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Gender and Its Effects on Psychopathology (American Psychopathological Association Series) PDF

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Gender and Its Effects on Psychopathology This page intentionally left blank Gender and Its Effects on Psychopathology EDITEDBY Ellen Frank, Ph.D. American Psychopathological Association WASHINGTON,DC LONDON,ENGLAND Note: Theauthorshaveworkedtoensurethatallinformationinthisbookconcerning drugdosages,schedules,androutesofadministrationisaccurateasofthetimeofpubli- cationandconsistentwithstandardssetbytheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationand thegeneralmedicalcommunity.Asmedicalresearchandpracticeadvance,however, therapeuticstandardsmaychange.Forthisreasonandbecausehumanandmechanical errors sometimes occur, we recommend that readers follow the advice of a physician whoisdirectlyinvolvedintheircareorthecareofamemberoftheirfamily. BookspublishedbytheAmericanPsychiatricPress,Inc.,representtheviewsandopin- ionsoftheindividualauthorsanddonotnecessarilyrepresentthepoliciesandopinions ofthePressortheAmericanPsychiatricAssociation. Copyright©2000AmericanPsychiatricPress,Inc. ALLRIGHTSRESERVED ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaper 03 02 01 00 4 3 2 1 FirstEdition AmericanPsychiatricPress,Inc. 1400KStreet,N.W.,Washington,DC 20005 www.appi.org LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Genderanditseffectsonpsychopathology/editedbyEllenFrank. p. cm.—(AmericanPsychopathologicalAssociationseries) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0-88048-798-4 1. Mental illness—Sex factors. 2. Sex differences (Psychology). 3. Psy- chology,Pathological. I.Frank,Ellen,(1944- . II.Series. [DNLM: 1. MentalDisorders. 2. SexFactors. WM140G3251999] RC455.4.S45G465 1999 616.89—dc21 DNLM/DLC 98-33988 forLibraryofCongress CIP BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData ACIPrecordisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Theideasforthemeetingof TheAmericanPsychopathologicalAssociation onwhichthisvolumeisbased weredevelopedwhiletheeditorwasa JohnD.andCatherineT.MacArthurFellowatthe CenterforAdvancedStudyintheBehavioralSciences, PaloAlto,California. This page intentionally left blank Contents Contributors xi Introduction xv EllenFrank,Ph.D. Section I Etiological Mechanisms 1 Hormonal Basis of Mood Disorders in Women 3 BarbaraL.Parry,M.D. 2 Gender and Dimensions of the Self: Implications for Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior 23 SarahRosenfield,Ph.D. 3 Gender-Specific Etiologies for Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders? 37 AndrewE.Skodol,M.D. Section II Mood and Anxiety Disorders 4 Gender Differences in Major Depression: Epidemiological Findings 61 RonaldC.Kessler,Ph.D. 5 Pubertal Changes and Adolescent Challenges: Why Do Rates of Depression Rise Precipitously for Girls Between Ages 10 and 15 Years? 85 EllenFrank,Ph.D.,andElizabethYoung,M.D. 6 Gender Differences in Response to Treatments of Depression 103 MichaelE.Thase,M.D.,EllenFrank,Ph.D., SusanG.Kornstein,M.D.,andKimberlyA.Yonkers,M.D. 7 Gender Differences in Major Depression: The Role of Anxiety 131 NaomiBreslau,Ph.D.,HowardD.Chilcoat,Sc.D., EdwardL.Peterson,Ph.D.,andLonniR.Schultz,Ph.D. 8 Gender Differences in Anxiety Disorders: Clinical Implications 151 M.KatherineShear,M.D.,UlrikeFeske,Ph.D.and CatherineGreeno,Ph.D. Section III Schizophrenia 9 Gender and Schizophrenia: An Overview 169 StevenO.Moldin,Ph.D. 10 Gender Differences in First-Episode Schizophrenia 187 HeinzHäfner,M.D.,Ph.D.,Dres.h.c. Section IV Substance Abuse and Dependence 11 Gender Differences in the Epidemiology of Substance Dependence in the United States 231 DeniseB.Kandel,Ph.D. 12 Gender Effects in Gene–Environment Interactions in Substance Abuse 253 RemiJ.Cadoret,M.D.,KristinRiggins-Caspers,Ph.D., WilliamR.Yates,M.D.,EdwardP.Troughton,B.A., andMarkA.Stewart,M.D. 13 Gender Differences in the Effects of Opiates and Cocaine: Treatment Implications 281 MaryJeanneKreek,M.D. Index 301

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Starting in embryonic development, gender has profound influences on us. Endocrine receptors in the brain affect cognition, mood, and behavior differently in males and females, and gender roles inevitably affect our psychosocial experiences. It should be no surprise that men and women have differenc
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