Gay Priori This page intentionally left blank Gay Priori A Queer Critical L egal Studies Approach to Law Reform libby adler Duke University Press / Durham and London / 2018 © 2018 duke university press / All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer ic a on acid- free paper ∞ Text designed by Courtney Leigh Baker. Cover design and illustration by Julienne Alexander. Typeset in Garamond Premier Pro by Westchester Publishing Services Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Adler, Libby S., [date] author. Title: Gay priori : a queer critical l egal studies approach to law reform / Libby Adler. Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: lccn 2017043523 (print) lccn 2017047661 (ebook) isbn 9780822371663 (ebook) isbn 9780822371182 (hardcover : alk. paper) isbn 9780822371496 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: lcsh: Gays— Legal status, laws, etc.— United States. | Homo sexuality— Law and legislation— United States. | Law reform— United States. | Sexual minorities— United States— Social conditions. | Marginality, Social— Economic aspects— United States. Classification: lcc kf4754.5 (ebook) | lcc kf4754.5 .a35 2018 (print) | ddc 342.7308/7— dc23 lc rec ord available at https:// lccn . loc . gov / 2017043523 For José and Natalie This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowle dgments / ix Introduction / 1 part i. LGBT Equal Rights Discourse 1. The Indeterminacy Trap / 19 2. The LGBT Rights- Bearing Subject / 60 3. Reformist Desire / 100 part ii. A Step Off the Well- Lit Path 4. Bringing Legal Realism to Po liti cal Economy / 145 5. Making the Distributive Turn / 175 Conclusion / 212 Notes / 217 Bibliography / 247 Index / 259 This page intentionally left blank Acknowl edgments I wish I knew a word that encompassed the meanings “beloved friend,” “in- dispensable colleague,” and “intellectual and po liti cal ally.” If such a term does exist, it describes three people in my life to whom— and for whom— I am end- lessly grateful. Janet Halley has been providing wisdom, comradeship, and unbelievable food for many years. She advanced this proj ect in one thousand ways, from inception to fruition. It is impossible to overstate the value of her support to me personally or to the academic scene in which I do most of my learning. Aziza Ahmed was a find- and- a- half. Time and again, she noncha- lantly and (it often seems) unintentionally teaches me something crucially impor tant while going about the business of her smart, gutsy, and po liti cally engaged work and conducting herself in a generous fashion that comes so natu- rally to her you could almost not notice it. Rashmi Dyal- Chand is my sister- from- another- mister. Every facet of my job is more gratifying b ecause we are on the same team. She always can be counted on to have more confidence in me than I have in myself and her loyalty is more stalwart than anyone is entitled to expect. The constant dialogue I have enjoyed with these cherished friends enriches my work and my life. Karl Klare was generous with me far beyond the call of duty, providing care- ful notes and talking over ideas literally for hours. Karl was my Torts professor in 1991. I thought at the time that he was the best teacher I had ever had, inspir- ing my deep plea sure in the study of law. More than twenty- five years later, it remains true. Margaret Burnham, Daniel Medwed, Lucy Williams, Gabriel Arkles, and Michael Boucai all gave me helpful comments and led me to impor tant sources. Suzanna Walters and Jyoti Puri read drafts, provided enormously helpful feed- back, and aided me greatly in addressing my audience. I presented portions of the manuscript and received impor tant comments at the Northeastern University School of Law faculty colloquium, especially
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