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Further Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci PDF

780 Pages·1999·4.14 MB·English
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ELECBOOK CLASSICS Further Selections from the Prison Notebooks Antonio Gramsci ISBN 1 84327 120 6 ©The Electric Book Company 2001 The Electric Book Company Ltd 20 Cambridge Drive, London SE12 8AJ, UK www.elecbook.com FURTHER SELECTIONS FROM THE PRISON NOTEBOOKS ANTONIO GRAMSCI Translated and edited by Derek Boothman ElecBook London 1999 Transcribed from the edition published by Lawrence & Wishart, London 1995 Contents Click on number to go to page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................20 A NOTE ON THE TRANSLATION..................................................22 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................27 1 Why ‘Further Selections from the Prison Notebooks’?.................27 2 Faith as a Material Force.......................................................35 3 Education............................................................................45 4 Economics and the Economy..................................................51 5 National and International Economic Trends.............................63 6 Science and Translatability ....................................................73 7 Idealist Philosophy: Gramsci’ s ‘Anti-Croce’..............................87 8 The Gramscian Renewal of Marxism: Living Philology and Translation.....................................................................104 Autobiographical Notes..........................................................108 I RELIGION: A MOVEMENT AND AN IDEOLOGY...........................112 Introduction..........................................................................112 A THE CHURCH AS AN INSTITUTION AND THE CLERGY AS INTELLECTUALS.................................................................118 1 Religion [1] .......................................................................118 2 Clergy and Intellectuals [1]..................................................119 3 Religion as a Principle and the Clergy as Feudal Class- Order...................................................................................119 4 The Clergy as Intellectuals...................................................120 5 The Social Origin of the Clergy..............................................121 Further Selections from Prison Notebooks 5 6 The Clergy, Church Property and Analogous Forms of Landed or Non-Landed Property..............................................122 7 Religion [2] .......................................................................123 8 Past and Present [1]. Fables. Points on Religion.....................124 9 Cultural Questions. Fetishism...............................................124 10 The Conception of Organic Centralism and the Priestly Caste...................................................................................126 11 Arms and Religion............................................................127 12 Past and Present [2]. The Spread of Christianity...................128 13 Conflict between State and Church as Eternal Historical Category.................................................................129 14 History of the Intellectuals. Struggle between Church and State.............................................................................129 B REFORMATION AND COUNTER-REFORMATION.......................130 15 Development of the Bourgeois Spirit in Italy.........................130 16 History of the Italian Intellectuals. Galileo and Giordano Bruno.....................................................................131 17 Catholic Action [1]. Roberto Bellarmino’s Canonisation..........132 18 Humanism and Renaissance..............................................132 19 Reformation and Renaissance. Nicholas of Cusa...................133 20 Formation and Reformation................................................134 21 Past and Present [3]. Lutheran Reformation—British Calvinism—French Rationalism...............................................135 22 Notes on Italian Culture. On Protestantism in Italy ................136 C CATHOLIC SOCIAL POLICY, THE HIERARCHY AND POPULAR RELIGION IN ITALY...................................................140 23 Catholic Action [2]. Catholic Action’s History and Organisation.........................................................................140 Classics in Politics: Antonio Gramsci ElecBook Further Selections from Prison Notebooks 6 24 Catholic Action and the Franciscan Tertiaries........................146 25 On Poverty, Catholicism and the Church Hierarchy................147 26 Catholic Action [3]. The Pre-History of Catholic Action...........148 27 Catholic Action [4]. Catholic Action’s Origins........................150 28 Catholic Action [5]. Catholic Action and Neo- Guelphism............................................................................151 29 The Risorgimento. 1848-49 ..............................................153 30 Catholic Action [6]. The Role of the Catholics in Italy............153 31 Catholic Action [7]. Gianforte Suardi...................................155 32 Clergy and Intellectuals [2]. Leo XIII....................................156 33 Catholic Action [8]. The Church’s Reduced Role in the World..................................................................................157 34 On Catholic ‘Social Thought’..............................................158 35 Catholic Social Thought.....................................................160 36 Catholic Action [9]. The ‘Workers’ Retreats’ .........................161 37 Catholic Action [10]. Catholics and Insurrection....................163 38 Catholic Action [11]. The Lille Conflict................................164 39 Davide Lazzaretti..............................................................165 40 Religion, the Lottery and the Opium of Poverty [1]................170 41 Religion, the Lottery and the Opium of Poverty [2]................174 D CONCORDATS AND CHURCH-STATE RELATIONS....................175 42 The Concordat..................................................................175 43 Nature of the Concordats...................................................175 44 State-Church Relations [1].................................................176 45 Concordats and International Treaties..................................177 46 State-Church Relations [2].................................................187 47 The State is the Church.....................................................189 48 Past and Present [4] Religion in Schools..............................191 49 Catholicism and Secularism. Religion and Science, Classics in Politics: Antonio Gramsci ElecBook Further Selections from Prison Notebooks 7 etc.......................................................................................192 50 Encyclopaedic Notions [1]. Civil Society ..............................193 E INTEGRALIST CATHOLICS, JESUITS AND MODERNISTS.......................................................................195 51 The Rise of the Integralists.................................................195 52 Action Française and the Integralists...................................200 53 An Action Française Journalist in Rome...............................208 54 Action Française’s Long Crisis ............................................209 55 Maurras and Paganism......................................................213 56 Maurras and ‘Organic Centralism’.......................................215 57 The Turmel Case..............................................................216 58 The Case of Abbe Turmel of Rennes....................................217 59 Luigi Salvatorelli and Fr Turmel..........................................219 60 Introduction to the Study of Philosophy. Fr Lippert................221 61 The Encyclicals Against Modern Thought.............................221 62 Past and Present [5). Papal Encyclicals...............................222 63 Roberto Bellarmino...........................................................223 F ORGANISED RELIGION IN THE METROPOLITAN COUNTRIES.............................................................................225 64 The Italian Risorgimento. Jewish Culture and Consciousness in Italy............................................................225 65 Integralist Catholics, Jesuits, Modernists. *Spain..................227 66 Catholic Action [12]. France..............................................227 67 Lucien Romier and French Catholic Action [1]......................230 68 Lucien Romier and French Catholic Action [2]......................230 69 Catholic Action [13]. Catholic Action in Germany and Austria.................................................................................230 70 Relations between the German Centre and the Vatican..........231 71 Catholic Action in Germany [1]...........................................232 Classics in Politics: Antonio Gramsci ElecBook Further Selections from Prison Notebooks 8 72 Catholic Action in Germany [2]...........................................232 73 Catholic Action in the United States [1]...............................233 74 Catholic Action in the United States [2]...............................234 75 Catholic Action [14]. Catholicism and Social Democracy in Britain .............................................................235 76 British Labourism. The Archbishop of Canterbury and Labourism............................................................................236 77 The Ecumenical Movement................................................236 78 Ecumenical Movements.....................................................237 79 Religious Movements. The Ecumenical Movement and its Subsidiary Organisation......................................................237 80 Religion and Politics .........................................................238 G RELIGIOUS CULTURE IN OTHER MAJOR COUNTRIES..............240 81 Ecumenicalism and Protestant Propaganda in South America...............................................................................240 82 South American Culture.....................................................240 83 Jesuitism in South America................................................241 84 Catholicism in India..........................................................242 85 Rebel India......................................................................242 86 Non-Resistance and Non-Co-operation................................243 87 Religiosity in India............................................................245 88 Encyclopaedic Notions [2]. Theopanism..............................246 89 Brief Notes on Indian Culture.............................................246 90 Intellectuals. On Indian Culture...........................................247 91 The Question of the Intellectuals.........................................248 92 Brief Notes on Chinese Culture [1]......................................249 93 Brief Notes on Chinese Culture [2]......................................252 94 Brief notes on Japanese Culture [1].....................................254 95 Brief Notes on Japanese Culture [2]....................................258 Classics in Politics: Antonio Gramsci ElecBook Further Selections from Prison Notebooks 9 96 The New Evolution of Islam...............................................259 97 Brief Notes on Islamic Culture............................................261 98 The Influence of Arab Culture on Western Civilisation ............263 II THE ORIGIN OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL PRINCIPLES.........265 Introduction..........................................................................265 1 Some Problems of Modern Pedagogy.....................................266 2 Scholastic Questions [1]......................................................267 3 The Professional School.......................................................270 4 Professional Orientation.......................................................271 5 Universities and Academies .................................................272 6 The Academies...................................................................275 7 Italian and French Culture and the Academies........................275 8 The Italian Universities........................................................275 9 Scholastic Questions [2]......................................................278 10 Intellectual and Moral Order...............................................279 11 The Organisation of Cultural Life.........................................280 12 Types of Periodical ...........................................................281 13 Italian Culture..................................................................281 14 The Popular Libraries........................................................282 15 Ideological Material...........................................................283 16 Introduction to the Study of Philosophy. Pedagogy and..........284 Hegemony285 17 Antonio Labriola [1]..........................................................286 18 Antonio Labriola [2]..........................................................289 III THE NATURE AND HISTORY OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE.............290 Classics in Politics: Antonio Gramsci ElecBook Further Selections from Prison Notebooks 10 Introduction..........................................................................290 1 Machiavelli as an Economist................................................291 2 Points to Reflect on for a Study of Economics [1]. The Beginning of Economic Science...............................................292 3 Points to Reflect on for a Study of Economics [2]. The Method of Economic Research................................................294 4 Brief Notes on Economics [1]. The Concept of ‘Homo Oeconomicus’.......................................................................295 5 Points to Reflect on for a Study of Economics [3]. On the Subject of the So-Called Homo Oeconomicus.......................296 6 Points to Reflect on for a Study of Economics [4]. Classical Economy and Critical Economy..................................297 7 Points to Reflect on for a Study of Economics [5]. Observations on Pantaleoni’s ‘Pure Economics’..........................299 8 Points to Reflect on for a Study of Economics [6]. Regarding Pantaleoni’s ‘Pure Economics’..................................301 9 Brief Notes on Economics [2]. Lionel Robbins........................303 10 Brief Notes on Economics [3]. Political Economy and Critical Economy...................................................................305 11 Outlines of Marxist Economics............................................306 12 Freedom and ‘Automatism’ <or Rationality>.......................309 13 Brief Notes on Economics [4]. Ugo Spirito & Co....................310 14 Encyclopaedic Notions. Conjuncture [1]...............................312 15 Encyclopaedic Notions. Conjuncture [2]...............................312 16 Points for a Study of Economics: The Einaudi-Spirito Polemic over the State...........................................................313 17 Economic History Studies..................................................315 18 Graziadei’s Land of Cokaygne.............................................315 19 Graziadei and the Land of Cokaygne....................................317 Classics in Politics: Antonio Gramsci ElecBook Further Selections from Prison Notebooks 11 20 Graziadei.........................................................................317 21 On Graziadei....................................................................318 22 Points to Reflect on in Economics. The Science of Economics............................................................................320 IV ECONOMIC TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS............................322 Introduction..........................................................................322 A THE GEO-POLITICAL SITUATION............................................325 1 Geo-Politics.......................................................................325 2 World Politics and European Politics.....................................325 3 The Atlantic and the Pacific.................................................326 4 America and the Mediterranean............................................326 5 Great Britain and the United States.......................................326 6 Britain, Russia, Germany.....................................................327 7 Encyclopaedic Notions [1]. The Four Pillars of Europe.............328 8 A Policy for Peace in Europe................................................329 9 Augur................................................................................330 10 Geo-Political Developments................................................331 11 America..........................................................................338 12 Past and Present [1]. Otto Kahn.........................................339 13 Oil, Petrol and Petroleum Products .....................................340 14 Italy and the Yemen in the New Politics of the Arab World..................................................................................342 15 Britain and the United States after the War..........................345 16 The American Negroes......................................................346 B THE WORLD ECONOMIC CRISIS 347 17 Past and Present [2]. Observations on the World Crisis..........347 18 Past and Present [3]. The Standard of Living........................349 Classics in Politics: Antonio Gramsci ElecBook

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n a book that ranges as wide in its subject matter as this one any editor and translator would indeed be hard-pressed to follow Gramsci on every single point without expert help and advice. The current translator is no exception and owes a great debt of gratitude to various people who have provided
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