Fundamentals of Plan Making: Methods and Techniques PDF
Preview Fundamentals of Plan Making: Methods and Techniques
Fundamentals of Plan Making Urban and regional planning programs aspire to prepare practitioners to write and implement comprehensive plans. Yet, academic planning programs often place greater emphasis on theory than practice. To help address this gap, Fundamentals of Plan Making gives planning students an understanding of research and methods of analysis that apply to comprehensive planning. Its informative text and examples will help students develop familiarity with various data sources and acquire the knowledge and ability to conduct basic planning analyses such as population projections, housing needs assessments, development impact analyses, and land-use plans. Students will also learn how to implement the various citizen participation methods used by planners and develop an appreciation of the values and roles of practicing planners. In this revised second edition, Edward Jepson and Jerry Weitz bring their extensive experience as practicing planners and teaching faculty to give planning students the practical, hands-on tools they need to create and implement real plans and policies. With an entirely new census data set, expanded discussions of sustainability and other topics, as well as new online resources—including a companion website—the book is now more accessible and more informative, and its updated chapters on transportation, housing, environment, economic development, and other core planning elements also make it a handy reference for planning practitioners. Edward J. Jepson, Jr. is a member of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) and holds a Master of Regional Planning (MRP) degree from the Pennsylvania State University and a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in urban and regional planning from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Over the past 30 years, he has worked as the executive director of two nonprofit development organizations, a community planning and development consultant, a planning professor at the University of Tennessee, and is currently teaching at several major universities in the U.S. His research and scholarly work have focused on planning for sustainability, and his teaching experience includes courses on planning methods, economic development, planning theory, urban studies, and environmental planning. Jerry Weitz is a Fellow of the American Institute of Certified Planners (FAICP) and holds a Ph.D. in urban studies, a Master of City Planning degree, and a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and history. He has worked for city, county, regional, and state governments during his career, which spans 30 years. Since 2001, as president and principal of his own planning consulting firm, Jerry Weitz & Associates, Inc., he has prepared numerous local comprehensive plans and land-use regulations. From 2010 to 2015, he was associate professor and director of the urban and regional planning program at East Carolina University in Greenville, NC, where he taught land-use planning, land-use regulation, historic preservation planning, planning practice studio, and ecological landscape planning. From 2001 to 2014, Weitz was editor of the only member publication of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP), Practicing Planner. “Jepson and Weitz’ book is the only one providing planners with the basic, hands-on analytic tools needed for plan making.” —Arthur C. Nelson, University of Arizona “The second edition of Fundamentals of Plan Making is a careful update of the go-to source for how and why to create an effective comprehensive plan. Ed Jepson and Jerry Weitz have added new data sources, tables, and illustrations. New sections on cost–benefit analysis, sustainability, transportation options, and complete streets make the book especially timely for students and practitioners.” —Tom Daniels, University of Pennsylvania “As an instructor I am always on the lookout for instructional texts that effectively apply methods and techniques to planning and plan making. Jepson and Weitz do just this by taking a comprehensive and practical approach to the skills needed in planning practice. I applaud this work and I’m very pleased to see the updates that have been incorporated throughout.” —Tom Sanchez, Virginia Tech “Despite all the alternative theories about where planning might go or should go, developing and writing comprehensive plans remains at the core of the urban planning profession. Jepson and Weitz have done planning practitioners, students, and scholars a considerable service: they have carefully distilled and articulated a broad range of key planning tools, methods, and resources. The result is a comprehensive, practical, and up-to-date handbook that serves as a valuable one-stop guide.” —Scott Campbell, University of Michigan FUNDAMENTALS OF PLAN MAKING Methods and Techniques Second Edition Edward J. Jepson, Jr. and Jerry Weitz Second edition published 2021 by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021 Edward J. Jepson, Jr. and Jerry Weitz The right of Edward J. Jepson, Jr. and Jerry Weitz to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. First edition published by Routledge 2015 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Jepson, Edward J., author. | Weitz, Jerry, author. Title: Fundamentals of plan making: methods and techniques/ Edward J. Jepso n, Jr. and Jerry Weitz. Identifiers: LCCN 2020029104 (print) | LCCN 2020029105 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367546441 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367546434 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003089971 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: City planning. | Regional planning. | Community development. | Social planning. | Needs assessm ent. Classification: LCC HT166.J48 2020 (print) | LCC HT166 (ebook ) | DDC 307.1/216–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.g ov/2020029104 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/20200291 05 ISBN: 978-0-367-54644-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-54643-4 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-08997-1 (ebk) Typeset in Garamond Three by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India Visit the companion website: https://ejjplanning.wixsite.com/fundamentals Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Boxes Websites (alphabetical) Preface to the 2nd Edition Acknowledgments Introduction 1 An Introduction to the Comprehensive Plan What Is a Comprehensive Plan? Reasons to Create a Comprehensive Plan Planning Is about People Planning Is about Livability Planning Is about Economy and Employment Planning Is about the Natural Environment Planning Is about Compatibility, Character, Form, Efficiency, and Aesthetics Planning Is about Community Facilities and Services Planning Is about Cooperation and Coordination Final Note References Further Reading 2 Data Retrieval and Management for Community Analyses Identifying and Collecting Data Demographic Data Online Sources of Demographic Data Retrieving Demographic Data Advanced Search Option Profile Search Option Other Search Options Table Printing Economic Data Online Sources of Economic Data Retrieving Economic Data Analyzing Data Historical Change Technique Comparative Technique Compositional Technique Associational Technique Presenting Data Types of Graphs General Data Presentation Guidelines Final Note Exercises Notes Further Reading 3 Demographic Analysis Relationship of Demographic Information to Community Development and Comprehensive Planning Planning Interrelationships Housing Labor Force and Economy Community Facilities and Services Transportation Key Elements of a Demographic Analysis Variables Included in a Demographic Analysis and Their Sources The Fundamentals of Demographic Analysis Total Population Age Race and Ethnic Origin Gender Income and Poverty Educational Attainment Population Estimation and Projection Population Estimation Dwelling Unit Method School Enrollment Method Population Projection Ratio Method Component Method Trend Extrapolation Methods Linear Curve Geometric Curve Parabolic Curve Accuracy Comparison of Trend Extrapolation Methods Final Note Exercises Notes References Further Reading 4 Housing Analysis Relationship of Housing Information to Community Development and Comprehensive Planning Planning Interrelationships Impact of Population Change on Housing Variables Impact of Housing Unit Change on Population Key Elements of a Housing Analysis Variables Included in a Housing Analysis and their Sources The Fundamentals of Housing Analysis Household Population and Group Quarters Population Total Households and Total Housing Units Households by Annual Income Household Size (Persons per Housing Unit) Types of Housing Units Housing Tenure (Owners and Renters) Housing Unit Occupancy and Vacancy Age of Housing Units Physical Condition of Housing Units Cost and Value of Housing Units Housing for Special Populations Housing Affordability Housing Needs and Planning Assessment Consolidated Plans Final Note Exercises Notes References Further Reading 5 Economic Analysis Relationship of Economic Information to Community Development and Comprehensive Planning Planning Interrelationships Housing Demographics Community Facilities and Services Transportation Spatial Development Sustainable Development Key Elements of an Economic Analysis Variables Included in an Economic Analysis and their Sources The Fundamentals of Economic Analysis Employment Status Wages and Benefits Geography of Employment Occupations Employer Data Scale and Renewal Linkages Composition and Diversity Change and Competitiveness Economic Projection Base Multiplier Trend Extrapolation Constant Share Final Note Exercises Notes References Further Reading 6 Environmental Analysis Relationship of Environmental Information to Community Development and Comprehensive Planning Planning Interrelationships Housing Transportation Community Facilities and Services Public Open Space Sustainable Development Land Use Labor Force and Economy Key Elements of an Environmental Analysis Variables Included in an Environmental Analysis and Their Sources The Fundamentals of Environmental Analysis Air Air Pollution Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Land Soil Erosion Hazard Topography Economic Geologic Resources Land Analysis Water Water Quality Analysis Final Note Exercises Notes Appendix 6.1 References Further Reading 7 Community Facilities and Services Analysis Relationship of Community Facilities and Services Information to Community Development and Comprehensive Planning Key Elements of a Community Facilities and Services Analysis Elements Included in a Community Facilities and Services Analysis The Fundamentals of Community Facilities and Services Analysis Schools The Impact of Residential Development on Schools Estimating Long-Range School Facility Needs Libraries Parks and Recreation Level-of-Service Standards Projection of Future Acreage Needs Development Impact Analysis Proximity of Parks to Population Served Public Safety Facilities and Services Police and Law Enforcement Fire and Rescue Emergency Medical Service Utility-Type Operations Water Wastewater Stormwater Management Capital Improvement Programming Evaluating Facilities Estimating Capital Costs Prioritizing Projects Benefit–cost Analysis Development Impact Fees Legal Authority and Basis Facility Planning Prerequisites Service Areas Political Acceptance Calculating Impact Cost Establishing and Adopting the Impact Fee Final Note Exercises Notes References Further Reading 8 Transportation System Analysis Relationship of Transportation to Community Development and Comprehensive Planning Planning Interrelationships Housing Economy Demographics Natural Environment Land Use Key Elements of Transportation System Analysis Data for Transportation Planning American Community Survey Census Transportation Planning Products (CTPPs) Traffic Counts and Future Volumes The Fundamentals of Transportation System Analysis Transportation Modes Functional Classifications of Roads Transportation Analysis Zones
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