Future Aeronautical Communications

392 Pages·2011·28.04 MB·English

by  S. Plass

FUTURE AERONAUTICAL
COMMUNICATIONS

Edited by Simon Plass
Future Aeronautical Communications
Edited by Simon Plass

Published by InTech
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First published September, 2011
Printed in Croatia

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Future Aeronautical Communications, Edited by Simon Plass
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-625-6
free online editions of InTech
Books and Journals can be found at
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Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Current Trends 1
Chapter 1 SESAR and SANDRA: A Co-Operative
Approach for Future Aeronautical Communications 3
Angeloluca Barba and Federica Battisti
Chapter 2 Handling Transition from
Legacy Aircraft Communication Services to
New Ones – A Communication Service Provider's View 25
Frederic Durand and Luc Longpre
Part 2 Future Aeronautical Network Aspects 55
Chapter 3 SOA-Based Aeronautical Service Integration 57
Yifang Liu, Yongqiang Cheng, Yim Fun Hu,
Prashant Pillai and Vincenzo Esposito
Chapter 4 Transport Protocol for Future Aeronautics 83
Muhammad Muhammad and Matteo Berioli
Chapter 5 Security Concepts in
IPv6 Based Aeronautical Communications 101
Tommaso Pecorella, Romano Fantacci, Luigia Micciullo,
Antonietta Stango, Neeli Prasad, Piotr Pacyna,
Norbert Rapacz and Tomasz Chmielecki
Chapter 6 Quality of Service Management and Interoperability 129
Christian Kissling and Tomaso de Cola
Chapter 7 Interoperability Among Heterogeneous
Networks for Future Aeronautical Communications 147
Kai Xu, Prashant Pillai,
Yim Fun Hu and Muhammad Ali
VI Contents

Chapter 8 Design Aspects of a Testbed for an
IPv6-Based Future Network for
Aeronautical Safety and Non-Safety Communication 171
Oliver Lücke and Eriza Hafid Fazli
Part 3 Challenges for the Satellite Component 185
Chapter 9 The Role of Satellite Systems in
Future Aeronautical Communications 181
Nicolas Van Wambeke and Mathieu Gineste
Chapter 10 Development of a Broadband and
Squint-Free K -Band Phased Array Antenna
u
System for Airborne Satellite Communications 201
David Marpaung, Chris Roeloffzen, Willem Beeker,
Bertrand Noharet, Jaco Verpoorte and Rens Baggen
Part 4 Future Aeronautical Data Links 225
Chapter 11 Future Aeronautical Communications:
The Data Link Component 227
Nikos Fistas
Chapter 12 Aeronautical Mobile Airport
Communications System (AeroMACS) 235
James M. Budinger and Edward Hall
Chapter 13 Utilizing IEEE 802.16 for
Aeronautical Communications 263
Max Ehammer, Thomas Gräupl and Elias Pschernig
Chapter 14 The LDACS1 Link Layer Design 291
Thomas Gräupl and Max Ehammer
Chapter 15 The LDACS1 Physical Layer Design 317
Snjezana Gligorevic, Ulrich Epple and Michael Schnell
Part 5 Visions for Aeronautics
Chapter 16 IFAR – The International Forum
for Aviation Research 335
Richard Degenhardt, Joachim Szodruch and Simon Plass
Chapter 17 The Airborne Internet 349
Daniel Medina and Felix Hoffmann

Preface

Introduction
There are well-founded concerns that current air transportation systems will not be
able to cope with their expected growth. Current processes, procedures and
technologies in aeronautical communications do not provide the flexibility needed to
meet the growing demands. Aeronautical communications is seen as one major
bottleneck stressing capacity limits in air transportation. Ongoing research projects are
developing the fundamental methods, concepts and technologies for future
aeronautical communications that are required to enable higher capacities in air
transportation.
A study of EUROCONTROL states achievement of the aeronautical communications
capacities in Europe in the next decade. Still, the main aeronautical communications is
based on analog voice communication. The analog techniques are using the HF band
for remote and oceanic regions and the VHF band is used for populous continental
areas. There already exist aeronautical digital data links which do not increase a data
rate of about 32 kbits/s but accessible satellite links. Table 1 lists available digital
aeronautical data and satellite links. Moreover, the expected air traffic management
(ATM) paradigm shift towards more strategic and tactical planning requires
additional communication capabilities which are not provided by current air traffic
control (ATC) and ATM communication systems.

Technology Band Access Scheme Modulation Data Rate
VDL2
A VHF CSMA D8PSK 31.5 kbits/s
(VHF Data Link 2)
A ACARS VHF CSMA AM MSK 2.4 kbits/s
A HFDL (HF Data Link) HF TDMA MPSK 1.8 kbits/s
S Iridium L hybrid FDMA/TDMA DE-QPSK 9.6 kbits/s
combination of CDMA
S Globalstar L Offset-QPSK 9.6 kbits/s
with FDMA
S Inmarsat Swift Broadband L hybrid FDMA/TDMA QPSK / 16QAM < 450 kbits/s
Table 1. Existing digital aeronautical data links (A) and satellite links (S).
X Preface

From Vision to Action
Integrating existing and future communications infrastructure in a system of systems
is the vision of the future communications infrastructure (FCI) to enable the goals
for a safe, secure and capable future ATM communications. In 2003 ICAO expressed
the need of new functionalities in aeronautical communications by an evolutionary
approach. The Action Plan 17 by EUROCONTROL and the US Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) developed a comprehensive view of the overall needs in 2007.
From 2007 to 2009, the EU research project NEWSKY (NEtWorking the SKY)
addressed these demands by launching a first feasibility study for a global airborne
network design and developing initial specifications for a new aeronautical
communications network based on Internet technologies (IPv6). Also the EU
research project SANDRA (Seamless Aeronautical Networking through integration
of Data-links, Radios and Antennas) aims at designing and implementing an
integrated aeronautical communications system and validating it through a testbed
and further in-flight trails on an Airbus 320. Both, the FAA and the European
Commission support intensive studies in this field, namely by the NextGen and
SESAR programs. Of course, additional effort is and has to be spent in the area of
future aeronautical data links, i.e., satellite, L-band Digital Aeronautical
Communication System (LDACS), AeroMACS to facilitate the concept of a seamless
aeronautical network.
Outline of the Book
This book assembles recent research results, emerging technologies and trends in the
field of aeronautical communications. The book is organized in 5 parts covering
occurring trends, aspects for future aeronautical networks, the challenges for the
satellite component, emerging aeronautical data links, and visions for aeronautical
communications.
In the first part, Barba & Battisti give an insight of the recent SESAR program and the
SANDRA research project including their main objectives, research activities and their
collaboration. Current trends for datalink service providers (DSPs) are indentified by
Durand & Longpre and also new emerging roles and its new players for future aircraft
IT systems and associated ground components are discussed.
Future aeronautical network aspects are covered in the second part. The integration of
a service-oriented architecture in an aeronautical communications environment is
shown in the chapter of Yifang et al. whereas the system wide information
management (SWIM) ground-to-ground services are extended to air-to-ground
information exchange. Muhammad & Berioli investigate the influence of the different
data traffic characteristics by ATM communications to the transmission control
protocol (TCP) and detailed analysis of the ATM traffic pattern and suggestions on the
system design are given. Due to safety and security requirements an aeronautical
communications system is a critical infrastructure. Pecorella et al. give an overview of