Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders : A Point of Care Clinical Guide PDF
Preview Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders : A Point of Care Clinical Guide
Eytan Bardan Reza Shaker Editors Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders A Point of Care Clinical Guide 123 Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders Eytan Bardan • Reza Shaker Editors Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders A Point of Care Clinical Guide Editors Eytan Bardan Reza Shaker Institute of Gastroenterology Division of Gastroenterology and Sheba Medical Center Hepatology Tel Aviv University Medical College of Wisconsin Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel Milwaukee, WI USA ISBN 978-3-319-59350-0 ISBN 978-3-319-59352-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-59352-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017954300 © Springer International Publishing AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface Motility disorders include a number of chronic conditions which can involve various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, a number of aerodiges- tive and airway disorders can be caused by reflux of gastric content into the pharynx, larynx, and the airway requiring a multidisciplinary knowledge and approach for proper management. As such, gastrointestinal motor disorders can present not uncommonly with a complex set of overlapping signs and symptoms that frequently negatively affects health and quality of life. The diagnosis of these disorders is often viewed as being somewhat algorithmic. However, clinical experience shows that it is rarely straightforward and can be confusing. Similarly, the approach to managing motility disorders has been at times viewed as being algorithmic, but again this is rarely the case especially for patients referred to tertiary care centers. Frequently lack of effective medication for some motility disorders, compliance, or medication side effects arise as roadblocks to optimally managing patients with dysmotility. Patients with newly diagnosed motility disorders frequently have many questions for their providers. This is perhaps more so for those patients fail- ing therapy or who have experienced severe side effects or complications. Every provider has been faced with the questions: “Why did this happen to me?,” “So do I have delayed gastric emptying?, Are my symptoms caused by it?, or Do I have esophageal spasm and it’s causing me chest pain and not heart disease?,” “Where did I get this from?,” “What happens to me in the long term?,” “Do I really have to do the manometry?,” “What if I get preg- nant?,” “I heard reflux medications can harm the baby, is that true?, “or “What about alternative therapies that I can try because I heard reflux medicine can weaken my bones?” These questions, while seemingly straightforward, require the provider to boil down a complex, overlapping, and sometime con- tradictory volume of literature into a simple answer the patient can comprehend. This book will focus on answers to the patient questions that are frequently posed to providers who care for patients with GI motility disorders. Pre- and postsurgical patient management will be addressed in a way it can best be conveyed to patients. Additionally, it will guide clinicians through the com- plicated diagnostic and therapeutic/management approaches to motility dis- orders including common and specialized tests. v vi Preface The purpose of this book is to be a point-of-care reference for busy clini- cians who need the best evidence-based answers to patient questions at their fingertips. Each chapter is predicated on a real patient question that has been encoun- tered in the motility center at the Medical College of Wisconsin. Every clini- cian in his/her early training has frequently struggled to answer patients in a simple and coherent manner. This requires spending a great deal of time researching and evaluating the literature to provide patients with the most understandable and comprehensive answers. In speaking with other gastroen- terologists who focus on motility disorders, it was found that many have shared this same experience and deliver many of the same answers to the same patient questions. This shared experience was the origin of the concept for this handbook: put the expert’s answers to common patient questions in the hands of busy providers right at the point-of-care. The beginning of each chapter starts with a patient question, which leads to a much bigger topic. Following the suggested response is a brief review of the literature as it pertains to the patient question and the chapter topic. These reviews are designed to be read in a few minutes and provide high yield infor- mation. This information will further enable the provider to adapt their response to any follow-up questions patients may have. It is hoped that clinicians in different clinical settings will benefit from this review of the literature: students, midlevel providers, GI fellows, and busy general gastroenterologists alike. We hope you will find “Motility Disorders: A Point-of Care Guide” to be a valuable clinical tool when it comes to managing your patient. Milwaukee, WI, USA Eytan Bardan, M.D., F.E.B.G.H. Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel Reza Shaker, M.D. Contents Part I E sophageal and Supraesophageal Motor Disorders 1 Achalasia and Esophageal Outlet Obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Daphne Ang and Mark Fox 2 Esophageal Chest Pain: Esophageal Spasm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Dustin A. Carlson and John E. Pandolfino 3 Chest Pain of Esophageal Origin and Reflux Hypersensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Wojciech Blonski and Joel E. Richter 4 Nonspecific Esophageal Motility Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 C. Prakash Gyawali 5 Scleroderma Esophagus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 David A. Katzka 6 Globus Sensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Ram Dickman and Doron Boltin 7 UES Restrictive Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Ling Mei and Patrick Sanvanson 8 Erosive Esophagitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Frank Zerbib 9 Regurgitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Kenneth R. DeVault 10 Nonerosive Reflux Disease (NERD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Jason Abdallah and Ronnie Fass 11 Functional Heartburn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Pooja Lal and Michael F. Vaezi 12 I Am Tired of Taking Pills for My Reflux, What Else Can I Do? Surgical and Endoscopic Treatment for GERD. . . . . 143 Jon Gould vii viii Contents 13 Barrett’s Esophagus: Am I Going to Get Cancer? What Should I Do to Avoid It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Lavanya Viswanathan and Prateek Sharma 14 Supraesophageal Reflux Disease (SERD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Timna Naftali 15 Chronic Cough and Throat Clearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 J. Mark Madison and Richard S. Irwin 16 Dysphonia and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Gregory Postma and Mark A. Fritz 17 Aspiration Pneumonia/Bronchitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Masooma Aqeel and Elizabeth R. Jacobs 18 Esophageal Manometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Edy Soffer and Anisa Shaker 19 Radiologic Evaluation of Swallowing: The Esophagram . . . . . . 221 Olle Ekberg, Peter Pokieser, and Martina Scharitzer 20 Painful Swallowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Patrick Sanvanson 21 Eosinophilic Esophagitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Calies Menard-Katcher, Dan Atkins, and Glenn T. Furuta Part II Gastric Motility Disorders 22 Chronic Belching and Chronic Hiccups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 William L. Berger 23 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Geoffrey Dang-Vu and Thangam Venkatesan 24 Gastroparesis, Postprandial Distress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Henry P. Parkman 25 Gastric Pacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Pratik S. Naik and Richard W. McCallum 26 Rapid Gastric Emptying/Pyloric Dysfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Alexander Pontikos and Thomas L. Abell 27 Helicobacter pylori and Other Gastritides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Nimish Vakil 28 Gastric Emptying Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Henry P. Parkman 29 Gastric Functional Tests: Upper Gatrointestinal Barium Studies � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 317 Marc S. Levine Contents ix Part III Small Intestinal and Colorectal Motor Disorders 30 Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Mark Pimentel and Ali Rezaie 31 Short Bowel Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Harold J. Boutte Jr. and Deborah C. Rubin 32 Hydrogen Breath Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 Tamar Thurm and Yishai Ron 33 Small Intestinal Tests: Small Bowel Follow Through, CT Enterography, and MR Enterography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Charles Marn and Naveen Kulkarni 34 The Wireless Motility Capsule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Dan Carter and Eytan Bardan 35 Chronic Constipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Walter Hogan 36 Functional Anorectal Pain/Tenesmus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Arnold Wald 37 Fecal Incontinence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Subhankar Chabkraborty and Adil E. Bharucha 38 Irritable Bowel Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Yehudith Assouline-Dayan Part IV C ommonly Used Drugs for GI Motility Disorders 39 Top 10 Drugs Most Commonly Used for GI Motility Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Luis D. Lomeli, Eric A. Gaumnitz, and Mark Reichelderfer Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Contributors Jason Abdallah, M�D� Esophageal and Swallowing Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Thomas L� Abell, M�D� Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA Daphne Ang, M�B�B�S�, M�R�C�P�, F�R�C�P� Department of Gastroenterology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore Masooma Aqeel, M�D� Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Froedtert Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA The Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA Yehudith Assouline-Dayan, M�D� Division of Gastroenterology- Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Dan Atkins, M�D� Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Allergy, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA Eytan Bardan, M�D�, F�E�B�G�H� Department of Gastroenterology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel William L� Berger, M�D� Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin and Clement J. Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee, WI, USA Adil E� Bharucha, M�B�B�S�, M�D� Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research Program (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Wojciech Blonski, M�D�, Ph�D� Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA Doron Boltin, M�B�B�S� Department of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel xi
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