Gender Equality and American Jews

398 Pages·1996·35.489 MB·English

by  Moshe Hartman, Harriet Hartman

GENDER EQUALITY
AND
AMERICAN JEWS
SUNY Series in American Jewish Society in the 1990s
Barry A. Kosmin and Sidney Goldstein, Editors
GENDER EQUALITY
AND
AMERICAN JEWS
MOSHE HARTMAN
and
HARRIET HARTMAN
State University
of New York
Press
Dedicated to our 4 children
Niv, Raz, Liat, and Maya.
Published by
State University of New York Press, Albany
© 1996 State University of New York
All rights reserved
Production by Susan Geraghty
Marketing by Theresa Abad Swierzowski
Printed in the United States of America
No part of this book may be used or reproduced
in any manner whatsoever without written permission.
No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means
including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise
without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.
For information, address State University of New York
Press, State University Plaza, Albany, N.Y., 12246
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hartman, Moshe, 1936-
Gender equality and American Jews / Moshe Hartman and Harriet
Hartman.
p. cm. - (SUNY series in American Jewish society in the
1990s)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7914-3051-0 (hc : alk. paper). - ISBN 0-7914-3052-9 (pb:
alk. paper)
1. Jews-United States-Social conditions. 2. Sex role-United
States. 3. Sexual division of labor-United States. I. Hartman,
Harriet. II. Title. III. Series.
E184.J5H345 1995
305.892'4073-dc20 95-45948
CIP
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
List of Tables Vt1
List of Figures xv
Acknowledgments xix
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
PART 1 Gendered Patterns of Secular Achievement
Among American Jews 21
Chapter 2 Education: Gatekeeper to
Gender Equality in the Economy 23
Chapter 3 The Labor Force Participation
of American Jewish Men and Women 61
Chapter 4 Occupational Achievement
of American Jewish Men and Women 115
Chapter 5 Gender Equality Within Jewish Couples 165
PART 2 Are We One? The Jewishness
of the Gendered Patterns of Secular Achievement 195
Chapter 6 Are We One? How Jewish Involvement
Is Related to Gendered Patterns of Secular Achievement 197
Chapter 7 Are We One? Gendered Patterns of
Secular Achievement Among Israeli and American Jews 249
Chapter 8 Conclusions 289
v
VI GENDER EQUALITY AND AMERICAN JEWS
APPENDIXES 299
Appendix I The Methodology of the 1990 jewish National
Population Survey, by joseph Walesberg 301
Appendix II jewishness Factors 323
Appendix III Methods of Analysis 327
Appendix IV Profile of Israeli Society 329
Notes 337
Bibliography 351
Name Index 365
Subject Index 369
LIST OF TABLES
2.1 Years of Education, by Sex, U.S. Jewish and Total White
Population, 18 and over and 25 and over, 1990 31
2.2 Highest Academic Degree, by Sex, U.S. Jewish and Total
White Population, 18 Years and over, 1990 33
2.3 Graduate Degrees Earned, by Sex, U.S. Jews 25 and over,
1990 35
2.4 Mean Years of Education for an Academic Degree, by
Sex, U.S. Jews 25 and over, 1990 36
2.5 Mean Years of Education, by Sex and Age, U.S. Jewish
and Total White Population, 1990 39
2.6 Highest Academic Degree, by Sex and Age, U.S. Jews,
1990 42
2.7 Percent of Women of Total U.S. Jews in Each Age and
Degree Group, 1990 43
2.8 Percent with Four Years of College, by Marital Status
and Sex, U.S. Jewish and Total White Population, 25 and
over, 1990 46
2.9 Multiple Regression Analysis of Years of Education on
Sex, Age, and Marital Status, U.S. Jews, 25 and over,
1990 47
2.10 Multiple Regression Analysis of Years of Education on
Age and Age at Marriage, U.S. Jews, 25 and over, 1990 49
2.11 Years of Education by Age at Marriage and Sex, U.S.
Married Jews, 1990 50
2.12 Multiple Regression of Years of Education on Age at
Marriage, Age at Birth of First Child, and Age, U.S.
Married Jewish Women, 25 and over, 1990 52
2.13 Age at Birth of First Child, by Highest Academic Degree,
U.S. Married Jewish Women, 25 and Over, 1990 53
VII