and during the Final Evaluation Phase 34
18.8 Indicator Index Card: Example of a Tailored Indicator for Gender in CSA
for a Research Component of an Agricultural Productivity Project 36
18.9 Example of a Results Chain for an Agricultural Project with a Focus on Gender in CSA 37
18.10 Sample Indicators for Measuring Results in an Agricultural Project with a Focus
on Gender in CSA 38
iv CoNTENTS
ACknowLedGMents
This Gender in Climate-Smart Agriculture module was pre- The team would like to thank the reviewers for their
pared jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization excellent, substantive comments, suggestions, and contri-
(FAO), International Fund for Agricultural Development butions: Jacqueline Alder (FAO), Salomon Asfaw (FAO),
(IFAD), and the World Bank. The coordination team con- Tobias Baedeker (World Bank), Joshi Bharati (CARE),
sisted of Sanna-Liisa Taivalmaa (World Bank), Ilaria Fir- Ademola Braimoh (World Bank), Lynn Brown (consult-
mian (IFAD), and Kaisa Karttunen (FAO), with technical ant), Diji Chandrasekharan Behr (World Bank), Todd Crane
support from Christine Heumesser, Eija Pehu, and Ademola (International Livestock Research Institute [ILRI]), Karl
Braimoh from the World Bank; Clare Bishop-Sambrook Deering (CARE), Estibalitz Morras Dimas (IFAD), Ilaria
from IFAD; and Ilaria Sisto and Szilvia Lehel from FAO. Patti Firmian (IFAD), Natasha Hayward (World Bank), Christine
Kristjanson (consultant) offered valuable guidance for the Heumesser (World Bank), Ileana Grandelis (FAO), Flavia
entire module in addition to writing two Thematic Notes Grassi (FAO), Emily Hillenbrand (CARE), Kaisa Karttunen
and one Innovative Activity Profile. (FAO), Heather Mae Kipnis (International Finance Corpo-
The preparation of the module involved many individu- ration [IFC]), Mimako Kobayashi (World Bank), Patti Krist-
als within the three organizations and other development janson (World Agroforestry Centre [ICRAF]), K anchan
agencies. The team is extremely grateful to all authors and Lama (Women Organizing for Change in Agriculture and
coauthors: Solomon Asfaw (FAO), Clare Bishop-Sambrook Natural Resource Management [WOCAN]), Szilvia Lehel
(IFAD), Yvette Diei (FAO), Ilaria Firmian (IFAD), Norbert (World Bank), Leslie Lipper (FAO), Federica Matteoli
Henninger (World Resources Institute [WRI]), Christine (FAO), Carmen Neithammer (IFC), Sibyl Nelson (FAO),
Heumesser (World Bank), Sophia Huyer (CGIAR Research Maria Nuutinen (FAO), Eija Pehu (World Bank), Leisa
Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Secu- Perch (United Nations Development Programme [UNDP]),
rity [CCAFS]), Patti Kristjanson (consultant), Corina Lefter Alejandra Safa (FAO), Sarah Scherr (EcoAgriculture),
(FAO), Szilvia Lehel (FAO), Yufei Li (IFAD), Giuseppe Virginia Seiz (consultant), Ilaria Sisto (FAO), Anita Spring
Maggio (FAO), Azzurra Massimino (World Food Program (University of Florida), Libor Stloukal (FAO), Sanna-Liisa
[WFP]), Ingrid Mollard (consultant), Christiane Monsieur Taivalmaa (World Bank), David Treguer (World Bank), and
(FAO), Morgan C. Mutoko (consultant), Julia Navarro Marialena Vyzaki (World Bank).
(World Bank), Sibyl Nelson (FAO), Monica Percic (FAO), Technical edits from Kelly Cassaday (consultant)
Aina Randrianantoandro (FAO), Janie Rioux (FAO), Natalia improved the readability and sharpened the key mes-
Winder Rossi (FAO), Andrea Sanchez Enciso (FAO), Lar- sages substantially. James T. Cantrell provided invaluable
issa Setaro (IFAD), Sanna-Liisa Taivalmaa (World Bank), guidance and support throughout the preparation of the
Andreas Thulstrup (FAO), and Leon Williams (IFAD). module.
v

ACRonYMs And ABBReVIA tIons
CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme
CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere
CCAFS Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (program of the CGIAR)
CCGAP Climate Change and Gender Action Plan (Bangladesh)
CDD Community-driven development
CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
CO Carbon dioxide
2
COP21 21st session of the Conference of the Parties
CSA Climate-smart agriculture
CSO Civil society organization
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FFS Farmer Field School
FHH Female-headed household
FTT Thiaroye Fish Smoking Technology
GAAP Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project
GACSA Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture
GALS Gender Action Learning System
GCF Green Climate Fund
GEF Global Environment Facility
GHG Greenhouse gas
HHMs Household Methodologies
IAP Innovative Activity Profile
ICRAF World Agroforestry Centre
ICT Information and communication technology
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC International Finance Corporation
IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute
IGWDP Indo-German Watershed Development Program
ILO International Labour Organization
ILRI International Livestock Research Institute
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
JFFLS Junior Farmer Field and Life School
vii
KACP Kenya Agricultural Carbon Project
M&E Monitoring and evaluation
MCC Millenium Challenge Corporation
MICCA Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture Programme of FAO
NAPA National Adaptation Programs of Action
NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development
NGO Nongovernmental organization
PAH Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
PSP Participatory scenario planning
REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
SAFE Safe Access to Fuel and Energy
SDG Sustainable development goal
SEAGA Socio-economic and Gender Analysis
TN Thematic Note
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNEP United Nations Environment Progamme
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
USAID United Sates Agency for International Development
VSLA Village savings and loan association
WBG World Bank Group
WEAI Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index
WEMAN Women’s Empowerment Mainstreaming and Networking
WFP World Food Program
WOCAN Women Organizing for Change in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management
WOTR Watershed Organization Trust
WRI World Resources Institute
Currency is in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted.
viii ACRoNYMS AND ABBREVIATIoNS