Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health: Infancy Through Adolescence 2nd Edition PDF
Preview Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health: Infancy Through Adolescence 2nd Edition
GALE The T of ENCYCLOPEDIA oh fe I C G N F H C A A hildren’s N C ILL Y E D T H E R R H N O ealth U E C G N H Y ’ A SC D I N F A N C Y T H R O U G H A D O L E S C E N C E O H L L E EO S E C O N D E D I T I O N S C A P E V O L U M E N LE C TD 1 E H I A A-C SECOND EDITION V O L U M E 1 A-C J A C Q U E L I N E L . L O N G E , E D I T O R (c) 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. GALE The of ENCYCLOPEDIA C HILDREN’S H EALTH INFANCY THROUGH ADOLESCENCE SECOND EDITION (c) 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. GALE The of ENCYCLOPEDIA C ’ HILDREN S H EALTH INFANCY THROUGH ADOLESCENCE SECOND EDITION VOLUME 1 A–C JACQUELINE L. LONGE, EDITOR (c) 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. GaleEncyclopediaofChildren’sHealth: ©2011Gale,CengageLearning InfancythroughAdolescence, ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.Nopartofthisworkcoveredbythecopyrightherein SecondEdition maybereproduced,transmitted,stored,orusedinanyformorbyany ProjectEditor:JacquelineL.Longe meansgraphic,electronic,ormechanical,includingbutnotlimitedto Editorial:DonnaBatten,LaurieFundukian, photocopying,recording,scanning,digitizing,taping,Webdistribution, KristinKey,KristinMallegg,Brigham informationnetworks,orinformationstorageandretrievalsystems,except Narins,AlejandroValtierra, aspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyright JeffreyWilson Act,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher. ProductManager:KateHanley EditorialSupportServices:AndreaLopeman Forproductinformationandtechnologyassistance,contactusat GaleCustomerSupport,1-800-877-4253. IndexingServices:Factiva,aDowJones Forpermissiontousematerialfromthistextorproduct, Company submitallrequestsonlineatwww.cengage.com/permissions. RightsAcquisitionandManagement: Furtherpermissionsquestionscanbeemailedto TracieRichardsonandRobynV.Young [email protected] Composition:EviAbou-El-Seoud Manufacturing:WendyBlurton Whileeveryefforthasbeenmadetoensurethereliabilityoftheinformation Imaging:JohnWatkins presentedinthispublication,Gale,apartofCengageLearning,doesnot ProductDesign:KristineJulien guaranteetheaccuracyofthedatacontainedherein.Galeacceptsno paymentforlisting;andinclusioninthepublicationofanyorganization, agency,institution,publication,service,orindividualdoesnotimply endorsementoftheeditorsorpublisher.Errorsbroughttotheattentionof thepublisherandverifiedtothesatisfactionofthepublisherwillbe correctedinfutureeditions. LIBRARYOFCONGRESSCATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATIONDATA Galeencyclopediaofchildren’shealth:infancythroughadolescence/ projecteditor,JacquelineL.Longe.--2nded. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-4144-8641-3(set:alk.paper)--ISBN978-1-4144-8642-0 (volume1:alk.paper)--ISBN978-1-4144-8643-7(volume2:alk.paper)-- ISBN978-1-4144-8644-4(volume3:alk.paper)--ISBN978-1-4144-8645-1 (volume4:alk.paper) 1. Children–Healthandhygiene–Encyclopedias.2. Children–Diseases– Encyclopedias.3. Pediatrics–Encyclopedias. I.Longe,JacquelineL. II.Title:Encyclopediaofchildren’shealth. RJ26.G352011 618.920003–dc22 2011002635 Gale 27500DrakeRd. FarmingtonHills,MI,48331-3535 ISBN13:978-1-4144-8641-3(set) ISBN10:1-4144-8641-3(set) ISBN13:978-1-4144-8642-0(vol.1) ISBN10:1-4144-8642-1(vol.1) ISBN13:978-1-4144-8643-7(vol.2) ISBN10:1-4144-8643-X(vol.2) ISBN13:978-1-4144-8644-4(vol.3) ISBN10:1-4144-8644-8(vol.3) ISBN13:978-1-4144-8645-1(vol.4) ISBN10:1-4144-8645-6(vol.4) Thistitleisalsoavailableasane-book. ISBN-13:978-1-4144-8692-5 ISBN-10:1-4144-8692-8 ContactyourGale,apartofCengageLearningsalesrepresentativefor orderinginformation. Printed in China 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 14 13 12 11 (c) 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. CONTENTS List of Entries vii .................................................................. Introduction xv ....................................................................... Advisors xvii ......................................................................... Contributors xix .................................................................... Entries Volume 1: A–C..............................................................1 Volume 2: D–K........................................................671 Volume 3: L–R.....................................................1295 Volume 4: S–Z......................................................1915 Glossary 2373 ........................................................................ Appendix I: Childhood Growth Charts 2459 ...... Index 2469 ............................................................................... GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHILDREN’S HEALTH 2 v (c) 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. LIST OF ENTRIES A American Academy of Child Asphyxia neonatorum and Adolescent Psychiatry Assessment Abandonment American Academy of Pediatrics Asthma Abdominal wall defects Amniocentesis Ataxia-telangiectasia Abortion Anabolic steroid use Atopic dermatitis Acetaminophen Analgesics Atrial septal defect Acne Anaphylaxis Attachment between infant and Acne diet Anatomical age caregiver Acromegaly and gigantism Anemia Attention deficit hyperactivity Acting out Angelman syndrome disorder (ADHD) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Animal bite infections Audiometry Acute myelocytic leukemia Anomia Auditory discrimination test Adaptive behavior scales for infants Anorexia nervosa Autism and children Anoxia Autoimmune disorders Addiction Antenatal testing Aversive conditioning Adenoid hyperplasia Antepartum testing ADHD diet Antiacne drugs Adjustment disorders B Antiasthmatic drugs Adolescence Adolescent nutrition Antibiotics Babysitter Adoption Antibiotics, topical Battered child syndrome AIDS Antidepressant drugs Bayley Scales of Infant Antidepressant drugs, SSRI Development Alagille syndrome Antidepressant drugs, tricyclic Bedbug infestation Albinism Antiepileptic drugs Bedwetting Alcoholism Antihistamines Beery-Buktenica test Allergic purpura Antisocial behavior Behavior modification Allergic rhinitis Antisocial personality disorder Behavioral therapy Allergies Antiviral drugs Bejel Allergy shots Anxiety Bell’s palsy Allergy tests Apgar testing Bender Gestalt test Allowance and money management Aphasia Benton visualretention test Alopecia Apnea of infancy Bicycle safety Alpha-fetoprotein test Appendicitis Biliary atresia Alternative school Apraxia Bilingualism/bilingual education Amblyopia Arteriovenous fistula Bilirubin test Amenorrhea Asperger syndrome Binge eating GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHILDREN’S HEALTH 2 vii (c) 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. s Biological parent Car safety seats Communication disorders e tri Bipolar disorder Carbohydrate intolerance Communication skills and n E Birth Carbon monoxide poisoning development f o Birth defects Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Computed tomography scans t s Li Birth injuries Caregiver Concussion Birth order Cat-scratch disease Condoms Birthmarks Cattell infant intelligence scale Conduct disorder Bisexuality Celiac disease Conflict resolution Bisphenol A Cerebral palsy Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Bites and stings Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis Congenital amputation Blood and blood disorders Cerumen impaction Congenital bladder anomalies Blood sugar tests Cesarean section Congenital brain defects Body dysmorphic disorder Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Congenital heart disease Body image Chemotherapy Congenital hip dysplasia Boehm Test of Basic Concepts Chest physical therapy Congenital ureter anomalies [Revised (Boehm-R)] Chickenpox Conjunctivitis Bonding Child abuse Constipation Boredom Child custody laws Contact dermatitis Botulism Child psychology Contraception Bowel disorders Childbirth Cord blood banking Brachial plexus injuries Childbirth education Corneal abrasion Brain tumors in children Childhood cancer survivors Cough Brazelton neonatal test Childhood nutrition Cough suppressants Breast development Childhood obesity Craniopharyngioma Breast enlargement in adolescent Childhood Vaccine Injury Act Craniosynostosis boys Childproofing Crawling Breastfeeding Children’s Apperception Creativity Breastfeeding problems Test (CAT) Creativity tests Breath holding spells Children’s diets Cri du chat syndrome Breech birth Children’s health Croup Brigance Diagnostic Inventory of Children’s weight management Custody Early Development Choking Cyclic vomiting syndrome Bronchiolitis Cholesterol Cystic fibrosis Bronchitis Chores Cystitis Brown v. Board of Education Circumcision Cytomegalovirus antibody Bruises Cleft lip and palate screening test Bruton agammaglobulinemia Clubfoot Cytomegalovirus infection Bulimia nervosa Co-parenting Bullies Coagulation disorders D Burns Coarctation of the aorta Cochlear implants Day care Cognitive-behavioral therapy Death and mourning C Cognitive development Decongestants Caffeine Cold sores Deductive reasoning California Achievement Tests Colic Defense mechanisms Cancer Color blindness Dehydration Candidiasis Common cold Dental development Canker sores Commonvariableimmunodeficiency Dental fillings viii GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHILDREN’S HEALTH 2 (c) 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Dental sealants Elimination diets Fractures L is Dental trauma Emotional development Fragile X syndrome t o Dental x rays Encephalitis Friedreich’s ataxia f E n Dependent personality disorder Encephalitis vaccine Frostbite and frostnip t r ie Depressive disorders Encopresis Frostig Developmental Test s Dermatitis Enterobacterial infections of Visual Perception Dermatomyositis Enuresis Development assessment Eosinophilic gastroenteropathies G Developmental delay Epiglottitis Developmental psychology Epilepsy Galactosemia Developmental reading disorder Erythroblastosis fetalis Gangs Diabetes mellitus Erythromycins and macrolide anti- Gastroenteritis Diagnostic reading tests—DORA biotics Gastroesophageal reflux disease and others Esophageal atresia Gates-MacGinitie Reading Diaper rash Exercise Tests (GMRT) Diarrhea Expectorants Gender constancy DiGeorge syndrome Extracorporeal membrane Gender identity Diphtheria oxygenation Genetic disorders Discipline Extracurricular activities Genetic testing Dissociative disorders Eye and vision development Genital herpes Divorce Eye glasses and contact lenses Genital warts Dizziness Eyelid disorders Germ cell tumors Down syndrome Eyelid problems Gesell developmental schedules Draw-A-Person test Gonorrhea Drawings Goodenough-Harris drawing test F DTaP vaccine Grandparents Duodenal obstruction Failure to thrive Gray oral reading test Dwarfism Familial Mediterranean fever Gross motor skills Dyslexia Family Growth hormone tests Dysmenorrhea Family therapy Fear H Febrile seizures E Fetal alcohol syndrome Hallucinogens Ear exam with an otoscope Fetal hemoglobin test Hallucinogens and related disorders Early childhood development Fever Hand-eye coordination Early childhood education Fever of unknown origin Hand-foot-and-mouth disease Eating disorders Fifth disease Handedness Eczema Finding a pediatrician Head injury Education for All Handicapped Fine motor skills Head Start programs Children Act Fingertip injuries Headache Edwards’ syndrome Firearm safety Hearing development and function Ehlers-Danlos syndrome First aid Hearing impairments Electric and magnetic fields Fluoridation Heart murmurs Electric shock injuries Folic acid Heat disorders Electroencephalography Food allergies Heavy metal poisoning Electrolyte disorders Food poisoning Heimlich maneuver Electrolyte supplements Foreign objects Hemophilia Electronic fetal monitoring Foster care Hemophilus infections GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHILDREN’S HEALTH 2 ix (c) 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. s Hepatitis A Impulse control disorders Lactose intolerance e tri Hepatitis B Inclusion conjunctivitis Language delay n E Hepatitis B vaccine Infancy Language development f o Hepatoblastoma Infant massage Language disorder t s Li Hereditary fructose intolerance Infant mortality Lateeffectsofchildhoodcancerand Hereditary hemorrhagic Infant nutrition its treatment telangiectasia Infectious disease Laxatives Hermaphroditism Infectious mononucleosis Lead poisoning Hernia Influenza Learning disorders Herpes simplex Influenza vaccination Leukemias, acute Hib vaccine Inhalants and related disorders Leukemias, chronic Hiccups Insect sting allergy Lice infestation High-risk pregnancy Intelligence Lincoln-Oseretsky Motor Develop- Hirschsprung’s disease Intelligence Quotient (IQ) ment Scale Histiocytosis X Intelligence tests Lipidoses Hives Intermittent explosive disorder Lisping Home birth Intersex states Listeriosis Home schooling Intestinal obstructions Literacy/learning to read Homosexuality Intrauterine growth retardation Liver development and function HPV vaccination Intravenous rehydration Long-term follow-up guidelines for childhood cancer survivors Human bite infections Iowa tests of basic skills Lung development and function Human papilloma virus Iron deficiency anemia Huntington disease Irritable bowel syndrome Lying Hurler’s syndrome Itching Lyme disease Lymphadenitis Hydrocephalus Hyper-IgM syndrome J Hyperglycemia M Hyperhidrosis Japanese encephalitis Hypertension Jaundice Macrocephaly Hyperthyroidism Juvenile arthritis Magnetic resonance imaging Hypoglycemia Malnutrition Hypogonadism Malocclusion Hypospadias and epispadias K Marfan syndrome Hypothyroidism Kaufman Assessment Battery for Marijuana Hypotonia Children Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Hypoxia Kawasaki syndrome Massage therapy Kidney development and function Mastoiditis Kleptomania Masturbation I Klinefelter syndrome Maternal to fetal infections Knee injuries Maxillofacial trauma Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Rea- McCarthyScalesofChildren’sAbil- soning ities (MSCA) Ileus Kohs block design test Measles Immobilization Media use Immune system Medicaid Immunodeficiency L Meeting street school screening test Immunoglobulin deficiency syndromes Labyrinthitis Menarche Impetigo Lactation Meningitis x GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHILDREN’S HEALTH 2 (c) 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Meningococcal meningitis vaccine Near-drowning Pediatric nutrition L is Meningococcemia Nebulizers Pediatric physical therapy t o Menstruation Necrotizing enterocolitis Pediatric surgery f E n Mental retardation Neonatal care Pediatrician t r ie Mercury poisoning Neonatal jaundice Peer acceptance s Merrill-Palmer Scales of Mental Neonatal reflexes Peer mediation Development Neonatal respiratory care Peer pressure Methylphenidate Neurofibromatosis Pelvic inflammatory disease Metropolitan achievement tests Neurological exam Penicillins Metropolitan readiness tests Newborn screening Perforated eardrum Middle childhood development Night terrors Perinatal infection Mineral deficiency Nightmares Periodontal disease Mineral toxicity Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory Peroxisomal disorders Minerals drugs Personality development Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Nosebleed Personality disorders Inventory Numbness and tingling Pervasive developmental disorders Minority health Nursemaid’s elbow Phenylketonuria MMR vaccine Nutrition Phobias Moles Nystagmus Pica Mood disorders Piercing and tattoos Moral development Pinta O Motion sickness Pinworms Movement disorders Obsessive-compulsive disorder Pituitary dwarfism Mucopolysaccharidoses Occupational therapy Pityriasis rosea Multicultural education/curriculum Oligomenorrhea Platelet count Multiple endocrine neoplasia syn- Operant conditioning Play therapy dromes Oppositional defiant disorder Pneumonia Multiple pregnancy Oral contraceptives Poison ivy and poison oak Mumps Oral hygiene Poisoning Munchausen syndrome Orthodontics Polio Muscle spasms and cramps Osteochondroses Polio vaccine Muscular dystrophy Osteogenesis imperfecta Polydactyly and syndactyly Music Osteopetroses Porphyrias Music therapy Otitis externa Post-concussion syndrome Mutism Otitis media Prader-Willi syndrome Myers-Briggs type indicator Overhydration Precocious puberty Myopathies Pregnancy Myopia Prematurity Myotonic dystrophy P Premenstrual syndrome Myringotomy and ear tubes Prenatal surgery Pacifier Preschool Pain Prescription drug abuse N Pain management Prickly heat Parent-child relationship Nail biting Product safety and recalls Patau syndrome Nail-patella syndrome Protein-energy malnutrition Patent ductus arteriosus Narcolepsy Psoriasis Peabody picture vocabulary test Narcotics Psychological tests Peanut allergy Nasal trauma Psychosocial disorders Pediatric concerns GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHILDREN’S HEALTH 2 xi (c) 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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