Gardner's Art Through the Ages: A Global History PDF
Preview Gardner's Art Through the Ages: A Global History
G A R D N E R ’ S ART AGES through the Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. G A R D N E R ’ S FRED S. KLEINER ART AGES through the A GLOBAL HISTORY FOURTEENTH EDITION Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Gardner’s Art through the Ages: © 2013, 2009, 2005 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning A Global History, Fourteenth Edition WCN: 02-200-203 Fred S. Kleiner ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or Publisher: Clark Baxter by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not Senior Development Editor: Sharon Adams Poore limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and re- Assistant Editor: Ashley Bargende trieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the Editorial Assistant: Elizabeth Newell 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Associate Media Editor: Kimberly Apfelbaum Senior Marketing Manager: Jeanne Heston For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Marketing Coordinator: Klaira Markenzon Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 Senior Marketing Communications Manager: Heather Baxley For permission to use material from this text or product, Senior Content Project Manager: Lianne Ames submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. Further permissions questions can be emailed to Senior Art Director: Cate Rickard Barr [email protected]. Senior Print Buyer: Mary Beth Hennebury Rights Acquisition Specialist, Images: Mandy Groszko Library of Congress Control Number: 2011931486 Production Service & Layout: Joan Keyes, Dovetail Student Edition: Publishing Services ISBN-13: 978-0-495-91542-3 Text Designer: tani hasegawa ISBN-10: 0-495-91542-4 Cover Designer: tani hasegawa Cover Image: © Estate of Joan Mitchell. Photograph: © Butler Wadsworth Institute of American Art, Youngstown, OH, USA/Gift of 20 Channel Center Street Marilynn Meeker, 1986 Courtesy of the Joan Mitchell Founda- Boston, MA 02210 tion, NYC/The Bridgeman Art Library International USA Compositor: Thompson Type, Inc. Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with offi ce locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil and Japan. Locate your local offi ce at international.cengage.com/region Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. For your course and learning solutions, visit www.cengage.com. Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com. Instructors: Please visit login.cengage.com and log in to access instructor-specifi c resources. Printed in the United States of America 2 3 4 5 15 14 13 12 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Joan Mitchell, Untitled, ca. 1953–1954. Oil on canvas, 1′ 5″ × 1′ 4″. Butler Institute of American Art, Youngstown (gift of Marilynn Meekder, 1986). T R Th e fi rst major American art movement to emerge in the years following World War II was Abstract Expressionism. Th e Abstract Expressionists built on the innovations of earlier 20th- A century masters, but went even further in rejecting the illusionism that had dominated West- R ern art since the Renaissance. As the name suggests, the Abstract Expressionists produced paint- ings that are abstract but express the artist’s state of mind, with the goal also of striking emotional E chords in the viewer. Abstract Expressionist paintings oft en feature vigorous application of pigment V to the canvas—sometimes literally fl ung from the brush or dripped onto the canvas—hence the O name “action painting” oft en applied to this movement. C Joan Mitchell (1925–1992) was the most prominent woman to embrace action painting, an art form widely regarded as violent, heroic, and distinctly masculine. Indeed, Mitchell took off ense at the E very notion of a “woman painter” as opposed to a painter who was a woman. Illustrated here is one of H Mitchell’s early and characteristically untitled canvases. It features broad intersecting bands of red, T black, and white, mixed with shorter, narrower, curving brushstrokes that fi ll almost the entire surface of the canvas. In contrast to most works in the Western tradition, both fi gural and abstract, the focus T of attention in this composition is off -center at the upper left . U Mitchell’s intensely personal approach to painting characterizes the art of the modern era in gen- O eral, but it is not typical of many periods of art history when artists toiled in anonymity to fulfi ll the wishes of their patrons, whether Egyptian pharaohs, Roman emperors, or medieval monks. Art through B the Ages surveys the art of all periods from prehistory to the present, and worldwide, and examines how A artworks of all kinds have always refl ected the historical contexts in which they were created. Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. BR I EF CON T EN T S PREFACE xxi CHAPTER 10 THE ISLAMIC WORLD 282 INTRODUCTION WHAT IS ART HISTORY? 1 CHAPTER 11 EARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE 306 CHAPTER 1 ART BEFORE HISTORY 14 CHAPTER 12 ROMANESQUE EUROPE 332 CHAPTER 2 MESOPOTAMIA AND PERSIA 30 CHAPTER 13 GOTHIC EUROPE 364 CHAPTER 3 EGYPT UNDER THE PHARAOHS 54 CHAPTER 14 LATE MEDIEVAL ITALY 400 CHAPTER 4 THE PREHISTORIC AEGEAN 84 CHAPTER 15 SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA CHAPTER 5 BEFORE 1200 422 ANCIENT GREECE 104 CHAPTER 16 CHAPTER 6 CHINA AND KOREA TO 1279 448 THE ETRUSCANS 164 CHAPTER 17 CHAPTER 7 JAPAN BEFORE 1333 474 THE ROMAN EMPIRE 178 CHAPTER 18 CHAPTER 8 NATIVE ARTS OF THE AMERICAS LATE ANTIQUITY 232 BEFORE 1300 490 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 19 BYZANTIUM 254 AFRICA BEFORE 1800 520 vii Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. CHAPTER 20 CHAPTER 29 LATE MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERNISM IN EUROPE AND AMERICA, RENAISSANCE NORTHERN EUROPE 534 1900 TO 1945 834 CHAPTER 21 CHAPTER 30 THE RENAISSANCE IN MODERNISM AND POSTMODERNISM QUATTROCENTO ITALY 558 IN EUROPE AND AMERICA, 1945 TO 1980 898 CHAPTER 22 CHAPTER 31 RENAISSANCE AND MANNERISM IN CINQUECENTO ITALY 598 CONTEMPORARY ART WORLDWIDE 940 CHAPTER 23 CHAPTER 32 HIGH RENAISSANCE AND MANNERISM SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA, IN NORTHERN EUROPE AND SPAIN 644 1200 TO 1980 974 CHAPTER 24 CHAPTER 33 THE BAROQUE IN ITALY CHINA AND KOREA, 1279 TO 1980 988 AND SPAIN 668 CHAPTER 34 CHAPTER 25 JAPAN, 1336 TO 1980 1004 THE BAROQUE IN NORTHERN EUROPE 694 CHAPTER 35 NATIVE ARTS OF THE AMERICAS, CHAPTER 26 1300 TO 1980 1022 ROCOCO TO NEOCLASSICISM: THE 18TH CENTURY IN EUROPE CHAPTER 36 AND AMERICA 726 OCEANIA BEFORE 1980 1042 CHAPTER 27 CHAPTER 37 ROMANTICISM, REALISM, AFRICA, 1800 TO 1980 1060 PHOTOGRAPHY: EUROPE AND AMERICA, 1800 TO 1870 754 NOTES 1080 GLOSSARY 1085 CHAPTER 28 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1103 IMPRESSIONISM, POST-IMPRESSIONISM, SYMBOLISM: EUROPE AND AMERICA, CREDITS 1123 1870 TO 1900 798 MUSEUM INDEX 1131 SUBJECT INDEX 1139 viii Brief Contents Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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