G Protein Coupled Receptors: Trafficking and Oligomerization PDF
Preview G Protein Coupled Receptors: Trafficking and Oligomerization
METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY Editors-in-Chief JOHN N. ABELSON and MELVIN I. SIMON Division of Biology California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Founding Editors SIDNEY P. COLOWICK and NATHAN O. KAPLAN AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 525BStreet,Suite1900,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,USA 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,Oxford,OX51GB,UK 32,JamestownRoad,LondonNW17BY,UK Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,TheNetherlands Firstedition2013 Copyright©2013,ElsevierInc.AllRightsReserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedin anyformorbyanymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRights DepartmentinOxford,UK:phone(+44)(0)1865843830;fax(+44)(0)1865853333; email:permissions@elsevier.com.Alternativelyyoucansubmityourrequestonlineby visitingtheElsevierwebsiteathttp://elsevier.com/locate/permissions,andselecting ObtainingpermissiontouseElseviermaterial Notice Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsor propertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseor operationofanymethods,products,instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein. Becauseofrapidadvancesinthemedicalsciences,inparticular,independentverificationof diagnosesanddrugdosagesshouldbemade ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteatstore.elsevier.com ISBN:978-0-12-391862-8 ISSN:0076-6879 PrintedandboundinUnitedStatesofAmerica 13 14 15 16 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTRIBUTORS LuigiF.Agnati IRCCSLido,Venice,Italy TimothyAngelotti DepartmentofAnesthesia/CCM,StanfordUniversityMedicalSchool,Stanford,California, USA AlisonI.Baillargeon DepartmentofChemistryandBiochemistry,SienaCollege,MorrellScienceCenter, Loudonville,NewYork,USA JeffreyL.Benovic DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,ThomasJeffersonUniversity, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA RaffaellaBonecchi HumanitasClinicalandResearchCenter,andDepartmentofMedicalBiotechnologies,and TranslationalMedicine,Universita`degliStudidiMilano,Rozzano,Italy MarcoBonomi LabofExperimentalEndocrinologyandMetabolism,andDivisionofEndocrineand MetabolicDiseases,OspedaleSanLuca,IRCCSIstitutoAuxologicoItaliano,Milan,Italy ElenaBorroni HumanitasClinicalandResearchCenter,andDepartmentofMedicalBiotechnologiesand TranslationalMedicine,Universita`degliStudidiMilano,Rozzano,Italy DasielO.Borroto-Escuela DepartmentofNeuroscience,KarolinskaInstitutet,Stockholm,Sweden GeorgeBousfield StudiumConsortiumforResearchandTraininginReproductiveSciences(sCORTS), Tours,France,andDepartmentofBiologicalSciences,WichitaStateUniversity,Wichita, Kansas,USA MartaBusnelli CNRInstituteofNeuroscience,andDepartmentofMedicalBiotechnologyand TranslationalMedicine,UniversityofMilan,Milan,Italy A.Cambi DepartmentofTumorImmunology,NijmegenCentreforMolecularLifeSciences, RadboudUniversityNijmegenMedicalCentre,Nijmegen,andNanobiophysics,MIRA InstituteforBiomedicalTechnologyandTechnicalmedicine,UniversityofTwente, Enschede,TheNetherlands CinziaCancellieri HumanitasClinicalandResearchCenter,andDepartmentofMedicalBiotechnologiesand TranslationalMedicine,Universita`degliStudidiMilano,Rozzano,Italy xiii xiv Contributors BiceChini CNRInstituteofNeuroscience,UniversityofMilan,Milan,Italy FranciscoCiruela UnitatdeFarmacologia,DepartamentPatologiaiTerape`uticaExperimental,Universitatde Barcelona,Barcelona,Spain JasonM.Conley DepartmentofMedicinalChemistryandMolecularPharmacology,CollegeofPharmacy, PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,Indiana,USA P.MichaelConn DivisionsofReproductiveSciencesandNeuroscience,OregonNationalPrimateResearch Center,Beaverton,andDepartmentsofPhysiologyandPharmacology,CellBiologyand HumanDevelopmentandObstetricsandGynecology,OregonHealth&Science University,Portland,Oregon,USA AvaisDaulat INSERM,U1016,InstitutCochin;CNRSUMR8104,andUniversite´ ParisDescartes, Paris,France S.deKeijzer DepartmentofTumorImmunology,NijmegenCentreforMolecularLifeSciences, RadboudUniversityNijmegenMedicalCentre,Nijmegen,TheNetherlands LakshmiA.Devi DepartmentofPharmacologyandSystemsTherapeutics,andTheFriedmanBrainInstitute, MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine,NewYork,NewYork,USA JamesA.Dias StudiumConsortiumforResearchandTraininginReproductiveSciences(sCORTS), Tours,France,andNewYorkStateDepartmentofHealthandDepartmentofBiomedical Sciences,WadsworthCenter,SchoolofPublicHealth,UniversityatAlbany,Albany,USA KarinF.K.Ejendal DepartmentofMedicinalChemistryandMolecularPharmacology,CollegeofPharmacy, PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,Indiana,USA KjellFuxe DepartmentofNeuroscience,KarolinskaInstitutet,Stockholm,Sweden PereGarriga Departamentd’EnginyeriaQu´ımica,UniversitatPolite`cnicadeCatalunya,Barcelona,Spain IvoneGomes DepartmentofPharmacologyandSystemsTherapeutics,MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine, NewYork,NewYork,USA AchlaGupta DepartmentofPharmacologyandSystemsTherapeutics,MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine, NewYork,NewYork,USA Contributors xv SaadHannan DepartmentofNeuroscience,PhysiologyandPharmacology,UniversityCollegeLondon, London,UnitedKingdom NobuakiHirota DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,GraduateSchoolofMedicine, TheUniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan VincentK.Ho DepartmentofAnesthesia/CCM,StanfordUniversityMedicalSchool,Stanford,California, USA Chang-DengHu DepartmentofMedicinalChemistryandMolecularPharmacology,CollegeofPharmacy, PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,Indiana,USA IlpoHuhtaniemi StudiumConsortiumforResearchandTraininginReproductiveSciences(sCORTS), Tours,France,andInstituteofReproductiveandDevelopmentalBiology,ImperialCollege London,London,UnitedKingdom CarlM.Hurt DepartmentofAnesthesia/CCM,StanfordUniversityMedicalSchool,Stanford,California, USA JoAnnJanovick DivisionsofReproductiveSciencesandNeuroscience,OregonNationalPrimateResearch Center,Beaverton,Oregon,USA RalfJockers INSERM,U1016,InstitutCochin;CNRSUMR8104,andUniversite´ ParisDescartes, Paris,France KusumamJoseph DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina, Charleston,SouthCarolina,USA DongSooKang DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,ThomasJeffersonUniversity, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA MassimoLocati HumanitasClinicalandResearchCenter,andDepartmentofMedicalBiotechnologiesand TranslationalMedicine,Universita`degliStudidiMilano,Rozzano,Italy RobertoMaggio DepartmentofBiotechnologicalandAppliedClinicalSciences,UniversityofL’Aquila, L’Aquila,Italy MarioMauri DepartmentofExperimentalMedicine,UniversityofMilan-Bicocca,Monza,Italy xvi Contributors * PascalMaurice INSERM,U1016,InstitutCochin;CNRSUMR8104,andUniversite´ ParisDescartes, Paris,France KevinR.Michalski DepartmentofChemistryandBiochemistry,SienaCollege,MorrellScienceCenter, Loudonville,NewYork,USA GraemeMilligan MolecularPharmacologyGroup,InstituteofMolecular,CellandSystemsBiology,College ofMedical,VeterinaryandLifeSciences,UniversityofGlasgow,Glasgow,UnitedKingdom NatsumiMizuno DepartmentofCellularSignaling,andDepartmentofPharmacotherapyofLifestyleRelated Diseases,GraduateSchoolofPharmaceuticalSciences,TohokuUniversity,Sendai,Japan TeruyukiNagamune DepartmentofChemistryandBiotechnology,GraduateSchoolofEngineering,andCenter forNanoBioIntegration,TheUniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan MotonaoNakamura DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,GraduateSchoolofMedicine, TheUniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan HiroyasuNakata DepartmentofBrainDevelopmentandNeuralRegeneration,TokyoMetropolitanInstitute ofMedicalScience,Tokyo,Japan KazunoriNamba Otolaryngology/LaboratoryofAuditoryDisorders,NationalInstituteofSensoryOrgans, NationalTokyoMedicalCenter,Tokyo,Japan ManuelNarvaez DepartmentofPhysiology,SchoolofMedicine,UniversityofMa´laga,Ma´laga,Spain Miklo´sPalkovits HumanBrainTissueBank,SemmelweisUniversity,Budapest,Hungary MarcoParenti DepartmentofExperimentalMedicine,UniversityofMilan-Bicocca,Monza,Italy LucaPersani LabofExperimentalEndocrinologyandMetabolism,andDivisionofEndocrineand MetabolicDiseases,OspedaleSanLuca,IRCCSIstitutoAuxologicoItaliano,and DepartmentofMedicalSciences,UniversityofMilan,Milan,Italy EricReiter StudiumConsortiumforResearchandTraininginReproductiveSciences(sCORTS), Tours;BIOSGroup,INRA,Unite´PhysiologiedelaReproductionetdesComportements, Nouzilly;CNRS,Nouzilly,andUniversite´ Franc¸oisRabelais,Tours,France * Presentaddress:FRECNRS/URCA3481,UFRSciencesExactesetNaturelles,Reims,France Contributors xvii CristinaRocchi DepartmentofBiotechnologicalandAppliedClinicalSciences,UniversityofL’Aquila, L’Aquila,Italy WilberRomero-Fernandez DepartmentofNeuroscience,KarolinskaInstitutet,Stockholm,Sweden MarcoScarselli DepartmentofTranslationalResearchandofNewTechnologies,UniversityofPisa,Pisa, Italy T.Schmidt PhysicsofLifeProcesses,LeidenInstituteofPhysics,LeidenUniversity,Leiden, TheNetherlands TakaoShimizu DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,GraduateSchoolofMedicine, TheUniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan TrevorG.Smart DepartmentofNeuroscience,PhysiologyandPharmacology,UniversityCollegeLondon, London,UnitedKingdom DavidC.Smithson OregonTranslationalResearchandDrugDevelopmentInstitute,Portland,Oregon, USA B.E.Snaar-Jagalska CellBiology,LeidenInstituteofBiology,LeidenUniversity,Leiden,TheNetherlands EleanorK.Spicer DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina, Charleston,SouthCarolina,USA RachelSterne-Marr BiologyDepartment,SienaCollege,MorrellScienceCenter,Loudonville,NewYork, USA TokikoSuzuki DepartmentofCellularSignaling,GraduateSchoolofPharmaceuticalSciences,Tohoku University,Sendai,Japan AlexanderO.Tarakanov RussianAcademyofSciences,St.PetersburgInstituteforInformaticsandAutomation,Saint Petersburg,Russia JohnJ.G.Tesmer LifeSciencesInstituteandtheDepartmentofPharmacology,UniversityofMichigan,Ann Arbor,Michigan,USA BabyG.Tholanikunnel DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina, Charleston,SouthCarolina,USA xviii Contributors PhilipThomas DepartmentofNeuroscience,PhysiologyandPharmacology,UniversityCollegeLondon, London,UnitedKingdom XufanTian DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,ThomasJeffersonUniversity, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA AlfredoUlloa-Aguirre StudiumConsortiumforResearchandTraininginReproductiveSciences(sCORTS), Tours,France,andDivisionofReproductiveHealth,ResearchCenterinPopulationHealth, NationalInstituteofPublicHealth,Me´xicoD.F.,Mexico RichardJ.Ward MolecularPharmacologyGroup,InstituteofMolecular,CellandSystemsBiology,College ofMedical,VeterinaryandLifeSciences,UniversityofGlasgow,Glasgow,UnitedKingdom ValJ.Watts DepartmentofMedicinalChemistryandMolecularPharmacology,CollegeofPharmacy, PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,Indiana,USA MeganE.Wilkins DepartmentofNeuroscience,PhysiologyandPharmacology,UniversityCollegeLondon, London,UnitedKingdom GuangyuWu DepartmentofPharmacologyandToxicology,GeorgiaHealthSciencesUniversity, Augusta,Georgia,USA Tian-RuiXu MolecularPharmacologyGroup,InstituteofMolecular,CellandSystemsBiology,College ofMedical,VeterinaryandLifeSciences,UniversityofGlasgow,Glasgow,UnitedKingdom SatoshiYamaguchi DepartmentofChemistryandBiotechnology,GraduateSchoolofEngineering,andCenter forNanoBioIntegration,TheUniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan TeruyasuYamamoto DepartmentofChemistryandBiotechnology,GraduateSchoolofEngineering,andCenter forNanoBioIntegration,TheUniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan DaisukeYasuda DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,GraduateSchoolofMedicine, TheUniversityofTokyo,Tokyo,Japan PREFACE G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of val- idated drug targets; mutations in GPCRsare the underlying causeof more than 30 diseases. These plasma membrane proteins are utilized by cells to mediate responses to sensory stimuli, hormones, and neurotransmitters. Someestimatesarethatasmuchat4%ofthehumangenomemaybereserved forGPCRs;thisistestimonytothelargenumberofusestowhichnaturehas put these interesting and highly interactive molecules. Understanding the relation between receptor structure and function frequently explains the underlying pathology of disease and presents thera- peutic and prophylactic opportunities. Accordingly, this volume provides descriptionsoftherangeofmethodsusedtoanalyzetheseimportant signal transducers andtheauthors explain how these methodsareable to provide important biological insights. Authorswereselectedbasedonresearchcontributionsintheareaabout which they have written and based on their ability to describe their meth- odological contribution in a clear and reproducible way. They have been encouraged to make use of graphics and comparisons to other methods, andtoprovidetricksandapproachesnotrevealedinpriorpublicationsthat make it possible to adapt methods to other systems. Theeditorwantstoexpressappreciationtothecontributorsforprovid- ingtheircontributionsinatimelyfashion,tothesenioreditorsforguidance, and to the staff at Academic Press for helpful input. P. MICHAEL CONN Portland, Oregon, USA March 2012 xix METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY VOLUME I. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME II. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME III. Preparation and Assay of Substrates Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME IV. Special Techniques for the Enzymologist Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME V. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME VI. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes (Continued) Preparation and Assay of Substrates Special Techniques Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME VII. Cumulative Subject Index Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME VIII. Complex Carbohydrates Edited by ELIZABETH F. NEUFELD AND VICTOR GINSBURG VOLUME IX. Carbohydrate Metabolism Edited by WILLIS A. WOOD VOLUME X. Oxidation and Phosphorylation Edited by RONALD W. ESTABROOK AND MAYNARD E. PULLMAN VOLUME XI. Enzyme Structure Edited by C. H. W. HIRS VOLUME XII. Nucleic Acids (Parts A and B) Edited by LAWRENCE GROSSMAN AND KIVIE MOLDAVE VOLUME XIII. Citric Acid Cycle Edited by J. M. LOWENSTEIN VOLUME XIV. Lipids Edited by J. M. LOWENSTEIN xxi
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