Gender and Physical Education Gender and Physical Education offers a critical and comprehensive commentary on issues relating to gender in the context of physical education in schools and in teacher training. The book challenges our understandings of gender, equity and identity in physical education, establishing a conceptual and historical foundation for the issue, as well as presenting a wealth of original research material. The book delivers a critical analysis of the progress and shortcomings of contemporary policies and practice in physical education as they relate to gender, and reflects on the similarities and differences between developments in the UK, US and Australia. It also offers new frameworks for research, policy and practice with a view to advancing gender equity, and addresses the roles that teachers, educators and policy-makers can play in challenging existing inequalities. Gender and Physical Education is an important text for students and lecturers in education, teacher educators and providers of continuing professional development in physical education, and anybody concerned with gender issues in education, physical education or sport. Dawn Penney is Senior Research Fellow at the Department of Physical Education, Sports Science and Recreation Management at the University of Loughborough. She is co-author of Politics, Policy and Practice in Physical Education (also published by Routledge). Gender and Physical Education Contemporary issues and future directions Edited by Dawn Penney London and New York First published 2002 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 3EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. © 2002 Dawn Penney for selection and editorial matter; individual contributors for their contribution All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Gender and physical education: contemporary issues and future directions/edited by Dawn Penney. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Physical education and training—Social aspects. 2. Sexism in education. 3. Gender identity in education. I. Penney, Dawn, 1966– GV342.27 .G46 2002 613.7'071–dc21 2001048673 ISBN 0-203-46888-0 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-77712-3 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-23576-6 (pbk) ISBN 0-415-23575-8 (hbk) Contents List of contributors vii Preface xi PART I Setting the agenda 1 1 Introduction 3 JOHN EVANS AND DAWN PENNEY 2 Talking gender 13 DAWN PENNEY AND JOHN EVANS 3 Physical education: a gendered history 24 DAVID KIRK PART II Gender agendas 39 4 Difference matters: sexuality and physical education 41 GILL CLARKE 5 Muslim women in teacher training: issues of gender, ‘race’ and religion 57 TANSIN BENN 6 Gender positioning as pedagogical practice in teaching physical education 80 DAVID BROWN AND EMMA RICH v vi Contents PART III Gender and physical education: policies and practice 101 7 Gendered policies 103 DAWN PENNEY 8 Gender, health and physical education 123 JO HARRIS AND DAWN PENNEY 9 Understanding girls’ experience of physical education: relational analysis and situated learning 146 ANNE WILLIAMS AND JULIE BEDWARD PART IV Extending gender agendas in physical education 161 10 Gender equity and physical education: a USA perspective 163 MARY O’SULLIVAN, KIM BUSH AND MARGARET GEHRING 11 Physical education teacher education: sites of progress or resistance 190 JAN WRIGHT 12 Extending agendas: physical culture research for the twenty-first century 208 DOUNE MACDONALD Index 223 Contributors Julie Bedward is a qualitative researcher who has conducted several major studies as a Research Fellow at the University of Birmingham since 1987. She is currently working on a number of projects in the School of Education, including a study of gender differences in learning. Tansin Benn is a Senior Lecturer at the University of Birmingham. She is head of the Physical Education, Sports Studies and Dance Department. Her teaching and research interests cross arts, sport and teaching boundaries. David Brown was formerly a teacher of physical education and French. David then became a lecturer in physical education with the Department of Physical Education, Sports Science and Recreation Management of Loughborough University. He is currently a lecturer in the School of Postgraduate Medicine and Health Sciences in the Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences at Exeter University. Kim Bush is a doctoral candidate in sport pedagogy at Ohio State University. She is a former collegiate field hockey player and coach. Her research interests relate to feminist approaches to understanding urban adolescent girls and empowering them in relation to issues surrounding physical activity, sport and their bodies. Gill Clarke is a Senior Lecturer in physical education and autobiographical studies in the Research and Graduate School of Education at the University of Southampton. Gill is also deputy director of the Centre for Biography and Education at the University of Southampton. Gill has published widely on issues around sexuality, physical education and sport. John Evans is Professor of Physical Education in the Department of Physical Education, Sports Science and Recreation Management at Loughborough University. He is author of Teaching in Transition: the Challenge of Mixed Ability Grouping and editor of PE, Sport and Schooling: Studies in the Sociology of PE; Teachers, Teaching and Control; and Equality, Education and Physical Education (all by Falmer Press). John is editor of the vii viii Contributors international journal, Sport Education and Society. His research interests centre on the study of policy, teaching and equity issues in the secondary school curriculum. Margaret Gehring is a faculty member at Ohio Weslyean College and a doctoral candidate in sport pedagogy at Ohio State University. She is a former collegiate cross country runner and coach. Her research interests are in using feminist perspectives to study female coaches in American collegiate ranks. Jo Harris is currently Director of the Physical Education teacher education programmes at Loughborough University, where she also contributes to masters degree programmes in physical education. Jo taught for twelve years in state secondary schools and has twelve years’ experience of teacher education. Jo gained her PhD in 1997 and has published articles in academic and professional journals, produced numerous teaching resources and directed many in-service training courses for both primary and secondary school teachers. Jo has a particular interest in physical education’s contribution to health and associated issues relating to personal and social education, citizenship, inclusion and lifelong learning. David Kirk joined Loughborough University in November 1998. He is currently Professor of Physical Education and Sport. His research interests include young people in sport, curriculum change in physical education, the body, schooling and culture, and situated learning in physical education and sport. His most recent book is Schooling Bodies, published in 1998 by Leicester University Press. Doune Macdonald is a Reader in the School of Human Movement Studies, the University of Queensland. She coordinates the health and physical education teacher education programme and her current research interests include HPE curriculum construction and change, teachers’ work, and young people and physical activity. Mary O’Sullivan is an Associate Dean in the College of Education at Ohio State University. Her research interests are in teaching and teacher education reform. She teaches graduate classes in supervision, educational reform, curriculum and instruction in secondary physical education and an undergraduate class in social issues in physical education and sport. She is a former collegiate field hockey player and likes to travel, read and play golf. Dawn Penney is a Senior Research Fellow at the Department of Physical Education, Sports Science and Recreation Management at Loughborough University. Dawn has previously held research positions at the University of Southampton, the University of Queensland and De Montfort University, and is the reviews editor for Sport, Education and Society. Contributors ix Since 1990 Dawn has been researching contemporary policy and curriculum developments in physical education and has published widely in academic and professional journals. She is co-author with John Evans of Politics, Policy and Practice in Physical Education (1999, E&FN Spon, an imprint of Routledge). Emma Rich graduated from the Department of Physical Education, Sports Science and Recreation Management at Loughborough University with a first class Honours in Recreation Management in 1998. She was awarded a research scholarship at Loughborough where she is investigating the social (re)construction of gender in teaching physical education. Emma is also a member of Women in Sport Regional Advisory committee for the Sports Council. Emma is now a lecturer in Gender, Identity, Health and Physical Education in the Department of Physical Education, Sports Science and Recreation Management, Loughborough University. Anne Williams is Professor and Head of the School of Education at King Alfred’s College Winchester and Honorary Senior Lecturer at the University of Birmingham. Her research interests include teacher education and physical education. She has published widely on primary school physical education, gender issues in physical education and on teacher education. Jan Wright is an Associate Professor and Research Director of the Graduate School of Education, University of Wollongong. She has taught in the areas of curriculum and pedagogy and socio-cultural perspectives of physical education to undergraduates for the last twenty years. She played a key role in the development of the new NSW Senior Syllabus in Personal Development, Health and Physical Education (PDHPE) and has been employed by the NSW Dept of Education and Training to provide professional development on the socio-cultural perspective that underpins this syllabus. Jan has published widely on gender and physical education and is co-author of Becoming a Physical Education Teacher (Addison- Wesley, 2000) with Richard Tinning, Doune Macdonald and Chris Hickey.
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