further described in resumes for AA 001 009 and 001 010. OMO - Eric

82 Pages·2011·3 MB·English

DOCUMENT RESUME
AA 001 020
ED 064 541
APEX (Air Pollution Exercise) Volume 12: Developer's
TITLE
Manual No. 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
INSTITUTION
Park, N. C. Office of Manpower Development.
PUB DATE
[ 71 ]
NOTE
8Ip.
MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29
EDRS PRICE
*City Planning; Development; Environmental Education;
DESCRIPTORS
*Land Use; Management Games; *Professional Training;
Simulation; *Site Development; *Site Selection; Urban
Areas
ABSTRACT
The Developer's Manual No. 2 is part of a set of 21
manuals (AA 001 009-001 029) used in APEX (Air Pollution Exercise), a
computerized college and professional level ',real world,' game
simulation of a ccmnunity with urban and rural problems, industrial
activities, and air pollution difficulties. The first two sections,
19),
which are the same in each of the student manuals (volumes 1 to
contain general information about the APEX interaction simulation and
remaining sections contain the
a glossary of reference terms. The
following: developer's role description; annotated developer's
worksheet; a sample developer's worksheet; background information for
developer's role; an annotated printout for cycle one; and a map of
the 29 APEX analysis areas. The manual is identical to the other
developer's manuals, except for the annotated printout for cycle one.
The game simulation procedure and required computer facilities are
further described in resumes for AA 001 009 and 001 010. OMO
U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
EDUCATION & WELFARE
OFFICE OF EDUCATION
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO
DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM
THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION OR1G
INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN
IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY
REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU
CATION POSITION OR POLICY
I.
^
DAviara.: tk,v; .1.4;
APEX VOLUME 12
DEVELOPER'S MANUAL
No. 2
This course is designed for professional persons
The course
in the field of air pollution control.
trainees
manual has been prepared spccifically for the
the
attending the course, and should not be included in
available.
reading lists of periodicals as generally
CONDUCTED BY
The Office of Manpower Development's
Institute for Air Pollution Training
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air Programs
Office of Manpower Development
Institute for Air Pollution Training
Research Triangle Park
North Carolina 27711
APEXVOLUME 12
DEVELOPER No.2
CONTENTS
SECTION A
General Inf,Irmation
V
Air Pollution Training
Institute fo
VII
AcknowledgemeLt
IX
APEX Simulation Exercises
SECTION ONE
1-1
Introduction to APEX
1-3
General Interaction Diagram
APEX Functional
1-5
Interactions - Simulations
APEX Functional
1-7
Interactions - Roles
SECTION TWO
2-1
Glossary and R,Serence Terms
SECTION THREE
3-1
Developer's Role Description
SECTION FOUR
4-1
Annotated Developer's Worksheet
SECTION FIVE
5-1
Sample Developer's Worksheet
SECTION SEVEN
Background Information
7-1
for Developer's Role
SECTION EIGHT
8-1
Annotated Printouts for Cycle 1
SECTION NINE
Areas
9-1
Map of 29 APEX Analysis
4
TV
SIMULATION
LIST OF MANUALS USED IN THE APEX GAME
Game Director's Manual
Volume
1:
Computer Operator's Manual
Volume
2:
Air Pollution Control Officer's Manual
Volume
3:
City Politician's Manual
Volume
4:
County Politician's Manual
Volume
5:
No. 10 Shear Power Company
Industrialist's Manual:
Volume
6:
No. 2, People's Pulp Plant
Industrialist's Manual:
Volume
7:
No, 3, Rusty's Iron Foundry
Industrialist's Manual:
Volume
8:
No. 4, Caesar's Rendering Plant
Industrialist's Manual:
Volume
9:
No. 5, Dusty Rhodes Cement Co.
Industrialist's Manual:
Volume 10:
No. 1
Developer's Manual:
Volume 11:
No. 2
Developer's Manual:
Volume 12:
No. 3
Developer's Manual:
Volume 13:
No. 4
Developer's Manual:
Volume 14:
No. 5
Developer's Manual:
Volume 15:
No. 6
Developer's Manual:
Volume 16:
No. 7
Developer's Manual:
Volume 17:
City Planner's Manual
Volume 18:
County Planner's Manual
Volume 19:
Reference Materials
Volume 20:
Air Pollution Control Legislation
Legal References:
Volume 21:
5
Section 1-1
Introduction to - APEX
gaming-simulations of an urban
APEX is one of, if not the most complex
designed to supplement standard teach-
area in use today. Although it was
is a communi-
ing methods, APEX is far more than an educational tool. It
both the language
cation channel of a new kind -- capable of providing
and groups with
and the forum for information transfer between persons
different
different educational and cultural backgrounds as well as
prespectives on urban life.
(1) a computerized
APEX is composed of two essential components
simulation models (2) linked
system made up of a series of well-integrated
of interactive roles. The
to a "gamed" environment encompassing a series
of
computerized system predicts the changes that occur in several sectors
in the
urban life in response to the decisions made by participants
n
"gamed" envir-
gamed" environment, decisions made by persons outside the
the computer), and
onment (other actors whose behavior is simulated in
computer).
external pressures on the city (also simulated in the
elite decision
The county of APEX is run year by year by a set of
extraord'nary functions of their
makers performing both themundane and
in
office in the "gamed" environment. Each cycle. Jr year is condensed
makers
time to a three to eight hour session during which the decision
of the
formulate their yearly policy. The decisions that emerge out
It competitive-cooperative" environment of the gaming-simulation are used
Change in the status
as priming inputs to the computer simulation. The
the
of the urban area is calculated by the computer and returned to
action. Includ-
decision makers as the primary input to the next cycle of
selected social
ed in the change picture generated by the computer are
key areas and
indicators measuring the magnitudes of change in assorted
local public opinion.
a newspaper serving as the focal point of
include
The key decision makers acting in the gamed environment
pollution
politicians and planners from a central city and a county, an air
industrialists
control officer from the county, and land developers and
responsible for the admini-
from the private sector. The politicians are
formulation and
stration of their respective jurisdictions and for the
of their
implementation of various programs to upgrade the social status
and represent
constituents. The planners serve as aides to the politicians
community. The air pollu-
the major long range coordinating force in the
and monitoring
tion control officer is charged with the task of cleaning
industrialists
the air mass above APEX county. The land developers and
business concerns
have the responsibility of running their particular
each decision
within the confines of the county. It is expected that
and/or compete with
maker will find it to his advantage to coordinate
The APEX General
other players in his efforts to promote his strategies.
) indicates possible link-
Interaction Diagram included here (see page
players and the simulation.
ages am9ng players and between
the dynamics
In general, people have great difficulty understanding
Gaming-simulation offers
of a complex system through traditional means.
and discuss the struc-
participants the opportunity to study, work with,
1-2
de-
experiment with intervention strategies
ture of such a system and to
When used as a teaching device, the
signed to change that structure.
such as APEX lies in the opportunity
strength of a gaming-simulation
in the system. When compared with
afforded participants for involvemnt
offered by traditional methods,
the passive observation of the system
this approach has had great success.
of the APEX variety is more
In theory, complex gaming-simulation
models were
communications facilitator. If the
than a training device or
aad more complete, a com-
the data base more accurate
more sophisticated
policy testing device for use by prac-
plex gaming-simulation would be a
APCO's and administrators. Conditional
ticing urban politicians, planners,
and/or decisions
the particular policies
predictions (predictions based on
be
ramifications of various decisions can
submitted to the model) of the
gaming-simulation -- predictions
generated through the use of a complex
of unforeseen reactions to policy at
that may forewarn the model user
ranging from that of the highest
several levels of the urban hierarchy
level.
that found in a typical midwest-
The gamed environment is similar to
Lansing, Michigan).
(In fact, the prototype city is
ern industrialized town.
220,000 including several of minority
It has a population approaching
dense central
ethnic ties. There is a relatively
groups sharing racial or
adjacent suburb and two outlying
city in the heart of the county, an
(as are
located in the central city
townships. Most of the industry is
include a large auto plant and the state
the minority groups). Major firms
townships
houses a major university. The
government offices. The suburb
dotting
although urbanizing settlements are
are largely agricultural,
serving
river running through the city
the landscapes. There is a major
climate of APEX is
drainage system for the county. The
as the primary
winter
averaging about 70 degrees and
temperate, with summer temperatures
westerly,
25 degrees. Prevailing winds are
temperatures averaging near
and northwest in winter.
swinging to the southwest in summer
into
exercise, APEX county is divided
For the purposes of the gaming
Section 9). Population, employ-
29 analysis areas (see the attached map,
by
allocated to the areas and are categorized
ment and land use will be
described in the
for APEX. These types are
types established especially
(Section 2) a glossary designed to aid
glossary included in this manual
terminology of urban and environmental
participants in learning the
the gaming exercise.
management as well as that of
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
for Air Pollution Training
Address inquiries to Chief, Institute
Environmental Protection Agency
27711
Carolina
Research Triangle Park, North
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FUNCTIONAL INTERACTIONS
SIMULATIONS