Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures PDF
Preview Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures
Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures GAS CLEANING AT HIGH TEMPERATURES Edited by R. CLIFf Centre for Environmental Strategy University of Surrey, Guildford, UK and J. P. K. SEVILLE Department of Chemiea l and Proeess Engineering University of Surrey, Guildford, UK SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. First edition 1993 © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1993 ISBN 978-94-010-4961-0 ISBN 978-94-011-2172-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2172-9 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographie reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of Iicences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be se nt to the publishers at the Glasgow address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data available Introduction This volume comprises the papers presented at the Second International Symposium on Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures, held at the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK on 27-29 September, 1993. The Symposium was organised by the Department of Chemical and Process Engineering and the Centre for Environmental Strategy of the University of Surrey, and co-sponsored by The Institution of Chemical Engineers, The Filtration Society and the Royal Society of Chemistry. Co-chairmen R. Clift Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey J. P. K. Seville Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey Secretary J. Libaert Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey Scientific Committee P. Cahill British Coal Research Establishment, Cheltenham, UK W. A. Dries Shell International, The Hague, Netherlands P. Gang University of Karlsruhe, Germany R. R. Greenfield Van Tongeren International, Godalming, UK C. P. Kerton Blue Circle Technical Centre, Greenhithe, UK W. S. Kyte Powergen, Solihull, UK K. Morris Separation Processes Service, Harwell, UK N. Moss Pall Process Filtration, Portsmouth, UK G. A. Rimmer Pilkington, Ormskirk, UK A. Russell-Jones Lodge Sturtevant, Birmingham, UK J. Strickland Davy McKee, Stockton-an-Tees, UK C. J. Withers Glosfume Environmental Controls, Ashleworth, UK Financial sponsors Shell International Inc. BOC Process Plants Air Products Lodge Sturtevant Van Tongeren European Gas Turbines NEI International Combustion Pall Corporation IChemE THE fTLmAIIQN SOCIEfY TlOYAL SOCIEfY Of CHEMISTTlV INSTITUTION Of CHEMICAL ENGINEERS Preface This Second International Symposium on Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures follows the First, held in 1986, also at the University of Surrey, and published by the Institution of Chemical Engineers as no. 99 in their Symposium Series. In the interval since the First Symposium, interest in the technology has grown, driven in part by environmental legislation but also by demands for increases in process efficiency and intensity, notably for power generation and waste incineration. Some techniques for high temperature gas cleaning have now reached practical exploitation, and some of the contributions in this volume describe industrial applications. Other contributors, from both academic and industrial groups, describe research and development for new techniques and applications. The Second Symposium also contains papers in an area which had not emerged at the time of the First Symposium: combined processes for collection of particulates and gaseous components. We are honoured to have an opening address from Professor Dr.-Ing. Friedrich Laffler of the Institiit fUr Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik, Universitat Karlsruhe. Professor Laffler has pioneered the scientific investigation of all aspects of gas cleaning technology over many years and his group is well-represented at this Symposium. We are delighted to have him with us in the year of his 60th birthday! As in 1986, the Symposium Organisers are grateful to the authors represented here for the high standard of their contributions. The Co-Chairmen would like to express their gratitude to the Scientific Committee for their constructive ideas and support, and to Mrs Jean Libaert for her usual conscientiousness and reliability. The professional support of The Institution of Chemical Engineers, The Filtration Society, and The Royal Society of Chemistry is acknowledged. The Organisers are also grateful to Shell International and to the other organisations listed on an earlier page for their financial contributions, which have been used to support workers from Eastern Europe and students who would otherwise have been unable to attend. Roland Clift Jonathan Seville Contents SECTION 1 INERTIAL SEPARATORS AND ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS Novel centrifuges for high temperature gas cleaning 003 A. HITCHINGS, T. O'DOHERTY and N. SYRED Separation efficiency and pressure drop of cyclones at high temperatures 017 M. BOHNET and T. LORENZ The analysis of the cyclone performances under high temperature for PFBC unit 032 S. MINGXIAN, L. JUANREN, L. GUORONG, Y. ZHIBIAO and L. QIANXIN Utilization of turbulence for separation of fine particles - preliminary tests with the "turbulent precipitator" 041 F. A. L. DULLIEN, W. KWAN and A. COLLINS Electrostatic separation of fine particles at high temperature 057 H. YAMAMOTO Hot gas cleanup for advanced power generation system 066 J. M. QUIMBY and K. S. KUMAR SECTION 2 FILTERS Operation and performance of the EPRI hot gas filter at Grimethorpe PFBC Establishment: 1987-1992 088 G. K. BURNARD, A. J. LEITCH, J. STRINGER, R. K. CLARK and P. HOLBROW Filtration properties of dust from fluidised bed gasification systems 111 P. CAHILL, G. RASMUSSEN, M. TUSTIN and D. ROBERTSON Filtration of fly slag from the Shell coal gasification process using porous ceramic candles 127 J. N. PHILLIPS and H. W. A. DRIES Substitution of lightweight ceramics for alloy and silicon carbide in a hot gas ~ff IG E. c. ZIEVERS, J. F. ZIEVERS, P. EGGERSTEDT and P. AGUILAR Experiences of a fibrous ceramic candle filter for hot gas cleaning in pressurized fluidized bed combustion 158 J. JALOVAARA, I. HIPPINEN and A. JAHKOLA Applications of low density ceramic filters for gas cleaning at high temperatures 173 C. J. c. BEATTIE and C. J. WITHERS The evaluation of low-density ceramic filters in a boiler flue gas clean-up system 190 M. JONES and P. ROGERS viii Aspects of pulse-jet cleaning of ceramic filter elements 203 S. LAUX, B. GIERNOTH, H. BULAK and U. RENZ Pulse jet cleaning of rigid filter elements at high temperatures 225 S. BERBNER and F. LOFFLER Regeneration of rigid ceramic filters 244 D. KOCH, K. SCHULZ, 1. P. K. SEVILLE and R. CLIFT Pulse jet cleaning and internal flow in a large ceramic tube filter 266 S. ITO Investigation into the cleaning of fibre ceramic filter elements in a high pressure hot gas dedusting pilot plant 280 R. SKROCH, G. MA YER-SCHWINNING, U. MORGENSTERN and E. WEBER The world market for hot-gas media filtration: current status and state-of- the-art 294 L. BERGMANN High temperature ceramic fiber filter bags 307 T. J. GENNRICH Ceramic honeycomb filter for hot gas cleaning 321 Y. AKITSU, H. MASAKI and O. KYO Compact ceramic membrane gas filter 346 R. F. ABRAMS and R. L. GOLDSMITH High temperature gas cleaning - catalyst recovery 363 R. WREN High temperature dust collection using a unique metallic fiber filter medium in baghouses 378 F. K. PETHICK An integrated concept for the application of high-temperature granular bed filters in the aluminum industry 385 w. PEUKERT and F. LOFFLER High temperature gas cleaning for PFBC using a moving granular bed filter 400 c. A. P. ZEVENHOVEN, J. ANDRIES, K. R. G. HEIN and B. SCARLETT Development of a simultaneous sulfur and dust removal process for IGCC power generation system 419 K. ISHIKAWA, N. KA W AMA T A and K. KAMEl SECTION 3 CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS High temperature desulfurization of coal derived syngas: bench scale and pilot plant sorbent evaluations 438 A. M. ROBIN, J. S. KASSMAN, T. F. LEININGER, J. K. WOLFENBARGER and P. P. YANG Development and characterization of steam regenerable sorbents for hot gas desulphurization in coal gasification based combined cycle plant 454 P. E. H. NIELSEN and I. D. SIGURDARDOTTIR IX Dependence of sulphur capture performance on air staging in a 12 MW circulating f1uidised bed boiler 470 A. LYNGFELT, K. BERGQVIST, F. JOHNSSON, L.-E. AMAND and 8. LECKNER Hydrogen sulfide retention on limestone at high temperature and high pressure 492 J. B. ILLERUP, K. DAM-JOHANSEN and J. E. JOHNSSON S02 removal from stack gases by high temperature dry process with high reactive Ca-Mg based sorbents 510 T. WATANABE, M. HAYASHI, A. TAKAHASHI, H. MATSUDA and M. HASATANI Cleaning of hot gases from coal gasifiers in a dry combined process 522 P. GANG and F. LOFFLER Measurement and control of alkali metal vapours in coal-derived fuel gas 541 r. R. FANTOM Reaction of getter minerals with alkali salt vapours 556 J. M. McLAUGHLIN, R. A. SCHULZ and R. CLIFT Laboratory measurements of metal adsoprtion from simulated incinerator flue gases: sorbent selection for cesium capture 574 S. M. CROSLEY and R. J. KEDL Behaviour of volatile materials in cement kiln systems 589 c. P. KERTON Sorption of S02 and HCI in granular bed filters 604 W. PEUKERT and F. LOFFLER Acid gas treatment at a Cerafil pilot plant 624 A. J. STARTTN, P. H. DYKE and C. J. WITHERS Prediction of dry scrubbing process performance 644 W. DUO, J. P. K. SEVILLE, N. F. KIRKBY and R. CLIFT Membrane development for the separation of H2 and CO2: Pd/Ag alloy membranes 663 r. R. SUMMERFIELD, J. DUXBURY, G. DENNISON and A. P. DAVIDSON Simulation of hydrogen separation from hydrogen sulfide decomposition gases using inorganic membranes 671 J. ZAMAN and A. CHAKMA Section 1 Inertial Separators and Electrostatic Precipitators NOVEL CENTRIFUGES FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS CLEANING A HITCHINGS, T O'DOHERTY and N SYRED School of Engineering, UWCC POBox 925, Newport Road, Cardiff CF2 1Y F, UK ABSTRACT A design for a novel technique for separating submicron particles from an exhaust stream of a diesel engine has been developed at Cardiff. It consists of three main sections, an inlet where the exhaust gases are introduced, a rotating cylinder with a speed of 60,000 rpm or more and a two part outlet system, one to remove the particulate laden gas centrifuged out in the cylinder and one to remove the clean gas. The clean gas constitutes up to 90% of the flowrate. The development has involved the use of FLUENT (a well known finite difference modelling package, solving the approximations to the governing equations) for aerodynamic and particle dynamic predictions. This paper will show a series of predictions including particle tracking of particles 0.2 /lm in size and contours of predicted velocities. Much of the development programme has been involved with the bearing system and minimisation of main shaft orbit to prevent bearing damage. Further development of the bearing system to allow higher speeds to be attained will yield greater separative performance. The existing prototype will separate particles down to less than O.5/lm. NOMENCLATURE d particle diameter M Mach number n vortex exponent r radius u axial velocity W tangential velocity cjI density 3
The list of books you might like
