Fundamentals of residential construction

690 Pages·2011·256.72 MB·English

by  Edward Allen

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Fundamentals of Residential Construction

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F
U N D A M E N T A L S O F
R C
E S I D E N T I A L O N S T R U C T I O N
THIRD EDITION
Edward Allen
and
Rob Thallon
Featuring the Drawings of
Joseph Iano

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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This book is printed on acid-free paper. o
Copyright © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
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should be sought.
The drawings, tables, descriptions, and photographs in this book have been obtained
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Allen, Edward, 1938-
Fundamentals of residential construction / Edward Allen and Rob Thallon;
featuring the drawings of Joseph Iano. – 3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-470-54083-1 (hardback) ISBN 978-0-470-90510-4 (ebk); ISBN
978-0-470-90511-1 (ebk); ISBN 978-0-470-90512-8 (ebk);
ISBN 978-0-470-95091-3 (ebk); ISBN 978-0-470-95108-8 (ebk)
1. House construction. I. Thallon, Rob. II. Iano, Joseph. III. Title.
TH4811.A463 2011
690’.837–dc22
2010050395
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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C o n t e n t s
2
The Construction
Community: Builders,
Contractors, and
Developers 30
History 32
Builders and Contractors 33
Obtaining Work 38
The Residential Developer 40
Training the Construction Community 45
Green Builders, Contractors, and Developers 47
3
The Design
Community 50
History 52
Preface xi Residential Designers 53
Acknowledgments xi Consultants 55
The Design Process 56
Design Sources 63
PART ONE
Communication between Designer and
C
ONTEXT 1
Builder 65
Green Designers 68
1
The Context for

Construction 2 PART TWO
M
ATERIALS 71
A Building Culture 7
Construction Systems 9
4
Types of Residential Development 11 The Material Wood 72
Zoning Ordinances, Building Codes, and Other
Legal Constraints 17 Trees 74
Building Costs and Financing 18 Lumber 78
Environmental Responsibility: Building Green 21 Wood Products 88
Building a House: The Typical Process 23 Chemical Treatment 99
v
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vi / Contents
PART THREE
W L F
OOD IGHT RAME
C
ONSTRUCTION 169
7
Rough Sitework 170
Design Considerations 172
Organizing the Site for Construction 173
Site Preparation 173
Excavation 175
Site Utilities 176
Surface Water Drainage 181
Grading 184
Green Practices for Rough Sitework 186
8
Foundations 190
Wood Fasteners 100
Wood-Manufactured Building Components 106
Foundation Loads 192
Types of Wood Construction 106
Foundation Settlement 192
Building Green with Wood 106
Soils 193
5 Designing Foundations 195
Masonry 110
Footings 198
Concrete Foundation Walls 201
History 112
Concrete Masonry Foundation Walls 204
Mortar 115
Concrete Slab Foundations 206
Concrete Masonry 116
Wood Foundations 210
Brick Masonry 126
Precast Concrete Foundations 212
Stone Masonry 138
Anchor Bolts and Hold-downs 212
Other Types of Masonry Units 142
Drainage and Waterproofi ng 212
Special Problems of Masonry Construction 143
Foundation Insulation 215
Building Green with Masonry 145
Backfi lling 216
6 Foundation Design and the
Concrete 148
Building Codes 216
History 150
9
Cement and Concrete 151 Floor and Wall
Making and Placing Concrete 154 Framing 218
Formwork 158
Reinforcing 158 History 220
ACI 301 165 The Platform Frame 220
Building Green with Concrete 165 Building the Frame 222
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Contents / vii
10
Roof Framing 248 14
Plumbing 352
History 250
Plumbing Basics 354
Roof Types and Parts 251
Planning for Pipes 358
Building the Roof 253
Rough-in Plumbing 359
Wood Framing and the
Finish Plumbing 362
Building Codes 271
Plumbing Codes 362
The Uniqueness of Wood Light Frame
Other Piping Systems 363
Construction 272
Building Green with
Building Green with Wood Framing 274
Plumbing Systems 366
11 15
Finishing the Roof 276 Heating and Cooling 370
Preparation for Roofi ng 278 Choosing a System 372
Roof Slope 280 Forced-Air Systems 374
Steep Roofs 281 Radiant Panel Systems 380
Low-Slope Roofs 293 Hydronic Heating Systems 384
Roof Edge Details 298 Local Source Heaters 385
Roof Drainage 301 Finishing a Heating/Cooling System 388
Roofi ng and the Building Codes 303 Heating and Cooling Systems and the
Building Green with Roofi ng 304 Building Codes 388
Green Strategies for Heating and Cooling
12 Buildings 388
Windows and Exterior
Doors 306
Windows 308
Exterior Doors 320
Building Green with Windows
and Doors 325
13
Finishing th e Exterior
Walls 328
The Weather Barrier Membrane 331
Exterior Trim 333
Siding 334
Exterior Paints and Coatings 344
Ladders and Scaffolds 348
Building Green at the
Exterior Walls 350
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viii / Contents
18
Fireplaces and
Stoves 434
Selecting a Fireplace 437
Planning for Fireplace Construction 438
The Masonry Fireplace 438
Factory-Built Fireplaces 448
Freestanding Stoves 451
Fireplaces and the Building Codes 452
How Green Are Fireplaces and Stoves? 454
19
Interior Surfaces 456
Wall and Ceiling Finish 458
Finish Flooring 465
Building Green with Gypsum Products 472
20
Finishing the
16
Electrical Wiring 392
Interior 474
Wiring Basics 394
Interior Doors 476
Electrical System Design 400
Cabinets 479
Rough-in Electrical Installation 402
Finish Carpentry and Trim 486
Finish Electrical 404
Paints and Coatings 493
Electrical Wiring and the
Building Green with Paints and
Building Codes 405
Coatings 494
Low-Voltage Wiring 405
Building Green with Electrical Systems 406
21
Finish Sitework 496
17
Thermal Insulation 408
Paving Systems 498

Level Changes 501
The Thermal Envelope and Its
Porches and Decks 505
Components 411
Finish Grading 506
Thermal Insulation Materials 415
Fencing 507
How Much Insulation? 420
Outdoor Lighting 509
Installation of Insulation 420
Irrigation 510
Control of Water Vapor 422
Planting 511
Ventilation of Cavities 424
Green Considerations in
Control of Air Infi ltration 428
Finish Sitework 512
Building Green with Thermal Insulation 430
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