34639_IFC pp.indd 2 34639_IFC pp.indd 2 9/19/09 8:21:19 PM 9/19/09 8:21:19 PM Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. From: Natural Earth II, Tom Patterson 34639_IFC pp.indd 3 34639_IFC pp.indd 3 9/19/09 8:21:25 PM 9/19/09 8:21:25 PM Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. It includes � animations � videos on today’s critical topics such as climate change � newsfeeds � Google Earth activities The Brooks/Cole Geography Resource Center This online tool provides an array of visual resources to deepen your understanding of physical geography. If your book didn’t come with access, buy it today on iChapters.com. 34639_00_FM_pi-xvi pp2.indd ii 34639_00_FM_pi-xvi pp2.indd ii 9/24/09 9:56:25 PM 9/24/09 9:56:25 PM Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY James F. Petersen Texas State University—San Marcos Dorothy Sack Ohio University, Athens Robert E. Gabler Western Illinois University, Macomb Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States 34639_00_FM_pi-xvi pp2.indd iii 34639_00_FM_pi-xvi pp2.indd iii 9/24/09 9:56:29 PM 9/24/09 9:56:29 PM Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Control Number: 2009936341 ISBN-13: 978-0-538-73463-9 ISBN-10: 0-538-73463-9 Brooks/Cole 20 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with offi ce locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local offi ce at www.cengage.com/global. Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Brooks/Cole visit www.cengage.com/brookscole Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.ichapters.com. Fundamentals of Physical Geography James F. Petersen, Dorothy Sack, Robert E. Gabler Earth Science Editor: Laura Pople Developmental Editor: Amy K. Collins Assistant Editor: Samantha Arvin Editorial Assistants: Jenny Hoang, Kristina Chiapella Media Editor: Alexandria Brady Marketing Manager: Nicole Mollica Marketing Assistant: Kevin Carroll Marketing Communications Manager: Belinda Krohmer Content Project Manager: Hal Humphrey Art Director: John Walker Print Buyer: Judy Inouye Rights Acquisitions Account Manager, Text: Timothy Sisler Rights Acquisitions Account Manager, Image: Robyn Young Production Service: Pre-Press PMG Text Designer: Diane Beasley and Pre-Press PMG Photo Researcher: Pre-Press PMG Copy Editor: Christine Hobberlin Illustrators: Accurate Art, Precision Graphics, Rolin Graphics, Pre-Press PMG Cover Designer: John Walker Cover Image: Jack Dykinga/Getty Images. Geyser, Black Rock Desert, Nevada. Compositor: Pre-Press PMG For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be emailed to