Further Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci

780 Pages·1999·4.14 MB·English

ELECBOOK CLASSICS

Further Selections
from the Prison
Notebooks

Antonio Gramsci
ISBN 1 84327 120 6
©The Electric Book Company 2001
The Electric Book Company Ltd
20 Cambridge Drive, London SE12 8AJ, UK
www.elecbook.com
FURTHER SELECTIONS FROM THE
PRISON
NOTEBOOKS
ANTONIO GRAMSCI
Translated and edited by Derek Boothman
ElecBook
London 1999
Transcribed from the edition published by
Lawrence & Wishart, London 1995
Contents
Click on number to go to page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................20
A NOTE ON THE TRANSLATION..................................................22
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................27
1 Why ‘Further Selections from the Prison Notebooks’?.................27
2 Faith as a Material Force.......................................................35
3 Education............................................................................45
4 Economics and the Economy..................................................51
5 National and International Economic Trends.............................63
6 Science and Translatability ....................................................73
7 Idealist Philosophy: Gramsci’ s ‘Anti-Croce’..............................87
8 The Gramscian Renewal of Marxism: Living Philology
and Translation.....................................................................104
Autobiographical Notes..........................................................108
I RELIGION: A MOVEMENT AND AN IDEOLOGY...........................112
Introduction..........................................................................112
A THE CHURCH AS AN INSTITUTION AND THE CLERGY
AS INTELLECTUALS.................................................................118
1 Religion [1] .......................................................................118
2 Clergy and Intellectuals [1]..................................................119
3 Religion as a Principle and the Clergy as Feudal Class-
Order...................................................................................119
4 The Clergy as Intellectuals...................................................120
5 The Social Origin of the Clergy..............................................121
Further Selections from Prison Notebooks 5
6 The Clergy, Church Property and Analogous Forms of
Landed or Non-Landed Property..............................................122
7 Religion [2] .......................................................................123
8 Past and Present [1]. Fables. Points on Religion.....................124
9 Cultural Questions. Fetishism...............................................124
10 The Conception of Organic Centralism and the Priestly
Caste...................................................................................126
11 Arms and Religion............................................................127
12 Past and Present [2]. The Spread of Christianity...................128
13 Conflict between State and Church as Eternal
Historical Category.................................................................129
14 History of the Intellectuals. Struggle between Church
and State.............................................................................129
B REFORMATION AND COUNTER-REFORMATION.......................130
15 Development of the Bourgeois Spirit in Italy.........................130
16 History of the Italian Intellectuals. Galileo and
Giordano Bruno.....................................................................131
17 Catholic Action [1]. Roberto Bellarmino’s Canonisation..........132
18 Humanism and Renaissance..............................................132
19 Reformation and Renaissance. Nicholas of Cusa...................133
20 Formation and Reformation................................................134
21 Past and Present [3]. Lutheran Reformation—British
Calvinism—French Rationalism...............................................135
22 Notes on Italian Culture. On Protestantism in Italy ................136
C CATHOLIC SOCIAL POLICY, THE HIERARCHY AND
POPULAR RELIGION IN ITALY...................................................140
23 Catholic Action [2]. Catholic Action’s History and
Organisation.........................................................................140
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Further Selections from Prison Notebooks 6
24 Catholic Action and the Franciscan Tertiaries........................146
25 On Poverty, Catholicism and the Church Hierarchy................147
26 Catholic Action [3]. The Pre-History of Catholic Action...........148
27 Catholic Action [4]. Catholic Action’s Origins........................150
28 Catholic Action [5]. Catholic Action and Neo-
Guelphism............................................................................151
29 The Risorgimento. 1848-49 ..............................................153
30 Catholic Action [6]. The Role of the Catholics in Italy............153
31 Catholic Action [7]. Gianforte Suardi...................................155
32 Clergy and Intellectuals [2]. Leo XIII....................................156
33 Catholic Action [8]. The Church’s Reduced Role in the
World..................................................................................157
34 On Catholic ‘Social Thought’..............................................158
35 Catholic Social Thought.....................................................160
36 Catholic Action [9]. The ‘Workers’ Retreats’ .........................161
37 Catholic Action [10]. Catholics and Insurrection....................163
38 Catholic Action [11]. The Lille Conflict................................164
39 Davide Lazzaretti..............................................................165
40 Religion, the Lottery and the Opium of Poverty [1]................170
41 Religion, the Lottery and the Opium of Poverty [2]................174
D CONCORDATS AND CHURCH-STATE RELATIONS....................175
42 The Concordat..................................................................175
43 Nature of the Concordats...................................................175
44 State-Church Relations [1].................................................176
45 Concordats and International Treaties..................................177
46 State-Church Relations [2].................................................187
47 The State is the Church.....................................................189
48 Past and Present [4] Religion in Schools..............................191
49 Catholicism and Secularism. Religion and Science,
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etc.......................................................................................192
50 Encyclopaedic Notions [1]. Civil Society ..............................193
E INTEGRALIST CATHOLICS, JESUITS AND
MODERNISTS.......................................................................195
51 The Rise of the Integralists.................................................195
52 Action Française and the Integralists...................................200
53 An Action Française Journalist in Rome...............................208
54 Action Française’s Long Crisis ............................................209
55 Maurras and Paganism......................................................213
56 Maurras and ‘Organic Centralism’.......................................215
57 The Turmel Case..............................................................216
58 The Case of Abbe Turmel of Rennes....................................217
59 Luigi Salvatorelli and Fr Turmel..........................................219
60 Introduction to the Study of Philosophy. Fr Lippert................221
61 The Encyclicals Against Modern Thought.............................221
62 Past and Present [5). Papal Encyclicals...............................222
63 Roberto Bellarmino...........................................................223
F ORGANISED RELIGION IN THE METROPOLITAN
COUNTRIES.............................................................................225
64 The Italian Risorgimento. Jewish Culture and
Consciousness in Italy............................................................225
65 Integralist Catholics, Jesuits, Modernists. *Spain..................227
66 Catholic Action [12]. France..............................................227
67 Lucien Romier and French Catholic Action [1]......................230
68 Lucien Romier and French Catholic Action [2]......................230
69 Catholic Action [13]. Catholic Action in Germany and
Austria.................................................................................230
70 Relations between the German Centre and the Vatican..........231
71 Catholic Action in Germany [1]...........................................232
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Further Selections from Prison Notebooks 8
72 Catholic Action in Germany [2]...........................................232
73 Catholic Action in the United States [1]...............................233
74 Catholic Action in the United States [2]...............................234
75 Catholic Action [14]. Catholicism and Social
Democracy in Britain .............................................................235
76 British Labourism. The Archbishop of Canterbury and
Labourism............................................................................236
77 The Ecumenical Movement................................................236
78 Ecumenical Movements.....................................................237
79 Religious Movements. The Ecumenical Movement and
its Subsidiary Organisation......................................................237
80 Religion and Politics .........................................................238
G RELIGIOUS CULTURE IN OTHER MAJOR COUNTRIES..............240
81 Ecumenicalism and Protestant Propaganda in South
America...............................................................................240
82 South American Culture.....................................................240
83 Jesuitism in South America................................................241
84 Catholicism in India..........................................................242
85 Rebel India......................................................................242
86 Non-Resistance and Non-Co-operation................................243
87 Religiosity in India............................................................245
88 Encyclopaedic Notions [2]. Theopanism..............................246
89 Brief Notes on Indian Culture.............................................246
90 Intellectuals. On Indian Culture...........................................247
91 The Question of the Intellectuals.........................................248
92 Brief Notes on Chinese Culture [1]......................................249
93 Brief Notes on Chinese Culture [2]......................................252
94 Brief notes on Japanese Culture [1].....................................254
95 Brief Notes on Japanese Culture [2]....................................258
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Further Selections from Prison Notebooks 9
96 The New Evolution of Islam...............................................259
97 Brief Notes on Islamic Culture............................................261
98 The Influence of Arab Culture on Western Civilisation ............263
II THE ORIGIN OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL PRINCIPLES.........265
Introduction..........................................................................265
1 Some Problems of Modern Pedagogy.....................................266
2 Scholastic Questions [1]......................................................267
3 The Professional School.......................................................270
4 Professional Orientation.......................................................271
5 Universities and Academies .................................................272
6 The Academies...................................................................275
7 Italian and French Culture and the Academies........................275
8 The Italian Universities........................................................275
9 Scholastic Questions [2]......................................................278
10 Intellectual and Moral Order...............................................279
11 The Organisation of Cultural Life.........................................280
12 Types of Periodical ...........................................................281
13 Italian Culture..................................................................281
14 The Popular Libraries........................................................282
15 Ideological Material...........................................................283
16 Introduction to the Study of Philosophy. Pedagogy and..........284
Hegemony285
17 Antonio Labriola [1]..........................................................286
18 Antonio Labriola [2]..........................................................289
III THE NATURE AND HISTORY OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE.............290
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Further Selections from Prison Notebooks 10
Introduction..........................................................................290
1 Machiavelli as an Economist................................................291
2 Points to Reflect on for a Study of Economics [1]. The
Beginning of Economic Science...............................................292
3 Points to Reflect on for a Study of Economics [2]. The
Method of Economic Research................................................294
4 Brief Notes on Economics [1]. The Concept of ‘Homo
Oeconomicus’.......................................................................295
5 Points to Reflect on for a Study of Economics [3]. On
the Subject of the So-Called Homo Oeconomicus.......................296
6 Points to Reflect on for a Study of Economics [4].
Classical Economy and Critical Economy..................................297
7 Points to Reflect on for a Study of Economics [5].
Observations on Pantaleoni’s ‘Pure Economics’..........................299
8 Points to Reflect on for a Study of Economics [6].
Regarding Pantaleoni’s ‘Pure Economics’..................................301
9 Brief Notes on Economics [2]. Lionel Robbins........................303
10 Brief Notes on Economics [3]. Political Economy and
Critical Economy...................................................................305
11 Outlines of Marxist Economics............................................306
12 Freedom and ‘Automatism’ <or Rationality>.......................309
13 Brief Notes on Economics [4]. Ugo Spirito & Co....................310
14 Encyclopaedic Notions. Conjuncture [1]...............................312
15 Encyclopaedic Notions. Conjuncture [2]...............................312
16 Points for a Study of Economics: The Einaudi-Spirito
Polemic over the State...........................................................313
17 Economic History Studies..................................................315
18 Graziadei’s Land of Cokaygne.............................................315
19 Graziadei and the Land of Cokaygne....................................317
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Further Selections from Prison Notebooks 11
20 Graziadei.........................................................................317
21 On Graziadei....................................................................318
22 Points to Reflect on in Economics. The Science of
Economics............................................................................320
IV ECONOMIC TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS............................322
Introduction..........................................................................322
A THE GEO-POLITICAL SITUATION............................................325
1 Geo-Politics.......................................................................325
2 World Politics and European Politics.....................................325
3 The Atlantic and the Pacific.................................................326
4 America and the Mediterranean............................................326
5 Great Britain and the United States.......................................326
6 Britain, Russia, Germany.....................................................327
7 Encyclopaedic Notions [1]. The Four Pillars of Europe.............328
8 A Policy for Peace in Europe................................................329
9 Augur................................................................................330
10 Geo-Political Developments................................................331
11 America..........................................................................338
12 Past and Present [1]. Otto Kahn.........................................339
13 Oil, Petrol and Petroleum Products .....................................340
14 Italy and the Yemen in the New Politics of the Arab
World..................................................................................342
15 Britain and the United States after the War..........................345
16 The American Negroes......................................................346
B THE WORLD ECONOMIC CRISIS 347
17 Past and Present [2]. Observations on the World Crisis..........347
18 Past and Present [3]. The Standard of Living........................349
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